Caesar Baronius
(The Roman Martyrology)
Treatise on the Roman Martyrology
By Caesar Baronius, Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church, of the Title of Saints Nereus and Achilleus, and Librarian of the Apostolic See
Chapter I: On the Exacting Diligence Employed by the Holy Roman Church in Recording the Deeds of the Holy Martyrs
Nothing seems to have been more important to the leaders of the Holy Roman Church than that the courageous deeds of Christians — the most illustrious acts of the holy Martyrs themselves — should be recorded in monuments of perpetual memory. That outstanding effort was first devoted to this task by Saint Clement, the Roman Pontiff, is attested in the book on the Roman Pontiffs, which by certain more recent writers is customarily cited under the name of Damasus, where these words are read concerning Clement: "He divided the city into seven regions among faithful notaries of the Church, who were to seek out diligently and carefully, each one in his own region, the deeds of the Martyrs." So it reads there.
2. Although it is most firmly established by the testimony of ancient writers — Tacitus, Pliny, Sextus Rufus, Publius Victor, and others — that the city of Rome in those times was divided into fourteen regions, nevertheless the ancient records of the Roman Church teach that it was formerly divided by the Roman Pontiffs into only seven regions, according to the number of the seven Deacons who were called Regionarii. Sozomen, in his Ecclesiastical History, book 7, chapter 19, attests that the practice of ordaining no more than seven Deacons in the Roman Church persisted for a long time. Since, therefore, Pope Fabian is said to have divided the regions of the city among these seven, it necessarily appears that the fourteen regions were combined into seven.
3. Moreover, just as there were seven Deacons, so also there were as many Subdeacons, and an equal number of notaries, who were subject to those same Subdeacons and Deacons. Hence in the same book on the Roman Pontiffs, the following is read concerning Fabian: "He divided the regions among the Deacons, and appointed seven Subdeacons, who were to oversee the seven notaries, so that they might collect in full the deeds of the Martyrs." A more recent example of this is found in Paulinus, the notary of Saint Ambrose, who also wrote his life, in which he says that he was under the care of Deacon Castus, to whom he reported everything.
4. From these facts, consider how diligent was the effort formerly employed so that the Acts of the holy Martyrs might be written purely and faithfully; for not only did the notaries apply themselves vigorously to this work, but the Subdeacons and Deacons who presided over the notaries — and who were rightly called the eyes of the Bishop — whose duty it was to investigate everything exactly and make it known to the Pontiff, who would approve the writings of the notaries, whatever they might be, and store them among the ecclesiastical records. For this is what is written concerning Pope Anterus in this manner: "He diligently sought out the deeds of the Martyrs from the notaries, and deposited them in the Church." So he writes. In addition, it is stated in the same book on the Roman Pontiffs, under Julius, that it was their office not only to write the Acts of the Martyrs, but also to record whatever else pertained to the Church.
5. And indeed, not only did the Roman Church devote sedulous care to seeking out and writing the Acts of the holy Martyrs; other distinguished Churches too are known to have labored in this same task no less diligently. There remain most illustrious monuments of antiquity testifying to this: the letter of the Church of Smyrna concerning the Martyrs who suffered there under Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, found in Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, book 4, chapter 15; the letters of the Churches of Vienne and Lyons, partly quoted by the same Eusebius in book 5, chapters 1, 2, and 3; the several letters written by Dionysius, Bishop of the Church of Alexandria, to various persons, found in the same Eusebius, book 6, chapters 41 and 42, and book 7, chapter 11. We know that in the Church of Carthage, Saint Cyprian was careful that the days on which the Martyrs were crowned with martyrdom should be precisely recorded, as is evident from his letter to the Priests and Deacons of the Church of Carthage, number 2, which is placed as number 37 in the edition of Pamelius. Moreover, it is established that long before Cyprian's time, our forebears devoted outstanding effort to this same task. Hear what Pontius the Deacon writes about the more ancient ones: "Since our forebears," he says, "gave so much honor to common people and catechumens who had achieved martyrdom, out of reverence for martyrdom itself, that they wrote down many things — or, I might almost say, nearly everything — about their sufferings, so that it might come to the knowledge of us also, who were not yet born..." Thus Pontius, Cyprian's Deacon, in his Life of Saint Cyprian, chapter 1.
6. There were also those Acts of the Martyrs that were pure and genuine, which, when the case concerning them was heard before judges, were taken down by public notaries (called recorders) and entered into the public Acts, which we often find called Proconsular Acts, and were preserved among other public records. Some of these still survive, and we make mention of them in the Notes. Pontius the Deacon sometimes cites the same in his account of Cyprian, when he says (in the cited Life of Saint Cyprian, chapter 11): "And what the Priest of God replied when the Proconsul questioned him, there are Acts which relate." So he writes.
Chapter II: On the Histories of the Saints Falsely Written by Heretics or Others
But what of it? Although the best of householders, as the Gospel parable has it in Matthew, chapter 13, verses 24-30, had sown good seed in the field, nevertheless the enemy — he who was a murderer from the beginning, the adversary of truth, Satan himself — sowed tares over it, and almost from the very beginning of the rising Church, he took care to intermingle falsehoods with truths, empty and uncertain things with those that were certain and of solid firmness; and this not only through heretics, rebels against the Catholic faith, but also through Catholics themselves — those, however, who thought that godliness was a means of gain, or who had zeal indeed, but not according to knowledge.
2. For now let it suffice to adduce just one example from among these: the Asian Priest, about whom Tertullian writes the following in his book On Baptism against Quintilla, chapter 17: "But if those women who defend the license for women to teach and to baptize appeal to the writings falsely attributed to Paul, citing the example of Thecla, let them know that in Asia the Priest who composed that writing, as if heaping up material of his own invention under the title of Paul, was convicted, and having confessed that he had done it out of love for Paul, was removed from his office." So writes Tertullian. That book was titled Periodos (Travels) of Paul and Thecla, and contained the fable of the baptized lion, as Saint Jerome attests in On Ecclesiastical Writers, or On Illustrious Men, chapter 7, under Luke.
3. Of the same kind were those fabrications: namely, the Circuits of Peter, the Circuits of John, the Circuits of Thomas, the Acts of Andrew, the Acts of John, the Acts of Philip, the Acts of Peter, the Acts of Paul, and the Itinerary of Clement — all of which are condemned by Athanasius in his Synopsis of Sacred Scripture, chapter 76; by Philastrius in his book On Heresies, chapter 88; and by Gelasius in the Council of Rome, chapter 5. For it is most certain that these and other things of this kind were devised by heretics. Epiphanius relates, in his Panarion, heresy 30, numbers 15, 16, and 23, that these were primarily the work of Ebion, that he invented false Acts of the Apostles, that the Circuits of Peter were corrupted by him, and that the Acts of Paul were introduced full of blasphemies. The same Epiphanius, in the Panarion, heresy 26, number 8, testifies that a monstrous book about the holy Mother of God, Mary, was written by the Gnostics. The same Author relates, in the Panarion, heresy 47, number 1, that the Encratites brought forward the Acts of Andrew, John, and Thomas and other such works to establish their own heresy. Augustine, in his book On Faith against the Manichaeans, chapter 28, and in other places, attests that the Manichaeans devised fabrications of this kind and wrote false histories under the name of the Apostles; as does Philastrius, in his book On Heresies, chapter 88; Cyril of Jerusalem, in Catechesis 4, number 36, and in Catechesis 6, number 31; and others. Orosius affirms that the Priscillianists also invented their own Acts of the Apostles, in his letter or consultation or commonitory to Augustine, On the Error of the Priscillianists and Origenists, number 2. We omit many other examples here.
4. Indeed, those who presumed to do such things regarding the holy Apostles must by no means be thought to have been more restrained regarding the Acts of the holy Martyrs; which they so corrupted and depraved that they brought very many of them into suspicion, to such an extent that the Holy Roman Church sometimes deemed it more prudent to abstain from them. Hence Gelasius in the Council of Rome, chapter 4: "The deeds of the holy Martyrs," he says, "according to ancient custom, are not read in the Holy Roman Church with particular caution, because the names of those who wrote them are entirely unknown, and they are thought to have been written by unbelievers or ignorant persons with superfluous or less fitting material than the order of events warranted — such as the passions of a certain Quiricus and Julitta, of George, and others of this kind, which are said to have been composed by heretics. For this reason, as has been said, lest even a slight occasion for mockery should arise, they are not read in the Holy Roman Church." So writes Gelasius concerning the discipline of the Roman Church in receiving and promulgating the Acts of the Martyrs.
5. However, it seems that caution was not applied only in other Churches; since in the African Church it was decreed in the Council of Carthage, celebrated after the first consulship of Stilicho, in the year of our Lord 401, that the Acts of the Martyrs could be read in sacred assemblies, as its canon 13 states in these words: "Let it also be permitted to read the passions of the Martyrs when their anniversary days are celebrated." So reads the canon. In Pope Hadrian's letter to Charlemagne, On Images, in which those who attacked the Second Council of Nicaea are refuted, the following is read in the same sense, not far before the end (in the meaning of chapter 17): "For the Lives of the Fathers are by no means read in Church without credible Authors. For those that are endorsed by the Orthodox are both received and read. Moreover, the sacred canons have judged that the passions of the holy Martyrs be allowed to be read also in Church when their anniversary days are celebrated." So it reads there. That the same custom of reading the Acts of the holy Martyrs in Church prevailed in the Gallican Church is sufficiently indicated by what Gregory of Tours testifies in his Miracles, book 1, On the Glory of the Martyrs, chapter 86, in these words: "It was the day of the passion of Polycarp, the great Martyr, and in the village of Ricomagum, in the territory of Clermont, his solemnities were being celebrated. When the passion had been read along with the other readings which priestly canon had introduced," etc.
6. But, to continue the narrative we have begun concerning the Acts of the Martyrs corrupted by heretics, there is on this subject canon 63 of the Sixth Synod, or Trullan Council, written in these words: "We command that those histories of the Martyrs which were falsely fabricated by the enemies of truth, in order to bring disgrace upon the Martyrs of Christ and to lead those who might hear them into unbelief, shall not be published in Churches, but shall be consigned to the fire. Those who accept them, or give credence to them as true, we anathematize." So decreed the holy Synod; by whose authority the Greek Bishops were accustomed to exercise more exacting care, so that when they visited their Churches, they would investigate more carefully the written Acts of the holy Martyrs. Hence Theodore Balsamon, at that passage, testifies the following concerning Patriarch Nicholas Muzalon: "When he found," he says, "that the life of Saint Parasceve, who was venerated in a certain village of Callicratia, had been composed by a certain villager in an inept, unlearned manner unworthy of the Saint's angelic way of life, he ordered it to be consigned to the fire; and he commanded the Deacon Basilicus to write a life of her pleasing and acceptable to God." So he writes.
Chapter III: On the Immense Loss Suffered by the Acts of the Holy Martyrs
But, to continue the plan we have begun concerning matters pertaining to the Roman Church, whose Martyrology we are treating, from what we have recently cited from Gelasius, it seems sufficiently clear that those Acts of the holy Martyrs — sought out with such great care and diligence, written down by the notaries of the Holy Roman Church, reviewed by the Subdeacons and Deacons, and finally approved and stored away by the Roman Pontiffs themselves — had fallen into ruin, been lost, or at least been adulterated. For if they had remained intact, for what reason (as Gelasius says) were they not read in the Roman Church according to custom, especially since by whom they had been written, approved, and signed, and from where they had been received, was so well established that no scruple of doubt about their integrity should have remained at all?
2. For Arnobius, in book 1 of Against the Pagans, chapter 56, declares in these words that the deeds of the holy Martyrs, which had been commended by our forebears, were indeed corrupted: "For not all the deeds performed among nations that were unknown and unfamiliar with the use of letters could be written down, nor could they reach the ears of all; or if any were committed to writing and documents, by the malevolence of demons — whose care and zeal is to intercept this truth — and of men similar to them, certain things were interpolated and added, partly changed, and words and syllables removed, so as both to slow the faith of the prudent and to corrupt the authority of the deeds." So writes Arnobius.
3. But we can by no means be led to believe that those same Acts were either entirely destroyed or thoroughly adulterated by heretics. For at Rome there always lived Catholic Pontiffs, nor did a Bishop of any other sect ever sit there. And even if, under the Arian Emperor Constantius, or under Odoacer the Herulian, Theodoric, and other Gothic Kings — likewise Arians — the Roman Church was troubled, nevertheless the trouble was not of such a kind that they would do violence to the memorials of the Saints. For they held the same sentiments as the Catholics regarding the Saints and their veneration, to such an extent that not even when the City was besieged did they inflict injury upon the Basilicas that were outside the walls; nor, when the City was captured, did they rage against those within, in the manner of barbarians, or profane them, or claim them for their own sacred rites, but they regarded them as sacred enclosures and asylums divinely established, so much so that they even spared those (though they were considered enemies) who had fled to them. Faithful witnesses to these things are the writers of those times: Orosius, Histories, book 7, chapter 39; Augustine, City of God, book 1, chapters 1, 7, and 34, and book 5, chapter 23; and Procopius, The Gothic War, book 1, chapter 4, number 10. That one small church which the Arians claimed for themselves under the Gothic Kings, called Saint Agatha in Suburra — it can scarcely be believed how sumptuously and piously, though impious themselves, they adorned it through the generosity of the Goth Ricimer, a man of consular rank, as we shall say at greater length in the Notes below in its proper place. Therefore all suspicion is removed that the Arians in their perfidy did any violence to the Acts of the Martyrs.
4. Rather, so great a disaster is to be attributed to others; which we believe flowed from no other source than from those most unjust and savage edicts of the Emperor Diocletian, by which all books of the Christian religion were condemned to burning. Eusebius mentions that same deadly decree in his Ecclesiastical History, book 8, chapter 2: "When," he says, "we beheld with our own eyes the divine and holy Scriptures cast upon a pyre in the middle of the forum." Arnobius, Optatus, and Saint Augustine have more on this same edict, whenever the latter treats of the Donatist schism, which arose on the occasion of the handing over of the sacred Books; and we ourselves treat of it at greater length below in the Notes.
5. We have no doubt that it was at that time, in so great a shipwreck of Christian writings, that the lamentable loss of the Acts of the Martyrs occurred; and that then those most noble records of deeds — collected with such great labor, verified by so many reviewers, and guarded with such great care — were destroyed, and we think that from so immense a shipwreck scarcely a few planks survived. Planks, I say, because we do not consider those things that are published by some under the title of Acts of the Martyrs from the notaries of the Roman Church to be complete, perfect, and finished in every respect; for if you bring them to the exact scrutiny of events and dates, you will find scarcely any that are not convicted of error in at least some part — so that finding any among them that do not need correction is like finding, after the vintage, one or two grape clusters, or like (as Isaiah says, chapter 17, verse 6) the shaking of an olive tree with two or three olives at the top of a branch, or four or five at its tips. We would never say they perished utterly, but they were diminished. Hence Gregory of Tours, in his Miracles, book 1, On the Glory of the Martyrs, chapter 40, says this: "There are indeed many Martyrs in the city of Rome whose complete histories of their sufferings have not been transmitted to us." So he writes; and further, in chapters 51 and 64, he testifies that the Acts of the Gallican Martyrs, sought and found by Gauls in Italy, were sent to Gaul, so that from this you can understand that great effort was formerly applied by our people in collecting the Acts of the holy Martyrs, and that those who collected the records of Martyrs from other provinces by no means passed over the Acts of their own.
6. Perhaps the careful reader will object: What was the reason that when the books of Christians were condemned to the fire by Diocletian's edict, the codices of Sacred Scripture — the volumes of both Testaments — remained unscathed; for indeed we possess them complete and uncorrupted, just as our fathers did before Diocletian's time? To this the answer is very easy, if one considers the different nature of each type of writing. For the sacred volumes were not in the possession of just one or two Churches, but, besides the very many copies that served the private use of Bishops, Priests, other Ministers, or other people, it is certain that they were customarily guarded in all the Churches of the world on account of the necessity of sacred functions.
7. For there were customarily in the Church two sacristies, placed on the right and left sides of the apse; in one of which the sacred Eucharist was kept, and in the other the sacred codices of divine Scripture were preserved. Saint Paulinus, writing to Severus, letter 32 (alias 12), number 16, when he treats of the Basilica he had erected at Nola, mentions both of these in verses affixed to their fronts; and says first of all: "In the two sacristies, which I said above are around the apse, these verses indicate the functions of each:"
On the right side of the apse:
"This is the place, the venerable storehouse where is deposited and from where is brought forth the nourishing pomp of sacred ministry."
On the left side of the same:
"If anyone is held by a holy desire to meditate on the law, here, sitting down, he may give his attention to the sacred Books."
8. So writes Paulinus concerning the sacristy of the sacred Books; and since the use of these volumes was more frequent, so too without doubt their number was more abundant, and for that reason it is not surprising if not all the codices of divine Scripture perished at once. But this was not the case with other books, even though they were ecclesiastical and even though very necessary; for it is established that they were immensely rare. Let the well-known book of Eusebius of Caesarea, On the Times (the Chronicle), serve as an example — the only work composed on that subject — which Alypius, a learned man, Bishop of Tagaste, could not find in Africa and therefore sought from the aforementioned Paulinus, who was residing at Nola; who, since he did not have it himself and did not even recognize the name of the author (for Alypius calls him Eusebius, Bishop of Constantinople), sought it at Rome and at last found it in the possession of Domnio, and sent it to him, as is clear from the letter he then wrote to Alypius, found among Augustine's letters, letter 24 (alias 35), number 3.
9. Having adduced these examples of the rarity of other books, we draw this conclusion: If a book for computing the dates of sacred events contained in divine Scripture — the only one of its kind, and therefore absolutely necessary for the Church, and for that reason translated into Latin by Saint Jerome — was sought with such great labor and barely found at last; what is to be said about other writings that seemed to be the particular property of some individual Church, which were contained not in one small codex but in very many exceedingly large ones, as one must believe (for it is most certain that the Acts of even a single Martyr, if accurately written, would have filled many pages), copies of which could not be easily made, as we see happen with things that are preserved with the utmost diligence in archives; and moreover, excessive costs would deter and immense labor would discourage? What wonder, then, if the very few copies that existed of such things were buried in so great an earthquake of the Christian world and consumed in a universal conflagration, so that from the ruins scarcely a few remnants survived? And who could sufficiently count the deaths of other ecclesiastical books, which, though scattered throughout all nations (to say nothing of the particular Acts of Martyrs belonging to other Churches), were nevertheless consumed in the same conflagration?
10. But enough of these matters; let us now proceed to the rest.
Chapter IV: On the Ancient Veneration of the Holy Martyrs, from Which Arose the Occasion for Writing the Martyrology
Just as formerly at Rome the notaries were charged with writing the Acts of the holy Martyrs, so also in other Churches, even those across the sea, the task seems to have been imposed upon some member of the clergy to record the birthday of each Martyr (for so they customarily called the passage from this life to heaven), so that each year, on the same recurring day, the sacrifice might be offered to God in memory of that same holy Martyr.
2. This is precisely what Tertullian says in his book On the Soldier's Crown, or On the Crown, chapter 3: "We make offerings for the dead, on the anniversary day of their birthdays." For among the ancients, "to make" was the same as "to sacrifice," as we shall show in a more convenient place below when we treat of the Pontiff's formula. Moreover, Tertullian there is speaking not of birthdays in the manner of the pagans, as the unfortunate Rhenanus erroneously interprets, but of the day on which the holy Martyrs were received as victors into heaven by God — consult the annotation of the most pious and learned Pamelius at that passage. You have concerning the same ancient custom the letter of Saint Cyprian to the Priests and Deacons of the Church of Carthage, which is number 37 in the edition of Pamelius; in which, at number 2, these words are written: "Also record the days on which they depart, so that we may celebrate their commemorations among the memorials of the Martyrs; although Tertullus, our most faithful and devoted brother, who in his constant solicitude and care shares with the brethren every service of assistance, and who does not fail them even in the care of their bodies, has written, and does write, and signifies to me the days on which our blessed brethren in prison pass to immortality by the departure of a glorious death, and offerings and sacrifices are to be celebrated here by us in their commemoration, which we shall soon celebrate together with you, the Lord protecting us." So writes Cyprian; who also, writing to the Clergy and the people, letter 34, number 3, says the same thing: "We always offer sacrifices for them, as you remember, whenever we celebrate the passions and anniversary days of the Martyrs in commemoration." So he writes.
3. Moreover, when he says to offer sacrifices for them, let no one think this was done for the expiation of their sins; since all things are cleansed in blood, and no one, as the Lord Himself testifies in John, chapter 15, verse 13, has greater love than this: that one lay down his life for his friends. For if the weeping sinful woman, as is read in Luke, chapter 7, verses 37-50, had her many sins forgiven, according to the Savior's judgment, because she loved much, who would dare to say that after a shower of blood, with martyrdom consummated, there still remain stains to be expiated? But "to offer sacrifices for them" is to be understood as if he said "to do it in their commemoration," as the words set forth below declare, and as we have cited above from the same Author, from the said letter 37. Hence Saint Augustine, in Tractate 84 on John, number 1, has this: "For indeed at the very table we do not commemorate them in the same way as others who rest in peace, so that we might pray also for them; but rather so that they might pray for us and that we might cling to their footsteps." So it reads there. And in Sermon 159, or On the Words of the Apostle 17, chapter or number 1, he says the same: "The discipline of the Church, which the faithful know, is that when the Martyrs are recited at that place at the altar of God, one does not pray for them; but for other commemorated dead, one does pray. For it is an insult to pray for a Martyr, to whose prayers we ought to commend ourselves." So writes Augustine; from all of which you can understand more clearly what it means to offer for a Martyr. If you desire a fuller treatment, consult the notes of Pamelius on the cited passages of Tertullian and Cyprian.
4. The names of the holy Martyrs were recited after the Apostles, as the Canon of the sacred Mass also teaches, which has: "Communicating and venerating the memory first of all," etc. They were recited from a written record according to the prerogative of rank and merits, and not only the names of Martyrs, but also of other Saints. Hence Augustine too, in his book On Holy Virginity, chapter 45 or number 46, says this: "For the ecclesiastical authority bears most illustrious testimony, in which it is known to the faithful at what place in the rites of the altar the Martyrs are recited, and at what place the deceased consecrated Virgins." So he writes. Therefore, from the aforesaid recording of the birthday dates of the holy Martyrs for the purpose of making commemorations, there arose the occasion for writing the Martyrology. For since the number of Martyrs was very great (for no one can doubt that very many were killed in each province during those ten persecutions that they enumerate), and in the records of the Church the names of each and the days on which they had completed their martyrdom were noted; from these same ecclesiastical records, on the day before the birthday — as is done today in the Martyrology — the names were announced in Church of those whose birthdays were to be commemorated the following day, and whose commemoration was to be made together with the sacrifice.
5. That such ecclesiastical tables, in which the birthdays of individual Martyrs were recorded, were called Fasti by Tertullian, Pamelius notes excellently and learnedly in the said letter 37 of Cyprian. For Tertullian, in his book On the Soldier's Crown, chapter 13, says: "You have your own census records, your own Fasti: you have nothing to do with the joys of the world," etc. So writes Tertullian, because on the said birthdays of the holy Martyrs, Christians were accustomed to rejoice with mutual charity toward one another, and they were also accustomed to celebrate a banquet, which they called an Agape, in the very Memorial — that is, in the Church of the Martyr — although, as regards the place, the Council of Laodicea, canon 38, restricted that custom.
6. We find in Gregory Nazianzen, in his Poems, book 2, Historical, section 1, Poems about himself, poem 17, On the Differences of Life, or On Diverse Ways of Life and against False Bishops, verse 67, that such Agapes were called by another name: the sacred natal feast. The same author, in Oration 24, In Praise of Saint Cyprian, number 4, says this about the commemoration of Martyrs: "The memory of all the Martyrs is to be honored with joyful solemnity." In the same vein, Theodoret, in his work On the Knowledge of Evangelical Truth from Pagan Philosophy, or Cure of Greek Affections, in book or sermon 8, which is titled On the Martyrs, at the end, says this: "The Lord God made those (namely, the gods of the nations) vain and empty of glory, but gave their honor to these (the Martyrs). Instead of the Pandia, the Dasia, and the Dionysia (that is, the solemnities of Jupiter and Father Bacchus) and your other festivals, solemnities are celebrated with public feasting for Peter, Paul, Thomas, Sergius, Marcellus, Leontius, [Pantaleimon,] Antoninus, Maurice, and other holy Martyrs; and instead of that old pomp, instead of shameful obscenity and impudence, there are modest, chaste, and temperate festivals, not those awash in wine, not frivolous with revelries, not dissolved in laughter, but resounding with divine canticles, intent on hearing sacred sermons, in which prayers are sent up to God not without holy tears and sighs." So he writes. Similarly, Gregory of Nyssa, in his Life of the great Gregory surnamed Thaumaturgus, who lived in the times of Decius, writes this about the public rejoicing at the birthdays of the Martyrs instituted by him: "He descended again," he says, "to the city, and having traversed and surveyed every region round about, he established an addition and, as it were, a crowning of zeal toward the Divine — decreeing among all the peoples everywhere that feast days and solemn assemblies should be celebrated in the name of those who had fought for the faith. And when some had distributed the bodies of the Martyrs to various places, they gathered together through the cycle of the anniversary year, rejoicing and keeping holidays in honor of the Martyrs," etc. And a little further on: "For when he perceived that on account of bodily pleasures the simple and unlearned populace persisted in the error of idol worship, in order to achieve especially what was of primary importance — namely, that, leaving behind vain superstitions, they should be converted to God — he permitted them to gladden and delight themselves and to pour forth in joy in memory of the holy Martyrs." So writes the Nyssen, shortly before the end of the cited Life, in the translation of Sifanus. All of which we wished to quote for the exact explanation of the aforementioned statement of Tertullian — that is, that Christians had their own census records and fasti, and there was no reason for them to envy those vain joys; by fasti understanding, of course, the ecclesiastical tables in which the solemnities of Christians and the birthdays of the Martyrs were noted on fixed days, from which, as we have said, the origin of writing the Martyrology flowed. So much for these matters.
7. But venerable antiquity and the tradition flowing from the Apostles, always preserved and propagated, not only provided that the commemoration of the holy Martyrs should be observed with anniversary celebrations, but also that Memorials should be erected everywhere in their honor; for by that name our forebears designated the Churches that were consecrated to God in honor of the holy Martyrs, as Saint Augustine testifies in City of God, book 22, chapter 10. This praiseworthy custom appears to have had its beginning in the times of the Apostles, as has been said, on the occasion, namely, that the venerable bodies of the Martyrs were customarily placed beneath the altar, according to that passage of John in the Apocalypse, chapter 6, verse 9, as all the more ancient interpreters especially declare: "I saw beneath the altar the souls of those who had been slain on account of the word of God and on account of the testimony which they had." And since the altars themselves appeared to be the tombs of the Martyrs, and were accordingly considered illustrious memorials of the Martyrs, Churches were built over them for that same reason and were called Memorials of the Martyrs.
8. It also happened that the pious and ardent devotion of the faithful toward the Martyrs did not deem it sufficient if the Memorial of one or another Martyr was established in only one place, but desired more. For this reason, it was not permitted to erect an altar and build a Memorial in honor of a Martyr without relics of that same Martyr, ecclesiastical laws forbidding it (African Council, canon 50). Therefore, since relics taken from the body of a Martyr were placed in multiple altars, this resulted in there being said to be multiple tombs and Memorials of one and the same Martyr, and the number of sepulchers increased in proportion to the number of altars.
9. But from these facts the Innovators seized an occasion for calumny, so as to say — as foolishly as recklessly — that Catholics had used certain tricks to represent the body of one Martyr as being located in different places; not knowing, or pretending not to know, that we do not say there is one and the same complete body in different tombs, but that in each tomb, as has been said, relics of one Martyr are preserved, and that consequently the same honor is paid to them as if the entire body were present. For it is the judgment of Gregory Nazianzen, in Oration 4, Against Julian 1, number 69, that any drops of a Martyr's blood and small tokens of their suffering produce the same virtues as entire bodies; and therefore it is not unfitting that multiple monuments of one Martyr should be seen to have been erected, since otherwise, unless the Christian law prohibited it, it would not even seem unfitting for Memorials to be raised to them without their relics, as witnesses of their outstanding virtue and of the benefits obtained through their assistance. For, if it is permitted to adduce a profane example for sacred matters, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, concerning the many tombs of Aeneas and others, gives this very same explanation in book 1 of his Roman History, or Roman Antiquities, chapter 54, number 1, speaking thus: "If anyone is perplexed by the fact that tombs of Aeneas are reported and shown in many places, and yet he could have been buried in only one, let him consider that this doubt is common..., and understand that although a single place holds the bodies of such men, among many peoples monuments have been made to them in gratitude for some benefit received." So he writes.
10. But we shall treat of the care of the sacred relics of the holy Martyrs at the end of this treatise on the Martyrology.
Chapter V: By Whom Martyrologies Were First Written
The first of all who devoted effort to writing a Martyrology is proclaimed by everyone to be Eusebius Pamphili, Bishop of Caesarea. For this is first of all attested in the letter that circulates under the name of Saint Jerome to Chromatius and Heliodorus, whose authenticity we shall discuss below. Bede professes the same, in his book of Retractions on the Acts of the Apostles, chapter 1, 13; so too Walafrid Strabo, in his book On Ecclesiastical Matters, chapter 28, at the end; and finally all more recent authors, and most recently Molanus, in the little book he wrote On Martyrologies, chapter 2.
2. After Eusebius, all the same authorities affirm that Saint Jerome accomplished the same task — not that he was the author of it, but that he translated the Martyrology, written in Greek by Eusebius, and gave it to the Latins. For Bede, in the passage cited above, says in these words: "And the book of the Martyrology, which is entitled with the name and preface of blessed Jerome, agrees with them; although the same Jerome is reported to have been not the author but the translator of that book, while Eusebius is reported to have been the author." So writes Bede. Walafrid likewise, in the same sense, says in the passage cited above: "Jerome wrote the Martyrology, following Eusebius of Caesarea, through the cycle of the year, having been asked by Bishops Chromatius and Heliodorus on that occasion to compose the work, because the devout Emperor Theodosius, in a Council of Bishops, praised Gregory, Bishop of Cordoba, because every day, in celebrating Mass, he would commemorate very many names of those Martyrs whose birthdays it was." So far he writes, and from no other source than from the said letters, which to this day are customarily prefixed to published Martyrologies; which we also transcribe here with their titles, so that a more exact and certain knowledge of the truth of the matter may be obtained.
3. They are as follows:
"Letter of Bishops Chromatius and Heliodorus to Blessed Jerome on the Work of Compiling the Martyrology
To the Lord, holy Father Jerome,
Chromatius and Heliodorus, Bishops, greetings in the Lord.
When the most devout Emperor Theodosius had entered the city of Milan and had invited all the Bishops of Italy to himself, and was inquiring on account of certain Bishops who had stained their souls with the dregs of Arianism, it happened that our humble selves were also present at that same Council. In which, when what was to be said had been said and what was to be defined had been defined, the most Christian Prince began to commend Saint Gregory, Bishop of the Church of Cordoba, because every day, whether celebrating the morning Mass when not fasting, or the evening Mass when fasting, he would commemorate very many names of those Martyrs whose birthdays it was. And so it came about that we all resolved to write to your charity, that you might seek out from the archive of Saint Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, the most famous Calendars, and send to us the feasts of the Martyrs; so that we might, through your holy industry, more perfectly render this service to the Martyrs for the honor of God."
Thus far their letter.
4. There follows a letter under the name of Jerome, marked with this title:
"Blessed Jerome's Response to the Same on This Very Matter
To Chromatius and Heliodorus, holy Bishops,
Jerome, Priest.
It is established that our Lord Jesus Christ receives every day the triumphs of His Martyrs, whose sufferings we find written by Saint Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea. For when the Emperor Constantine had entered Caesarea and told the aforementioned Bishop to request certain favors that would benefit the Church of Caesarea, Eusebius is recorded as having replied: that the Church, enriched by its own resources, was under no necessity of requesting favors. However, he had one unshakable desire: that whatever had been done throughout the Roman Empire regarding the Saints of God, the judges succeeding judges throughout the entire Roman world should seek out by careful investigation, examining the public records; and that those who had obtained the palm of their suffering — from which judge, in which province or city, on which day, and with what perseverance — should be extracted from the very archives and sent by royal command to Eusebius himself. Hence it came about that, being a competent reporter, he both composed the Ecclesiastical History and, as a diligent historiographer, set forth the triumphs of nearly all the Martyrs of all the Roman provinces; so that every day, while offering the sacrifice to God, they might remember their names, recalling those who on the very day the sacrifice was offered had stood as victors over the devil and, exulting and triumphing in the victory of their martyrdom, had reached Christ their King. For this reason we have written down the feasts of each month and each day, as you deigned to command, believing that there will be a perennial memorial of our humble self, since the holy names of the Saints will have been festively celebrated on all days throughout so many years. And since for each day the names of more than eight hundred and nine hundred Martyrs from diverse provinces and diverse cities are named, so that there is no day which cannot be found to have five hundred inscribed, except the day of the Kalends of January — considering that, among such innumerable throngs, the reader's mind could grow weary within one month, lest this happen, I have briefly and succinctly mentioned only those who have the most celebrated feasts in their proper places, so that, with tedium removed, one small book written for all may suffice. Indeed, in the first part of the little book we have written down the feasts of all the blessed Apostles, so that various days may not seem to divide those whom the one dignity of the Apostolate has made sublime in heavenly glory."
5. Thus far the letter written under Jerome's name; with which, at first glance, Cassiodorus also seems to agree, more ancient than all the aforementioned Authors. For in his book On the Institution of Divine Readings or Letters, chapter 32, he says this: "And therefore, mindful of future blessedness, read constantly the lives of the Fathers, the confessions of the faithful, the passions of the Martyrs (which, among other things, you will undoubtedly find in the letter of Saint Jerome addressed to Chromatius and Heliodorus) — those who flourished throughout the whole world — so that holy imitation, stirring you up, may lead you to the heavenly kingdom." So he writes. Johannes Molanus, a man indeed pious and learned, in his treatise that he wrote On Martyrologies, which he enlarged and placed in the appendix of his second edition of Usuard, chapter 2, just as he thinks the aforementioned letters recently quoted are not by the named Bishops nor by Jerome, but were composed under their names, so too he does not think that Cassiodorus understood it to refer to the letter written under Jerome's name. Certainly I am not unwilling to agree with Molanus's opinion.
6. But since the aforementioned letters seem to have been accepted from antiquity and almost prescribed by the long passage of time, and have a weighty advocate in Walafrid Strabo, who is known to have flourished eight hundred years ago, and whose weighty testimony regarding the said letters we have cited, the matter does not seem one to be treated superficially; rather, it will be worthwhile to examine their authenticity more carefully and investigate more scrupulously, and to bring and compare them against the Lydian stone — that is, against the exact historical reckoning of events and dates — so that what is true and what is spurious may very easily be discerned.
7. We shall therefore treat of each matter individually, and first of all, what the so-called Martyrology of Eusebius was and what it was like; and at the same time we shall treat of Jerome's translation, and finally of the authenticity of the aforementioned letters.
Chapter VI: On the Book of Eusebius on the Martyrs and Jerome's Translation
It is entirely certain that those are in error who thought that Eusebius's book On the Martyrs was nothing other than a compendious collection of all the holy Martyrs, composed with that brevity with which Martyrologies are known to be written; and that for this reason his book written On the Martyrs has been called a Martyrology by many.
2. But let us seek testimony for how falsely these things are said from none other than the very author of the book, Eusebius himself. For he mentions it quite frequently in his books of Histories, and describes its character in no obscure terms. And first indeed, in book 4, chapter 15, near the end, when he treats of Pionius, a most illustrious Martyr, he says this: "What manner of death he died and how remarkable it was, besides all the other things he did with such great admiration, we refer those who wish to know to the little book published by us, On the Martyrdoms of the Ancient Saints, compiled into one work, which indeed most fully embraces all his deeds." The same author, in book 5, in the preface or chapter 1, treats of the same work in these words: "That entire letter, namely of the Church of Lyons, which contains a most accurate explanation of these matters, has been placed in the book On the Martyrs composed by us, which contains not only a true narrative of deeds done but also illustrious examples of virtues suited to living a pious life; yet whatever seems pertinent to this present work, I shall, drawing from that same source, bring together in this place of our History." And further, in the same book 5, chapter 4, near the end, in this manner: "It is very easy," he says, "for anyone who wishes, to learn these things most fully, provided he is willing to carefully examine that letter which, as has been said, we placed in our book On the Martyrs." So he writes. From all of which it is plainly concluded that Eusebius's book On the Martyrs was so far from being a compendious narrative reduced from the Acts of the Martyrs that, rather, with respect to its length, the History books of the same Author appear to have been, in what pertains to the Martyrs, an epitome of it.
3. But let us hear the rest, by which the same points are made more certain. The same Eusebius, in the same book 5, chapter 21, when he treats of Apollonius the Senator and Martyr, has this at the end: "But the words of this man before the judge, and the answers he gave to the questions of the judge Perennius, and the apologetic speech delivered before the Senate — if anyone should wish to know them accurately, he will clearly learn them from our book which we composed On the Ancient Martyrs." Thus far Eusebius on that book. How great, then, must we think that volume was, which contained not only the very Acts of the Martyrs — the questions and answers, and everything else pertaining to their martyrdom — but also had the apologies themselves transcribed, if not of others, at least of Apollonius? Saint Jerome, speaking of Apollonius in his book On Ecclesiastical Writers, chapter 42, says this: "Having been commanded to give an account of his faith, he composed a remarkable volume, which he read before the Senate," etc. From all this, then, it can be understood more than conspicuously enough what kind and how great Eusebius's book On the Martyrs was. By which considerations, first of all, those are convicted of error who thought it was nothing other than a brief Martyrology, and that the same was translated into Latin by Saint Jerome and given to the Latin Churches for reading.
4. Again, from these very facts the imposture of that letter is detected, which, written under Jerome's name, was quoted above, in which it is said that Eusebius, through the agency of the Emperor Constantine, collected the Martyrs of the entire Christian world and in that book recorded their struggles. In what way, I ask, could one book, a single volume, have been able to contain the Acts of so many Martyrs, when it could scarcely have sufficed merely to list their names? Indeed, if the deeds of the holy Martyrs of the entire Catholic Church were to be written by him as fully as he did for others, not one book, not a hundred (I say boldly), not even a thousand would have sufficed; indeed, one might even borrow that Evangelical hyperbole, from John, chapter 21, verse 25: nor could the world itself have contained the books that would have been written on that subject.
5. But as regards Jerome, we would by no means say, with those others, that he translated that book of Eusebius On the Martyrs into Latin. For how could a single letter, which Cassiodorus testifies he composed on this matter, have encompassed such a very large volume? Rather, it is to be supposed that Jerome reduced that book of Eusebius to a brief summary, and that the work itself was afterwards called a Martyrology and given Jerome's name.
6. But although these considerations seem sufficient to demonstrate the imposture of the aforementioned letters, nevertheless, so that no room for doubt may remain and everything may be as clear as daylight in the truth of the matter, come, let us discuss somewhat more fully the individual points contained in them.
Chapter VII: On the Authenticity of the Letters Inscribed under the Names of Chromatius, Heliodorus, and Jerome
As regards the letter written under the names of Bishops Chromatius and Heliodorus to Jerome, you will easily detect the imposture from its very inscription, if you take into account the manner of speaking in those times, since in it the aforementioned Bishops — indeed, the Synod itself (for they profess to write in the name of the Synod they allege) — address Jerome the Priest as "Father"; of which nomenclature you will find absolutely no example among the writers of those times, such that in the inscription of a letter Bishops or the Synod itself would call a Priest of whatever merit "Father," when otherwise they were accustomed to call even the Bishops and Patriarchs of the most prominent sees nothing more than "Brothers."
2. There is mention in the same letter of a certain Council convened at Milan from all the Bishops of Italy, with the Emperor Theodosius present. But you should not doubt that this is a fabrication. For how could it happen that so celebrated a Synod should have so fallen from the records of writers, been so wrapped in silence, that none of the writers of those times — whose number was certainly not small — mentioned it even by name? But these things will become more evident if exact account is taken of the chronology of Jerome's writings. When, I ask, do they claim this Synod was assembled before Theodosius at Milan? Was it when he first came to Italy from Constantinople, in the tenth year of his reign, to fight against the tyrant Maximus? Certainly that this cannot be said is strongly contradicted by what Saint Jerome writes. For when, in his book On Ecclesiastical Writers, at the end, or chapter 135, he lists all the works he had produced up to the fourteenth year of the same Emperor Theodosius, he has not a word about that book On the Martyrs having been written or translated by him — which those very letters that have been quoted indicate was written immediately after that Synod. From which it sufficiently appears that the said fictitious Synod cannot be referred to Theodosius's first arrival at Milan.
3. But if they say that the same Synod was celebrated at Milan on Theodosius's second visit (for it is certain that he came to Italy only twice after assuming the Empire), when he again descended from the East to Italy to defeat the tyrant Eugenius — then certainly the chronology contradicts this. Theodosius descended into Italy with his army in the sixteenth and last year of his reign; and fighting with Eugenius, he defeated him on the sixth day of September; thence he went to Milan. But what was done by him there until the seventeenth day of January, on which he departed this life, is exactly described by Ambrose in the Oration he delivered at his funeral, and by other writers of those times; so much so that it is evident there was no remaining time for convening such a Council.
4. From these facts, therefore, that entire fabrication about letters issued from the aforesaid Synod, and other things contained in those same letters, is detected in perfectly clear light — such as what is contained in them about Gregory, Bishop of Cordoba, celebrating morning and evening Masses. For Augustine, who lived in those same times, seems to testify that this was customarily done in the Catholic Church only on Thursday of Holy Week, at the Lord's Supper, writing to Januarius, letter 54 (alias 118), chapter 5 or numbers 6 and 7; although we know that in former times, in the days of Cyprian, morning and evening Sacrifice was in use in Africa, as the same Cyprian testifies writing to Caecilius, letter 63 of the Pamelius edition, numbers 15 and 16, which custom Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, book 7, chapter 19, attests continued only among the Egyptians; although we also know that in the Council of Agde, canon 30, according to the reading of more recent editors, there is mention of morning and evening Masses, and from that source in Gratian's Decree, part 3, On Consecration, distinction 5, part 4, canon 13, Convenit ordinem Ecclesiae. But we do not press this point, since we know that the custom of ecclesiastical rites varied among different Churches. The imposture is also detected in what is said about Gregory, that he celebrated the birthdays of the Martyrs even during times of fasting; for the ancient canons testify that the practice of the Church was different from this: the Council of Laodicea, canon 51; in the Collection of Martin of Braga, canon 48; and in Gratian's Decree, part 2, causa 3, question 4, part 3, canons 8-9, "It is not fitting in Lent" and "It is not permitted in Lent."
5. Moreover, the fact that in both the said letter of the Bishops and in the one returned under Jerome's name to the same, Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea, is commended with the title of holiness, is regarded as quite monstrous. For although the title of sanctity formerly seemed more common, so that it was given not only, as today, to those Christians who have departed this life and reign with Christ in heaven, but also to any of the faithful who lived a more praiseworthy life, nevertheless no one can rightly say that it was ever given to a heretical man. But let us hear from Jerome himself with what titles he was accustomed to name Eusebius; writing to Pammachius and Oceanus, letter 84 (alias 65), number 2, he says this about him: "He is the most open champion of the impiety of Arius," etc. At the end he also has more to the same effect. In his Apology against Rufinus, book 1, number 8, he says this about the same man: "Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea, once the standard-bearer of the Arian faction"; and in book 2, number 15, he calls him the leader of the Arians. The same Jerome, writing to Ctesiphon, now letter 132, number 3, speaking of his writings: "That he was an Arian," he says, "no one is unaware." And to the monks Minervius and Alexander, letter 119 (alias 152), number 11, he openly testifies that he erred in the truth of doctrine. See, then, with what titles, and how different from the praise of holiness, Eusebius is addressed by Jerome, so that from these at least you may clearly recognize that the author of that letter was someone far different from Jerome; and even if nothing else sufficed and everything else about him agreed, anyone who reads that letter will very easily recognize from the style of expression that it is far different from his. So much for the words.
6. But if you examine the very facts recorded in that letter, you will understand the imposture more and more. For if the things the author narrates about the dealings between the Emperor Constantine and Eusebius are true, what such great modesty would Eusebius have shown — who always appeared an outstanding proclaimer of his own praises — as to pass them over in silence, when a convenient occasion for repeating them presented itself so often, every time he treats of the book he wrote On the Martyrs? For he was accustomed to narrate the things done by him with Constantine, to extol them, and to press them frequently, as in his Life of Constantine, book 2, chapters 45, 46, and 47; book 3, chapters 57, 59, 60, 61, and 62; and book 4, chapters 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36. As for the author, whoever he was, making an exception in that same letter for the Kalends of January, as if no Martyr suffered on that day — how mendacious and frivolous that exception about the Kalends is, consult what is noted below under January 1, note b.
7. We judge that these points are now sufficient, even though others remain, to convict the aforementioned letters of falsity.
Chapter VIII: On the Ancient Roman Martyrology, Frequently Enlarged
Some have thought, as we have seen, that Eusebius was the first of all writers of the Martyrology; but we have demonstrated above, from the oft-repeated and attested statement of that same Author, that he did not even write a Martyrology. For it has been sufficiently stated above that the Acts of the holy Martyrs were written by him most copiously, and not as a compendious narrative that could, in common parlance, be called a Martyrology.
2. But if he is to be called the author of the Martyrology merely because he wrote the deeds of the Martyrs, why should not the Protonotaries of the Holy Roman Church, for the same reason, rather be given the first place in this genre, and be called the first authors of writing the Martyrology? For they, as was said at the beginning of our narrative, at the start of the nascent Church under Pope Clement, performed this task more richly and diligently; and even though their records have been lost, no one will deny that at least the names of the Martyrs, which are still found listed in the Roman Martyrology, have remained intact. Hence we may rightly and justly say that the Roman Martyrology draws its origin and takes its beginning not from Jerome, not from Eusebius, but from the very Protonotaries of the Holy Roman Church, from the times of Saint Pope Clement onward; and it received additions at various times as the number of Martyrs and other Saints subsequently grew. And from that writing of Jerome, which Cassiodorus, in the passage cited above, chapter 32, calls a letter, Usuard testifies in the preface to his Martyrology that it was certainly a very brief little book. For we think that, if not before, at least then the Martyrs of the Eastern Church were added to it; for it can easily be understood that the Martyrs which Jerome summarily collected from Eusebius were for the most part those of the Eastern Church.
3. What the Roman Martyrology was like when thus enlarged, Pope Saint Gregory, writing to Eulogius, Bishop of Alexandria, letter 29, book 8 of the Register of Letters, Indiction 1, gave an exact account in these words: "We have," he says, "the names of nearly all the Martyrs collected in one codex, with their sufferings distinguished by individual days, and on every day we celebrate the solemnities of Mass in their veneration. However, in that same volume it is not indicated who suffered in what manner; only the name, place, and day of the suffering is set down. Hence it comes about that many from diverse lands and provinces are known to have been crowned with martyrdom on individual days, as I said. But we believe that you most blessed men have the same." Thus far Gregory; who, when he says he believes the same collection of Martyrs — which we call the Martyrology — is found with Eulogius, Bishop of Alexandria, and his other colleagues just as at Rome, seems to imply sufficiently that in the universal Church, in this respect too, the communion of Saints was manifest, so that those whom the Roman Church honored, the same were also venerated by other Churches far away.
4. This same simple Roman Martyrology without any other addition, and the same very brief one, in which only the names of the Martyrs, the place, and day of their suffering were set down — this is the very one that Ado mentions in the preface of his Martyrology in these words: "This work, so that the days of the Martyrs might be most accurately noted — which are often found in confusion in the Calendars — was assisted by a venerable and most ancient Martyrology, sent from the city of Rome to Aquileia by the Roman Pontiff to a certain holy Bishop, and afterwards lent to me for some days by a certain religious brother; which I, having carefully transcribed it while staying at Ravenna, thought should be placed at the head of this work." So writes Ado. However, in all the printed Martyrologies of Ado that I have seen, that very one received from Rome is missing. Mosander would certainly have done outstanding work, worthy of and desired by learned men, if he had published that distinguished monument of antiquity, which he testifies is found in his manuscript of Ado, together with the Martyrology of Ado itself, which he appended to the seventh volume of the Lives of the Saints after Surius.
5. However, after this, the copies of the Roman Martyrology began to differ, some of which remained without addition, in the same simplicity in which they were written; while others received various and diverse accessions over time. First, so that it would contain not only, as Gregory stated, the very names of the Martyrs and the day and places of their sufferings, but also — what seemed to be lacking — a very brief account of what each one suffered. It was also enlarged in the number of Saints, with other Martyrs and Confessors added, as the particular Martyrs of various Churches, whose birthdays were celebrated with annual solemnity, were joined to that ancient Martyrology. But since not all were added equally by all Churches (for to treat simultaneously of all the Martyrs of all the Churches seemed too lengthy and laborious), it happened that there were nearly as many copies of the Roman Martyrology as there were Churches, and they differed from one another. For, to adduce a sufficient example, the Church of the Prince of the Apostles in the Vatican used a different Martyrology from the other Churches of the City, for the aforesaid reason, which manuscript is preserved to this day in the library of that same Church.
6. But since the copies were not only diverse among themselves but also marvelously corrupted, it was most wisely decided that, just as all Churches are one body in Christ through the unity of the Catholic faith, joined together under one visible Head, so also, using one and the same corrected and augmented Martyrology, they should all equally praise God in His Saints with the same communion of Saints, one and the same rite, and one spirit. We know that in restoring it the talents of pious and learned men labored; and with the utmost diligence applied, by the collation of many ancient copies, the errors and faults that had crept in were cleaned and purged — yet in such a way that it was not desired to depart, as far as possible, from that ancient simple and unaffected style of expression. For you should know that so much was yielded to venerable antiquity that you may understand it was not the words but the errors that were found displeasing. It contains Martyrs collected from all the provinces of the Christian world. For the Roman Church itself, which by Apostolic authority presides over the rest and in maternal charity knows all the faithful to be its children, not only counted as its own the Martyrs who suffered at Rome, but rejoicing that it brought forth all peoples everywhere in sorrow, it cherishes them with a maternal embrace; and those whom it knows to have been crowned with triumphal crowns, placed in heavenly glory, it venerates with due religious devotion.
7. However, it is not possible to list the names of each and every one individually, both because, as Saint Gregory says in Homily 27 on the Gospels, number 4, the holy Martyrs themselves, countable by God, have been multiplied for us beyond the sand, for how many they are cannot be comprehended by us (for only He knows them who, as Psalm 146, verse 4 has it, counts the multitude of the stars and calls them all by name); and also because, according to the ancient rite of the Church, brevity was to be maintained. Nor, furthermore, should anyone wonder if in this very Roman Martyrology that we are treating, he sees passed over those most illustrious Martyrs whom, in our century, we know to have suffered the most atrocious punishments — as much as any Martyrs of old — for defending and propagating the Catholic faith, especially in England and in France at the hands of heretics, and to have been received into heaven, as is right to believe, among the other Martyrs with equal glory of triumph; nor should he find listed those who, like sons of thunder, in the likeness of flashing lightning, illuminated the New World with the Evangelical light and underwent martyrdom for the faith. For it was not, as it appears, the present intention of the Roman Church to write a new Martyrology, but to restore the old one from ancient copies, as we have said.
8. Concerning which we also think the reader must necessarily be informed that three editions of the Roman Martyrology have been made in Rome up to the present, and that the first and second are defective and not worthy enough to be printed again — whose fault this was, we prefer to pass over in silence. The third edition is purer and more genuine, produced in the year of our Lord 1584. For to that edition alone, as the legitimate and authentic one, were added the Apostolic Letters, issued on the fourteenth of January of that same year; and although some slight correction has been added from our Notes, or if anything is found to have been added (which you will find was done very rarely), let the reader understand that we did this by the constant will of him who holds the highest authority in the Church.
Chapter IX: On the Other Ancient Martyrologies
Although our chief purpose in this matter is to treat only of the Roman Martyrology, nevertheless we do not think it foreign to it if we briefly mention the others as well, especially since they all derive their origin from it and flow from it as streams from a fountain.
2. If anyone seeks more, there is on this subject a clear, pious, and very erudite work by the Reverend Johannes Molanus, a Louvain theologian, which he placed in his second edition of Usuard, with the title Appendix on Martyrologies. Concerning which we think the reader should be alerted to what seems worthy of admiration: namely, why he, in establishing a learned treatment of all the Martyrologies, nevertheless omitted to treat of the Roman Martyrology? This was done, know well, not from malice, or — far be it from a most pious man — from ill will, but because he thought that the Roman Church used no other Martyrology than that of Usuard. For he testifies to this in that same booklet, chapters 2 and 4, and thus, in treating of the Martyrology of Usuard, he thought the Roman one was thereby satisfied; for he believed that no other Roman Martyrology existed besides that which was printed at Venice, written, corrected, and published by Alexander de Peregrinis, a Priest of Brescia. For the very many ancient manuscript copies of the Roman Martyrology had escaped Molanus's notice, from which he could have more certainly understood what the genuine Roman Martyrology itself was and what it was like. A tolerable error and one deserving of pardon, since he, situated so far away, was unaware of things that those who lived at Rome could barely obtain with great labor, vigilant diligence, and the utmost industry.
3. I was indeed not a little pleased when recently, most opportunely — with the printer already engaged for the second edition — I learned from the letters of the Reverend Henricus Gravius, a Louvain theologian, that my conjecture and suspicion had been by no means vain or empty. For he writes to me that the Reverend Molanus, having received the recently published Roman Martyrology, had promptly revised and augmented his notes, which he had long since written on Usuard, and adapted and accommodated them to that same Martyrology, but that, he having been taken away by an untimely death, it was not possible to accomplish more. This was therefore the reason I began to correspond with the aforesaid Gravius, urging him not to fail to publish the monument of that most erudite man; for thus it would come about that, with the concurring testimony of two or three, the truth could be more firmly established. Indeed, I do not calmly allow even a brief note of so great a man, who deserved so well of the Church of God and of Catholic truth, to perish; to whom, I shall say frankly, I owe all these things in this respect, because he was the first to enter that densest forest and opened the way for me and others. For this reason, I and all the learned gladly acknowledge and confess that we owe him very much. It seemed appropriate to insert this here, partly for the sake of the good man's memory, and partly lest anyone, unaware of his purpose, might perhaps receive or interpret his actions differently from how the matter stands. But enough on that matter; let us now return to our subject.
4. After the Roman Martyrology, which we find was formerly published under the name of Jerome as well, that of Bede is placed first; concerning which the author of the catalog of his writings, which is found printed after Bede's preface to his book On the Reckoning of Times, says this: "He described a Martyrology of the birthday feasts of the Saints, in which he carefully endeavored to note not only on what day, but also by what kind of struggle, or under what judge, they conquered the world, for all he was able to find." So it reads there. In my opinion, Bede seems to have done nothing other than enlarge the Roman Martyrology — which, as we have seen, Saint Gregory mentioned and which was brought to England by Augustine or his successors — with some additions, which were somewhat more prolix, as is proved by the passages which Amalarius quotes from the same in On Ecclesiastical Offices, book 2, chapter 24, and On the Order of the Antiphonary, chapter 28. However, Ado testifies in the preface to his Martyrology that Bede left certain days empty of the names of Martyrs (the reason is unknown), and that these were filled by the additions of Florus. Usuard also mentions the same Florus, as does Sigebert, On Illustrious Men, chapter 92. He was a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict in the monastery of Saint Trudo, in the diocese of Liege, as Trithemius testifies in On Illustrious Men of the Order of Saint Benedict, book 2, chapter 44.
5. After Bede and Florus, about seventy years later, in the times of Charlemagne [or rather Charles the Bald], Usuard — himself also a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict, a Gaul by nation, as Trithemius relates about him in On Illustrious Men of the Order of Saint Benedict, book 2, chapter 29 — wrote a Martyrology and added what he saw had been passed over by others. For he himself testifies to this in his preface, when he says: "I was stirred by the pious, though concise, writings of the venerable Priests Jerome and Bede on this subject; of whom the former, striving for brevity, and the latter, leaving very many days untouched, are found to have passed over many necessary things of this work. Following them, however, I decided to follow also the broader footsteps of Florus, a memorable man, in that same enterprise, especially in his second book. For there he both corrected and added many things which he had omitted in the earlier one. But if anything in this work has been augmented or changed beyond what I received from them, it can be recognized as having been sought out by me through careful investigation." So writes Usuard; from which it is clear that the Martyrologies of the earlier writers were not only enlarged through his own but also corrected.
6. About fifty years after these, Wandelbert, a Deacon and monk of the monastery of Prum, who flourished under the Emperor Lothair in the year of our Lord 850, and was not undistinguished among the poets of those times, wrote a Martyrology in heroic verse, which Sigebert mentions in On Illustrious Men, chapter 128, and Trithemius at greater length in On Illustrious Men of the Order of Saint Benedict, book 2, chapter 36. This is thought to be the same work that is found in the first volume of Bede under the title Ephemerides of Bede, or Common Calendar called Ephemeris; but since in it certain things are mentioned that occurred after Bede's times, it is established that it is certainly not by Bede.
7. After the aforesaid, Ado, Bishop of Trier or rather of Vienne, a most praiseworthy man who flourished in the times of Pope Gregory VII, himself also writing the Martyrology more copiously, not only added what seemed to have been passed over by others, but also related more fully what had been said more briefly by the rest concerning the sufferings of the Martyrs. As for those who at various times after this were engaged in the same genre of writing (since we intend to treat only of the more ancient ones), whoever wishes to know may consult the aforesaid booklet of Molanus.
8. Furthermore, if anyone should seek the origin of all these Martyrologies that have been reviewed by us, and of those that were added afterwards, and should wish to trace them back to their beginning, he will find that all were produced from the Roman, like branches from a trunk. And even though (as happens with rivers, which, flowing from their source as a modest spring, though they swell with the addition of greater rivers, nevertheless not only do not lose the name they received from it but share it with the rest) they should take their name from their origin — all the aforesaid should be inscribed not with the name of Jerome, not of Bede or Florus, not of Usuard, Ado, or others, but should rather be designated with the title of the Roman Martyrology, enlarged by this or that author.
Chapter X: On the False Martyrs of the Heretics and Their Pseudo-Martyrologies
Having now narrated these things about the Roman Martyrology, drawn from the clear and pure fountains of the Catholic Church, and having shown what every pious person ought to follow, we think it not beside the point — indeed, we consider it worthwhile — to treat also of the false martyrs and pseudo-martyrologies written by heretics; and first to demonstrate that nowhere in the world, except in the Catholic Church, is there martyrdom with its crown.
2. There can be no long or ambiguous disputation on a question of this kind, which the Apostle already decided by his pronounced judgment, when writing to the Corinthians, First Epistle, chapter 13, verse 3, he says this about himself, lest any man flatter himself on whatever merit: "If I hand over my body so that I burn, but have not charity, it profits me nothing." So he says, and from no other source than the law of Christ, who says in Luke, chapter 11, verse 23: "He who is not with Me is against Me; and he who does not gather with Me scatters." More to the same effect is found in the Constitutions of Pope Clement I, or the Apostolic Constitutions, book 5, chapter 9.
3. But let us hear what Saint Cyprian writes on this subject to Antonianus, letter 52 of the Pamelius edition, part 2, number 17: "If," he says, "someone harshly and cruelly separated from the Church turns to pagan ways and worldly works, or, cast out from the Church, crosses over to heretics and schismatics — even if he should afterwards be killed on account of the Name, being established outside the Church and divided from unity and charity, he cannot be crowned in death." And at the end, or number 29: "But apostates and deserters, or adversaries and enemies who destroy the Church of Christ — even if they have been killed outside for the Name, cannot, according to the Apostle, be admitted to the peace of the Church, since they held neither the spirit nor the unity of the Church." So it reads there. The same, writing to Pope Cornelius, letter 54, number 4: "He cannot be fit for martyrdom," he says, "who is not armed by the Church for battle," etc. And to the same, letter 57, number 4: "Let no one flatter himself as if in confession of the Name, since it is established that if such persons are killed outside the Church, this is not the crown of faith but rather the punishment of perfidy; nor will those whom we see to have departed from the peaceful and divine house in the fury of discord dwell in the house of God among those of one accord." These and other things to the same effect he presses in his letter to Jubaianus, letter 73, number 21; in his book On the Lord's Prayer, number 24; and in his book On the Unity of the Church he repeatedly insists, as when he says, number 14: "He cannot be a Martyr who is not in the Church; he cannot attain to the kingdom who abandons her who is to reign." And shortly after, also number 14: "Those who refuse to be of one mind in the Church of God cannot remain with God. Though they burn in flames and, delivered to the fires or cast before wild beasts, lay down their lives — that will not be the crown of faith but the punishment of perfidy, not the glorious end of religious virtue but the destruction of desperation. Such a one can be killed; he cannot be crowned." So writes Cyprian, and much more to the same purpose. The same is said by Optatus of Milevis, On the Donatist Schism against Parmenian, book 3, chapter 8, when he says: "If you wish them to be Martyrs, prove that they loved peace, in which are the first foundations of martyrdom; or that they loved the unity pleasing to God; or that they had charity with their brethren, without which no martyrdom can be named or exist," etc. This same teaching Saint Augustine hammers home in nearly six hundred passages when dealing with the Donatists, which for the sake of brevity we omit to enumerate. John Chrysostom and Jerome said the same, as did all who have been Catholic Fathers in the Church.
4. But what more? The Church of God, just as it rejects all heretical pseudo-martyrs, so it does not accept all who appear to be Martyrs of the Catholic communion, but only those whom it knows to have been proven in charity just as in faith. For even among these, many motives for undergoing martyrdom can lurk that are displeasing to God; such were those whom Saint Augustine mentions in his Summary of the Conference with the Donatists, on the third day's conference, chapter 8 or number 13. In the same vein, Saint Jerome, in his Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians, book 3, chapter 5, verse 14, says this: "See how great a good charity is. If we have suffered martyrdom in such a way that we want our relics to be venerated by men; if, following the opinion of the crowd, we have shed our blood intrepidly and given away our substance even to our own beggary — for such a work not so much reward as punishment is owed, and these are the torments of perfidy rather than the crown of victory." So it reads there, and nearly the same below, in the same book 3, chapter 5, verse 26.
5. The Council of Laodicea, canon 34, calls the faithful away from the veneration of such pseudo-martyrs, as does the First Council of Carthage, canon 2, in these words: "Let no profane person bring infamy upon the dignity of the Martyrs, nor reduce to the rank of Martyrs those bodies that are merely passive, which have been commended to burial only on account of ecclesiastical mercy — so that he should call by the name of Martyrs those who were cast down by madness, or by some such compact, or who were separated by some other cause of sin, without proper reason or at the proper time when martyrdoms are celebrated. But if anyone, to the injury of the Martyrs, joins infamy to their glory, it is decreed that, if they are laypeople, they should be subjected to penance; but if they are Clergy, after warning and investigation, they should be deprived of their office. All said: 'Your holiness has rightly decreed. This has also been decreed in each of the Councils.'" Thus far the Council of Carthage, in the time of Constans, son of the Emperor Constantine. The holy Martyrs themselves also taught this same lesson by their example, for they refused, up to their very last breath, to communicate even by a word with heretics who, for the same cause of the Christian faith, were held imprisoned in the same jail, even though they were shortly to undergo the punishment of martyrdom — as Apollinaris, Bishop of Hierapolis, an ancient theologian, testifies in Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, book 5, chapter 16, at the end.
6. But when the heretics saw the Catholic Church of God abounding in spiritual charisms and ennobled by the innumerable trophies of the holy Martyrs, envying its glory, they too strove to fabricate Martyrs, to have pseudo-martyrs, and to compose false Martyrologies. Those who labored in this kind of madness were first of all the Marcionites, and then the Cataphrygians, who are also called Montanists; about whom the same Apollinaris cited above writes this: "Since all their arguments, which we set out above, have been thoroughly refuted, and they have nothing more to say, they take refuge in their Martyrs, and affirm that they have many Martyrs, and that this is a sure proof of the virtue and power that is in their prophetic spirit. But this, as it seems, is utterly alien to the truth. For not a few champions of other heresies boast that they have very many Martyrs; yet we shall not for that reason agree with them, nor shall we confess that they possess the truth. The Marcionites, who were the first to be named after the heresy of Marcion, proclaim that they abound in very many Martyrs of Christ; and yet they by no means confess Christ Himself as the truth demands." So writes Apollinaris in Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, book 5, chapter 16, near the end. Moreover, the same Cataphrygians against whom he writes, in order to amass a greater number of Martyrs, boasted as if from the Paraclete that one should not flee in time of approaching persecution, as you find not only expressed but also defended by Tertullian, when he himself was driven by the same furies of the evil spirit, in that book whose title is On Flight in Persecution.
7. Moreover, as for the character of those scoundrels who hunted for the glory of martyrdom, let it suffice for the present to adduce the example of Alexander the pseudo-martyr, about whom Apollonius, distinguished among the ancient ecclesiastical writers, writes the following in Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, book 5, chapter 18, before the middle: "Not to speak about many, let the prophetess herself tell us about the crimes of Alexander, who proclaims himself a Martyr, and whom she herself received familiarly at her table; whom also many others adore. His robberies and other kinds of villainy, for which he paid the penalties he deserved, it is not worth recounting, especially since they are recorded quite accurately in the public registers," etc.; and he proceeds with a longer history of his crimes.
8. Of the same kind were the pseudo-martyrs of the Novatians, against whom Cyprian frequently inveighs. Why should I mention the Euphemite heretics, who, on account of the multitude of their pseudo-martyrs, gave themselves the surname Martyrians? Epiphanius treats of them in his Panarion, heresy 80, number 2. Everyone knows also the Donatists, for whom, even though in a time of peace for the Church no persecutor was available, they were so captivated by the glory of insane martyrdom that they chose voluntary precipices, or in a thousand other ways deliberately sought self-inflicted deaths; about whom Optatus of Milevis, Augustine very frequently, and also Theodoret have written. The Arians too had their pseudo-martyrs, among whom that execrable butcher George, pseudo-bishop of Alexandria, excelled, about whom Epiphanius writes in his Panarion, heresy 76, against the Anomoeans, number 1; nor were the Priscillianists free from such monstrosities. But to review them all would be excessively lengthy. Yet we cannot conceal the extreme madness of the heretics of our own age, who (alas!) — weaving a catalog of apostates, sacrilegious men, assassins, villains, the most debased, and men stained with every filth — have themselves composed pseudo-martyrologies, a veritable stable of Augeas.
9. But what wonder? Wasps, as well as bees (says Tertullian, Against Marcion, book 4, chapter 5), have their honeycombs; and although in the construction of their cells they seem to imitate bees entirely, they do not, like bees, come together into one and the same hive. For they lack a beehive because they do not know unity. Nor moreover do they have honey to bring there; and although they have fashioned a comb with the utmost labor, weaving cell upon cell, it is always seen to be empty, dry, and devoid of honey. For the honeycomb is found only in the hive of the Church, which the Apostles offered to Christ after the Resurrection together with a piece of broiled fish — of which it is also written in the Song of Songs, chapter 4, verse 1: "I have eaten my honeycomb with my honey"; and the honeycomb of honey drawn from the lion's mouth by Samson (as the Book of Judges has it, chapter 14, verses 8-9) typically demonstrated that it was to be formed by the holy Martyrs in the rage of persecutors. For thus the honeycomb of the Church is so full of honey that it overflows; so abounding and overflowing with sacred charisms that it pours forth.
10. Hear what that summit of Theologians, Saint Gregory Nazianzen, says about the Martyrs of the Catholic Church, writing against Julian the Apostate: "By whom demons are driven out and diseases cured; whose apparitions and predictions; whose very bodies alone have the same power as their holy souls, whether touched by hands or honored; whose mere drops of blood and small tokens of suffering have the same power as whole bodies." So he writes, in Oration 4, Against Julian 1, number 69; but he treats the same subject more copiously in the Swan Songs, or Poems, book 1, Theological, section 2, Moral Poems, poem 10, verses 738-757, when he says: "These who, slain, are the glorious victors of Christ, illuminate nearly this entire world, like stars with serene splendors, with lofty thrones, teachings, assemblies, gatherings of entire families, and fitting hymns. And so frequent is the veneration of their struggles and combats that a tiny bit of dust, or relics of ancient bones [or a small lock of hair, or a cloth, or something marked with a sprinkling of blood], suffices for the honor of the whole. And I know that the mere name of some, entirely devoid of relics, has been bestowed in certain places as standing for the whole Martyr, and yet has obtained the same power. O wondrous thing! The mere remembrance brings salvation. What if I should recount the incredible cleansing of diseases and evil demons that proceeded from the tombs that were worthy to receive [the venerable bodies], resisting the assaults of those spirits? Such are the miracles of my athletes." So writes Gregory, in the passage cited above, On the Submission of the Soul, Chastity and Temperance, or On Virtue, from the edition of Leuvenklaius.
11. These are great things, but as regards relics, we add still greater ones: that not only do fine dust from the bones of Martyrs, a hair or a cheap cloth, and other more trifling memorials of these same Martyrs produce such effects; but even if flowers or other things of this kind are placed upon their tombs, they draw from the sacred relics within so great a power that they receive the ability to achieve the salvation of souls and bodies, and moreover to raise the dead. A rich witness to all these things is Saint Augustine, who in his City of God, book 22, chapter 8, numbers 2-22, and in other places, has pursued these matters at greater length.
12. But receive still greater things than these. The very dust that covers the tomb with age or that lies around it and is trodden underfoot has been accustomed, by the power of the Martyrs, to produce enormous miracles; for which reason Christians, making pilgrimage to the venerable tombs of the Martyrs, were accustomed to collect that holy dust as a great gift, to store it away like pearls of great price, to carry it with them, and to keep it at home for the purpose of winning for themselves the grace of the holy Martyrs. You have on this an outstanding testimony from Gregory of Nyssa, in his Oration In Praise of the Great Martyr Theodore, before the middle, speaking in this manner: "If anyone is permitted to carry away the dust that covers the repository where the Martyr's body rests, the dust is received as a gift and the earth is collected as a thing of great price to be stored away," etc. Moreover, how many and how great the miracles that God has been accustomed to work from the dust collected from the tombs of the Saints, consult the faithful witness who often experienced these things, Gregory of Tours, in On the Miracles of Saint Martin, book 1, chapters 2, 27, 28, 37, and 38; book 2, chapters 1, 12, 51, and 52; book 3, chapters 12, 43, 52, 59, and 60; and book 4, chapters 9, 25, 28, 32, 33, 37, 43 (alias 42), and 47 (alias 46); likewise Miracles, book 1, On the Glory of the Martyrs, book 1, chapters 7, 50, and 62; and book 2, On the Miracles of Saint Julian, chapters 24, 33, 44, and 45, where you will find wonders.
13. But what seems to surpass even all the aforementioned is that the very oil, which does not even touch the tombs of the Martyrs but burns in lamps around or above them, has been accustomed to obtain the very same grace of miracles that usually flows from the sacred body of the Martyr — as very many examples published among both Greeks and Latins on this matter declare. You have this testified to outstandingly, first of all, by Theodoret, in his History of the Holy Fathers, or Religious History, called Theophilus or Philotheus, chapter 21, on Jacob, where you will read wonders about the vial of oil collected from the lamps hung at the tombs of the Martyrs. Venantius Fortunatus himself also sang in excellent verse of the grace he obtained from that same oil, in his Life of Saint Martin, book 4, at the end, verses 686-701; with whom Paul the Deacon also agrees, in On the Deeds of the Lombards, book 2, chapter 13. Gregory of Tours narrates many things of this kind that happened in his own times, as in his book On the Glory of the Confessors, chapters 3, 9, 69, 70, and 100, and the same about wax, chapters 10 and 21, and in other places.
14. These are the honeys we have drawn, in passing, from the honeycombs of the Catholic Church, on the occasion of the aforesaid matters. But though the heretics may press and twist the combs of their wasps — dry and empty — there is no way they can extract even a single drop of divine power in the working of miracles. For God willed that signs and wonders of this kind should be manifested from the sacred relics of the Martyrs in order to establish the truth of the faith, as Saint Augustine teaches at length in City of God, book 22, chapters 9 and 10; and who doubts that those who have once fallen from that faith must necessarily lack these things?
15. To these things they soon reply with an evasion procured from divine Scripture (First Epistle to the Corinthians, chapter 14, verse 22), or rather a respectable flight: "Signs," they say, "are not for believers but for unbelievers." So too once said Vigilantius, against whom Jerome says: "I do not wish you to tell me: Signs are for unbelievers; but answer me how in the most worthless dust and I know not what ashes there is so great a presence of signs and powers. I perceive, I perceive, most wretched of mortals, what pains you, what you fear. That unclean spirit who compels you to write these things has often been tortured by this most worthless dust." So he writes, and much more of this kind, in his book Against Vigilantius, number 10.
16. Granted, let signs be for unbelievers, such as you boast that we are: certainly those signs are owed to us, who, not believing your false dogmas, so greatly oppose you and detest your pseudo-martyrs. Let those divine miracles be displayed by them which were once displayed by the holy Martyrs to the Gentiles — who did not believe, who detested and persecuted — so that they might believe, bless, and adore. If you strive so earnestly for us to agree with you, demonstrate at least one divine miracle produced from so great a throng of pseudo-martyrs. But what? Can they, as is said in Matthew, chapter 7, verse 16, gather grapes from thorns, or figs from thistles? Certainly, in the judgment of the Lord, in the same Matthew, chapter 7, verse 18: "A bad tree cannot bear good fruit."
17. But they have not only that with which to excuse their own, but also that with which to accuse ours. For when we bring forth miracles attested by certain faith from the holy Martyrs, what do they reply to this, except what their own patriarchs — the scribes and Pharisees — said against Christ the Lord: "By Beelzebub, the prince of demons, He casts out demons"? as Matthew has it, chapter 9, verse 34; Mark, chapter 3, verse 22; and Luke, chapter 11, verse 25. These same things the impious Porphyry once said (as Saint Jerome attests in his book Against Vigilantius, number 10), and Julian the Apostate against the Christians; these the heresiarch Eunomius, Vigilantius, Eustathius of Sebaste, and Claudius of Turin said against the Catholics; and finally the saints-fighters of our own times, the dregs of heretics, babble the same things along with the aforesaid. But I give thanks to my Christ, who, having Himself suffered these same calumnies, deigned to establish a brilliant defense for Himself and His Martyrs in the sacred Gospel, in Mark, chapter 3, verses 22-30, and Luke, chapter 11, verses 14-26, and to prepare a ready antidote for curing so great a madness of mind — which I only wish these wretched ones would use, so that at last, though late yet seriously, they might come to their senses.
18. But enough on these matters, and perhaps more than the plan of our work allows, since it is not my intention at present to dispute about dogmas. For while many most eloquent men have accomplished this, the Reverend Alan Cope especially — an ornament of the English [Catholic] Church — has been engaged in this genre of writing with great praise, having written in our times against pseudo-martyrologists of this kind most piously, most eloquently, and most clearly.
January
January 1
The Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the Octave of His Nativity.
At Rome, the passion of Saint Martina, Virgin and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Alexander, was tortured with various kinds of torments, and at last, struck by the sword, obtained the palm of martyrdom. Her feast, however, is observed on the thirtieth of January.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the burial of Saint Basil, surnamed the Great, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church; who, in the time of the Emperor Valens, distinguished by learning and wisdom and adorned with every virtue, shone forth marvelously, and defended the Church against the Arians and Macedonians with unconquerable constancy. His feast, however, is principally celebrated on the fourteenth of June, the day on which he was ordained Bishop.
At Mount Senario, in Etruria, the birthday of Saint Bonfilius, Confessor, one of the seven Founders of the Order of Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, having ardently venerated her, was suddenly called by her to heaven. His feast, together with that of his Companions, is celebrated on the twelfth of February.
At Rome, Saint Almachus, Martyr, who, when he said: "Today is the Octave of the Lord's Day; cease from the superstitions of idols and from polluted sacrifices," was for this reason, by the order of the Prefect of the City Alypius, killed by the gladiators.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the crowning of thirty holy soldier Martyrs, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Spoleto, Saint Concordius, Priest and Martyr, who, in the times of the Emperor Antoninus, was first beaten with clubs, then suspended on the rack, and afterwards wasted away in prison, where he was comforted by an angelic visitation, and finally ended his life by the sword.
On the same day, Saint Magnus, Martyr.
In Africa, blessed Fulgentius, Bishop of the Church of Ruspe, who, in the time of the Vandal persecution, on account of the Catholic faith and his outstanding learning, suffered many things from the Arians and was exiled to Sardinia; and at last, being permitted to return to his own Church, distinguished in life and word, he rested in a holy end.
At Chieti, in Hither Abruzzo, the birthday of Saint Justin, Bishop of that city, distinguished for the holiness of his life and for miracles.
In the territory of Lyons, at the monastery of Jura, Saint Eugendus, Abbot, whose life shone forth full of virtues and miracles.
At Souvigny, in Gaul, Saint Odilo, Abbot of Cluny, who was the first to order the Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed to be observed on the first day after the feast of All Saints in his monasteries; which rite the universal Church afterwards received and approved.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Vincent Mary Strambi, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, a member of the Congregation of the Cross and Passion of Jesus, distinguished for pastoral zeal, whom Pope Pius XII enrolled among the Saints.
At Alexandria, the burial of Saint Euphrosyne, Virgin, who was distinguished in a monastery for the virtue of abstinence and for miracles.
And elsewhere, many other holy Martyrs, Confessors, and holy Virgins.
R/. Thanks be to God.
Thus the reading of the Martyrology is always concluded.
January 2
The Octave of Saint Stephen, the First Martyr.
At Rome, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs, who, scorning the edict of the Emperor Diocletian by which the sacred Books were ordered to be handed over, preferred to give their bodies to the executioners rather than give holy things to the dogs.
At Antioch, the passion of blessed Isidore, Bishop.
At Tomis, in Pontus, the holy brothers Argeus, Narcissus, and the boy Marcellinus. The last, under Prince Licinius, when he had been seized among the recruits and refused to serve in the army, was beaten nearly to death and long wasted away in prison, and finally, plunged into the sea, completed his martyrdom; his brothers, however, were slain by the sword.
At Milan, Saint Martinianus, Bishop.
At Nitria, in Egypt, blessed Isidore, Bishop and Confessor.
On the same day, Saint Siridion, Bishop.
In the Thebaid, Saint Macarius of Alexandria, Priest and Abbot.
January 3
The Octave of Saint John, Apostle and Evangelist.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Saint Anterus, Pope and Martyr, who suffered under Julius Maximinus and was buried in the Cemetery of Callistus.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Florentius, Bishop, who, in the time of the Emperor Gallienus, was banished into exile and there consummated his martyrdom.
At the city of Aula, in Palestine, the passion of Saint Peter, who was put to death by the punishment of the cross.
In the Hellespont, the holy Martyrs Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Saint Gordius, Centurion and Martyr, in whose praise there exists a renowned oration of Basil the Great, delivered on his feast day.
In Cilicia, the holy Martyrs Zosimus and Athanasius the Commentariensis.
Likewise, Saints Theopemptus and Theonas, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, underwent an illustrious martyrdom.
At Padua, Saint Daniel, Martyr.
At Paris, Saint Genevieve, Virgin, who, consecrated to Christ by Blessed Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre, was renowned for her wondrous virtues and miracles.
January 4
The Octave of the Holy Innocents, Martyrs.
In Crete, the birthday of Saint Titus, who, ordained Bishop of the Cretans by the Apostle Paul, and, after having most faithfully completed the office of preaching, attained a blessed end and was buried in the church where he had been appointed a worthy minister by the blessed Apostle. His feast day, however, is celebrated on the eighth day before the Ides of February.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Priscus the Priest, Priscillian the Cleric, and Benedicta, a devout woman, who, in the time of the most impious Julian, completed their martyrdom by the sword.
Likewise at Rome, Blessed Dafrosa, wife of Saint Flavian the Martyr, and mother of Saints Bibiana and Demetria, Virgins and Martyrs; who, after the death of her husband, was first banished into exile, then, under the aforesaid ruler, was beheaded.
At Bologna, the holy Martyrs Hermes, Aggaeus, and Caius, who suffered under the Emperor Maximian.
At Hadrumetum, in Africa, the commemoration of Saint Mavilus, Martyr, who, in the persecution of the Emperor Severus, was condemned to the beasts by the most cruel governor Scapula and received the crown of martyrdom.
Likewise in Africa, the most illustrious Martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Eugenius, Marcianus, Quinctus, Theodotus, and Tryphon.
At Langres, in Gaul, Saint Gregory, Bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Rheims, in Gaul, Saint Rigobert, Bishop and Confessor.
January 5
The Vigil of the Epiphany of the Lord.
At Rome, Saint Telesphorus, Pope and Martyr, who, under Antoninus Pius, after many labors, underwent an illustrious martyrdom for the confession of Christ.
In England, the birthday of Saint Edward, King of the English and Confessor, who was distinguished by the virtue of chastity and the grace of miracles. His feast, however, by decree of Pope Innocent XI, is principally celebrated on the third day before the Ides of October, the day on which his sacred body was translated.
In Egypt, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs who, in the Thebaid, under the persecution of Diocletian, were slain by various kinds of torments.
At Antioch, Saint Simeon the Monk, who lived for many years standing on a column, whence he received the surname Stylites; whose life and manner of living was admirable.
At Rome, Saint Aemiliana, Virgin, aunt of Saint Gregory the Pope, who, at the call of her sister Tharsilla, who had gone before her to God, departed to the Lord on this very day.
At Alexandria, Saint Syncletica, Virgin, whose illustrious deeds Saint Athanasius committed to written record.
In Egypt, Saint Apollinaris, Virgin.
January 6
The Epiphany of the Lord.
At Florence, the birthday of Saint Andrew Corsini, a citizen of Florence, of the Order of Carmelites, Bishop of Fiesole and Confessor; whom Pope Urban VIII enrolled among the number of the Saints on account of his renowned miracles. His feast, however, is observed on the day before the Nones of February.
At Barcelona, in Spain, likewise the birthday of Saint Raymond of Penafort, of the Order of Preachers, Confessor, celebrated for his learning and holiness. His feast is celebrated on the tenth day before the Kalends of February.
In Africa, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs who, in the persecution of Severus, were bound to stakes and consumed by fire.
In the territory of Rheims, the passion of Saint Macra, Virgin, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, by order of the governor Rictiovarus, after being cast into the fire and remaining unharmed, then having her breasts cut off and being afflicted by the filth of prison, and even rolled upon sharpest potsherds and burning coals, at last departed to the Lord while praying.
At Rennes, in Gaul, Saint Melanius, Bishop and Confessor, who, after innumerable signs of virtuous power, continually intent upon heaven, departed gloriously from this world.
At Gera, in Egypt, Saint Nilammon, a recluse, who, while being dragged unwillingly to the episcopate, gave up his spirit to God in prayer.
January 7
The Return of the Child Jesus from Egypt.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Blessed Lucian, Priest and Martyr of the Church of Antioch, who, quite renowned for his learning and eloquence, suffered for the confession of Christ in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, and was buried at Helenopolis in Bithynia. Saint John Chrysostom celebrated his praises.
At Antioch, Saint Clerus, Deacon, who, for the glory of the confession, was tortured seven times and wasted away long in prison, and at last, beheaded by the sword, consummated his martyrdom.
In the city of Heraclea, the holy Martyrs Felix and Januarius.
On the same day, Saint Julian, Martyr.
In Denmark, Saint Canute, King and Martyr.
At Pavia, Saint Crispinus, Bishop and Confessor.
In Dacia, Saint Nicetas, Bishop, who, by the preaching of the Gospel, rendered the fierce and barbarous nations mild and gentle.
In Egypt, Blessed Theodore the Monk, who flourished in holiness in the time of Constantine the Great; Saint Athanasius mentions him in the life of Saint Anthony.
January 8
At Venice, the deposition of Saint Lawrence Justinian, the first Patriarch of that city and Confessor; whom Pope Alexander VIII enrolled among the number of the Saints, as one most abundantly filled with learning and the heavenly charisms of divine wisdom. His feast, however, is principally celebrated on the Nones of September, the day on which he ascended the pontifical chair.
At Beauvais, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Lucian the Priest, Maximian, and Julian. The last two of these were slain by the sword by their persecutors; but Blessed Lucian, who had come into Gaul together with Saint Denis, himself also, after excessive slaughter, since he had not feared to confess the name of Christ with a living voice, received the same sentence as his companions.
In Libya, the holy Martyrs Theophilus, Deacon, and Helladius, who, first torn apart and pierced with very sharp potsherds, and at last cast into the fire, rendered their souls to God.
At Autun, Saint Eugenianus, Martyr.
At Hierapolis, in Asia, Saint Apollinaris, Bishop, who flourished in holiness and learning under Marcus Antoninus Verus.
At Naples, in Campania, the birthday of Saint Severinus, Bishop, who was the brother of Blessed Victorinus the Martyr; and, after the performance of many virtuous deeds, he rested, full of holiness.
At Metz, in Gaul, Saint Patiens, Bishop.
At Pavia, Saint Maximus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Regensburg, in Bavaria, Saint Erhard, Bishop.
Among the Noricans, Saint Severinus, Abbot, who spread the Gospel among that people and was called the Apostle of the Noricans. His body was divinely brought to Lucullanum near Naples, in Campania, and later translated from there to the monastery of Saint Severinus.
January 9
At Antioch, under Diocletian and Maximian, the birthday of Saint Julian, Martyr, and Basilissa, Virgin, the wife of Julian himself. She, having preserved her virginity together with her husband, ended her life in peace; but Julian (after a multitude of priests and ministers of the Church of Christ, who had fled to them on account of the savagery of the persecution, was burned by fire), by order of the governor Marcian, was tortured with very many torments and received the sentence of death. With him also suffered Anthony the Priest, and Anastasius, whom the same Julian had raised from the dead and made a partaker of the grace of Christ, and the boy Celsus with his mother Marcionilla, and seven brothers, and very many others.
At Smyrna, the holy Martyrs Vitalis, Revocatus, and Fortunatus.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Epictetus, Jucundus, Secundus, Vitalis, Felix, and seven others.
In Caesarean Mauritania, Saint Marciana, Virgin, who, delivered to the wild beasts, consummated her martyrdom.
At Sebaste, in Armenia, Saint Peter, Bishop, son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and likewise brother of Saints Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, Bishops, and of Macrina, Virgin.
At Ancona, Saint Marcellinus, Bishop, who (as Saint Gregory the Pope writes) delivered that city from a fire by divine power.
January 10
In the Thebaid, the birthday of Blessed Paul, the first Hermit, Confessor, who, from the sixteenth year of his age until his one hundred and thirteenth, remained alone in the desert; Saint Anthony saw his soul borne to heaven by Angels amid the choirs of Apostles and Prophets. His feast, however, is celebrated on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of February.
In Cyprus, Blessed Nicanor, who was one of the first seven Deacons; and, admirable for the grace of his faith and virtue, was most gloriously crowned.
At Rome, Saint Agatho, Pope, who, distinguished for his holiness and learning, rested in peace.
At Bourges, in Aquitaine, Saint William, Bishop and Confessor, renowned for signs and virtues; whom Pope Honorius III enrolled in the canon of Saints.
At Milan, Saint John the Good, Bishop and Confessor.
At Constantinople, Saint Marcian, Priest.
In the monastery of Cuxa, in Gaul, the birthday of Saint Peter Orseolo, Confessor, who, formerly Doge of Venice and then a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict, was renowned for his piety and virtues.
At Arezzo, in Tuscany, Blessed Gregory X, a citizen of Piacenza, who, having been proclaimed Supreme Pontiff from being Archdeacon of Liege, celebrated the Second Council of Lyons, and, having received the Greeks into the unity of the faith, having settled the dissensions among Christians, and having instituted the recovery of the Holy Land, deserved most excellently of the universal Church, which he governed most holily.
January 11
At Rome, Saint Hyginus, Pope and Martyr, who gloriously consummated his martyrdom in the persecution of Antoninus.
Likewise at Rome, the birthday of Saint Miltiades, Pope and Martyr, who suffered many things in the persecution of Maximian, and, after peace was restored to the Church, rested in the Lord. His feast, however, is celebrated on the fourth day before the Ides of December.
At Fermo, in Picenum, Saint Alexander, Bishop and Martyr.
At Amiens, in Gaul, Saint Salvius, Bishop and Martyr.
In Africa, Blessed Salvius, Martyr, on whose feast day Saint Augustine delivered a sermon to the people of Carthage.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Peter, Severus, and Leucius.
At Brindisi, Saint Leucius, Bishop and Confessor.
In Judea, Saint Theodosius, Head of the Cenobites, born in the village of Magariassus in Cappadocia; who, having suffered much for the Catholic faith, at last rested in peace in that monastery which he had built upon a solitary mountain in the diocese of Jerusalem.
In the Thebaid, Saint Palamon, Abbot, who was the master of Saint Pachomius.
At Suppentonia, near Mount Soracte, Saint Anastasius the Monk, and his Companions; who, divinely called, happily departed to the Lord.
At Pavia, Saint Honorata, Virgin.
January 12
At Rome, Saint Tatiana, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Alexander, was torn with hooks and combs, exposed to wild beasts and cast into the fire, but harmed in no way, and at last, struck with the sword, departed to heaven.
At Constantinople, Saints Tigrius the Priest, and Eutropius the Lector; who, in the time of the Emperor Arcadius, when they had been falsely accused regarding the fire by which the principal church and the Senate house had been burned, as though it had been started by them to avenge the exile of Saint John Chrysostom, suffered under Optatus, the Prefect of the city, who was entangled in the superstition of vain gods and a hater of the Christian religion.
In Achaia, Saint Satyrus, Martyr, who, when passing before a certain idol, breathed upon it, signing his forehead with the cross, and immediately the idol fell down; for which cause he was beheaded.
On the same day, Saint Arcadius, Martyr, renowned for his lineage and miracles.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Castulus, and a company of forty Soldiers.
At Tivoli, Saint Zoticus, Martyr.
At Ephesus, the passion of forty-two holy Monks who, on account of the veneration of holy Images, under Constantine Copronymus, were most cruelly tortured and completed their martyrdom.
At Ravenna, Saint John, Bishop and Confessor.
At Verona, Saint Probus, Bishop.
In England, Saint Benedict, Abbot and Confessor.
January 13
The Octave of the Epiphany of the Lord.
At Poitiers, in Gaul, the birthday of Saint Hilary, Bishop and Confessor, who, on account of the Catholic faith which he vigorously defended, was banished to Phrygia for four years, and there, among other miracles, raised a dead man. Pope Pius IX declared and confirmed him a Doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Rheims, in Gaul, likewise the birthday of Saint Remigius, Bishop and Confessor. He converted the nation of the Franks to Christ, having initiated Clovis, their King, in the sacred waters of baptism and the sacraments of the faith; and, having completed very many years in the episcopate, distinguished for his holiness and the glory of his miracles, he departed from life. His feast, however, is principally observed on the Kalends of October, the day on which his sacred body was translated.
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, the crown of forty holy Soldiers, which they themselves, under the Emperor Gallienus, merited to receive for the confession of the true faith.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Gumesindus the Priest, and Servideus the Monk.
In Sardinia, Saint Potitus, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Antoninus and the governor Gelasius, having suffered many things, at last attained martyrdom by the sword.
At Singidunum, in Upper Moesia, the holy Martyrs Hermylus and Stratonicus, who, after cruel torments, under the Emperor Licinius, were drowned in the river Danube.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Saint Leontius, Bishop, who fought most vigorously under Licinius against the pagans, and under Constantine against the Arians.
At Trier, Saint Agritius, Bishop.
In the monastery of Versiacum, in Gaul, Saint Viventius, Confessor.
At Amasea, in Pontus, Saint Glaphyra, Virgin.
At Milan, in the convent of Saint Martha, Blessed Veronica of Binasco, Virgin, of the Order of Saint Augustine.
January 14
Saint Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, who flew to heaven on the day before this.
At Nola, in Campania, the birthday of Saint Felix, Priest, who (as Saint Paulinus the Bishop writes), after being sent to prison by his persecutors following torments, and lying bound upon snails and potsherds, was loosed and led out by an Angel during the night; and afterwards, when the persecution had ceased, there, having converted many to the faith of Christ by the example of his life and teaching, he rested in peace, renowned for his miracles.
In Judea, Saint Malachi the Prophet.
On Mount Sinai, thirty-eight holy Monks, slain by the Saracens on account of the faith of Christ.
In the region of Raithu, in Egypt, forty-three holy Monks, who were killed by the Blemmyes for the Christian religion.
At Milan, Saint Datius, Bishop and Confessor, whom Blessed Gregory the Pope mentions.
In Africa, Saint Euphrasius, Bishop.
At Neocaesarea, in Pontus, Saint Macrina, disciple of Blessed Gregory Thaumaturgus, and grandmother of Saint Basil, who raised the same Basil.
January 15
Saint Paul, the first Hermit, Confessor, who on the fourth day before the Ides of January was translated to the ranks of the blessed.
In the territory of Angers, Blessed Maurus, Abbot, who was a disciple of Saint Benedict; and, instructed in his disciplines from infancy, he showed how greatly he had advanced in them, among other deeds he performed while with him (a thing new and almost unheard of since Peter), by walking upon the waters with his feet. Sent from there into Gaul by Benedict himself, he built a famous monastery, over which he presided for forty years, and, renowned for the glory of his miracles, rested in peace.
In Judea, Saints Habakkuk and Micah the Prophets, whose bodies were discovered by divine revelation under Theodosius the Elder.
At Cagliari, in Sardinia, Saint Ephisius, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the judge Flavian, having overcome very many torments by divine power, at last, having had his head cut off, departed victorious to heaven.
At Anagni, Saint Secundina, Virgin and Martyr, who suffered under the Emperor Decius.
At Nola, in Campania, Saint Maximus, Bishop.
At Clermont, in Gaul, Saint Bonitus, Bishop and Confessor.
In Egypt, Saint Macarius, Abbot, who was a disciple of Blessed Anthony, and was most celebrated for his life and miracles.
At Alexandria, Blessed Isidore, renowned for the holiness of his life, his faith, and his miracles.
At Constantinople, Saint John Calybites, who for some time lived unknown to his parents in a corner of his father's house, and then in a hut; recognized by them at his death, he was renowned for his miracles. His body was afterwards translated to Rome and placed in the church erected in his honor on the Tiber Island.
January 16
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of Saint Marcellus I, Pope and Martyr; who, for the confession of the Catholic faith, by order of the tyrant Maxentius, was first beaten with clubs, then assigned to the service of animals under public custody, and there, serving while clothed in a garment of haircloth, he died.
At Morocco, in Africa, the passion of the five holy Protomartyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, namely Berard, Peter, and Otto, Priests, Accursius and Adjutus, Laymen; who, on account of the preaching of the Christian faith and the reprobation of the Mohammedan law, after various torments and mockeries, were slain by the King of the Saracens, their heads having been split with the sword.
At Rhinocolura, in Egypt, Saint Melas, Bishop, who, under Valens, having suffered exile and other grievous things for the Catholic faith, rested in peace.
At Arles, in Gaul, Saint Honoratus, Bishop and Confessor; whose life was illustrious both for learning and for miracles.
At Oderzo, in the territory of the Venetians, Saint Titian, Bishop and Confessor.
At Fondi, in Latium, Saint Honoratus, Abbot, whom Blessed Gregory the Pope mentions.
In the fortress called Maceriae, on the river Alteia, in Gaul, Saint Fursey, Confessor, whose body was afterwards translated to the monastery of Peronne.
At Rome, Saint Priscilla, who devoted herself and her possessions to the pious service of the Martyrs.
January 17
In the Thebaid, Saint Anthony, Abbot, who, the Father of many monks, lived a life most illustrious in virtue and miracles; whose deeds Saint Athanasius recounted in a renowned volume. His sacred body, moreover, was discovered by divine revelation under the Emperor Justinian and brought to Alexandria, where it was buried in the Church of Saint John the Baptist.
At Langres, in Gaul, the holy triplets Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus; who, together with their grandmother Leonilla, were crowned with martyrdom in the time of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
At Bourges, in Aquitaine, the deposition of Saint Sulpicius, Bishop, surnamed the Pious, whose life and precious death are commended by glorious miracles.
At Rome, in the monastery of Saint Andrew, the Blessed Monks Anthony, Merulus, and John, about whom Saint Gregory the Pope writes.
In the borders of the region of Edessa, in Mesopotamia, Saint Julian the Hermit, surnamed Sabas, who, in the time of the Emperor Valens, raised up the Catholic faith, which had almost collapsed at Antioch, by the power of his miracles.
At Rome, the Finding of the holy Martyrs Diodorus the Priest, Marianus the Deacon, and their Companions, who attained martyrdom on the Kalends of December while Saint Stephen the Pope was governing the Church of God.
January 18
The Chair of Saint Peter the Apostle, on which he first sat at Rome. In the same place, the passion of Saint Prisca, Virgin and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Claudius, after many torments, was crowned with martyrdom.
In Pontus, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Moses and Ammonius, who, being soldiers, were first condemned to the mines and at last delivered to the fire.
In the same place, Saint Athenogenes, an ancient theologian, who, about to consummate his martyrdom by fire, joyfully sang a hymn, which he also left written for his disciples.
At Tours, in Gaul, Saint Volusian, Bishop, who, captured by the Goths, gave up his spirit to God in exile.
In the monastery of Lure, in Burgundy, Saint Deicola, Abbot, who, Irish by nation, was a disciple of Blessed Columban.
At Tours, in Gaul, Saint Leobardus, a recluse, who shone with wondrous abstinence and humility.
At Como, Saint Liberata, Virgin.
At Buda, in Hungary, Saint Margaret, Virgin, of the royal Arpad family, a nun of the Order of Saint Dominic, distinguished for the virtue of chastity and most strict penance, whom Pope Pius XII inscribed in the catalog of holy Virgins.
January 19
At Rome, on the Via Cornelia, the holy Martyrs Marius and Martha, husband and wife, and their sons Audifax and Abachum, noble Persians; who had come to Rome in the time of Emperor Claudius, for prayer. After they endured clubs, the rack, fire, iron claws, and the cutting off of hands, Martha was drowned in the Nympha; the others were beheaded, and their bodies burned.
Likewise, Saint Canute, King and Martyr.
At Smyrna, the birthday of Blessed Germanicus, Martyr, who, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius, when he was flourishing in the beauty of his youthful age, was condemned by the judge, and, by the grace of God's power, banishing the fear of bodily frailty, voluntarily provoked the beast prepared for him; crushed by its teeth, he merited to be incorporated into the true Bread, the Lord Jesus Christ, dying for Him.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Paul, Gerontius, Januarius, Saturninus, Successus, Julius, Catus, Pia, and Germana.
At Spoleto, the passion of Saint Pontian, Martyr, who, in the time of Emperor Antoninus, was most severely beaten with rods by the judge Fabianus for the sake of Christ, and was ordered to walk barefoot over burning coals; but being unharmed by the coals, he was ordered to be hung on the rack and torn with iron hooks, and then thrown into prison, where he was worthy to be comforted by an angelic visitation; and after being exposed to lions and doused with molten lead, he was finally struck with the sword.
At Lodi, in Lombardy, Saint Bassianus, Bishop and Confessor, who vigorously contended against heretics together with Saint Ambrose.
At Worcester, in England, Saint Wulstan, Bishop and Confessor, distinguished for his merits and miracles; who was enrolled among the Saints by Pope Innocent III.
January 20
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Fabian, Pope and Martyr, who suffered martyrdom in the time of Decius, and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.
Likewise at Rome, at the Catacombs, Saint Sebastian, Martyr, who, under Emperor Diocletian, when he held the command of the first cohort, was ordered, on account of his Christianity, to be bound in the middle of a field, and shot with arrows by soldiers, and finally beaten with clubs until he expired.
At Nicaea, in Bithynia, Saint Neophytus, Martyr, who, being fifteen years of age, was beaten with scourges, thrown into a furnace, exposed to wild beasts, and, since he remained unharmed and constantly professed the faith of Christ, was finally slain with the sword.
At Cesena, Saint Maurus, Bishop, renowned for his virtues and miracles.
In Palestine, the birthday of Saint Euthymius, Abbot, who flourished in the Church in the time of Emperor Marcian, by his zeal for Catholic discipline and his power of working miracles.
January 21
At Rome, the passion of Saint Agnes, Virgin and Martyr; who, under the Prefect of the City Symphronius, was thrown into the fire, but when the flames were extinguished by her prayer, she was struck with the sword. Of her, Blessed Jerome writes: "In the literature and languages of all nations, and especially in the Churches, the life of Agnes has been praised; she who conquered both age and the tyrant, and consecrated the title of chastity by her martyrdom."
At Athens, the birthday of Saint Publius, Bishop, who nobly governed the Church of the Athenians after Saint Dionysius the Areopagite; and, shining brightly with virtues and the praise of his learning, was gloriously crowned with martyrdom for Christ.
At Tarragona, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Fructuosus, Bishop, and Augurius and Eulogius, Deacons. These, in the time of Gallienus, were first thrown into prison, then cast into the flames, and, when their bonds were burned away, praying with their hands extended in the form of a cross, they completed their martyrdom; on whose feast day Saint Augustine delivered a sermon to the people.
In the monastery of Einsiedeln, in Switzerland, Saint Meinrad, Priest and Monk; who, in the very place where the monastery later grew up, being devoted to the eremitic life, was killed by robbers. The body of the blessed man, formerly buried in the monastery of Reichenau in Germany, was later transferred to the monastery of Einsiedeln.
At Troyes, in Gaul, Saint Patroclus, Martyr, who merited the crown of martyrdom under Emperor Aurelian.
At Pavia, Saint Epiphanius, Bishop and Confessor.
January 22
At Valencia, in Tarraconensian Spain, Saint Vincent, Deacon and Martyr; who, under the most impious governor Dacian, endured imprisonment, hunger, the rack, dislocation of his limbs, red-hot plates, a fiery iron grate, and other kinds of torments, and flew to heaven to receive the reward of martyrdom; whose noble triumph of suffering Prudentius eloquently recounts in verse, and Blessed Augustine and Saint Pope Leo commend with the highest praises.
At Bethsaloe, in Assyria, Saint Anastasius the Persian, Monk, who, after very many torments of prison, beatings, and chains, which he had suffered in Caesarea of Palestine, was afflicted with many punishments by Chosroes, King of the Persians, and finally beheaded, having first sent before him to martyrdom seventy companions who had been drowned in the waters. His head was brought to Rome, to the Aquae Salviae, together with his venerable image, by the sight of which demons are put to flight and diseases cured, as the Acts of the Second Council of Nicaea attest.
At Embrun, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Vincent, Orontius, and Victor, who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Novara, Saint Gaudentius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Sora, Saint Dominic, Abbot, renowned for miracles.
January 23
Saint Raymond of Penafort, of the Order of Preachers, Confessor, whose birthday is celebrated on the eighth day before the Ides of January.
At Rome, Saint Emerentiana, Virgin and Martyr; who, while still a catechumen, as she prayed at the tomb of Saint Agnes, whose foster-sister she had been, was stoned to death by the pagans.
At Philippi, in Macedonia, Saint Parmenas, who was one of the first seven Deacons. He, entrusted to the grace of God, fulfilling with full faith the office of preaching enjoined upon him by the brethren, attained the glory of martyrdom under Trajan.
At Ancyra, in Galatia, Saint Clement, Bishop, who, repeatedly tortured, finally completed his martyrdom under Emperor Diocletian.
In the same place, Saint Agathangelus, who suffered on the same day, under the governor Lucius.
At Caesarea, in Mauritania, the holy Martyrs Severianus and his wife Aquila, who were burned by fire.
At Antinoe, a city of Egypt, Saint Asclas, Martyr, who, after various torments, rendered his precious soul to God, having been cast into a river.
At Alexandria, Saint John the Almsgiver, Bishop of that city, most celebrated for his mercy toward the poor.
At Toledo, in Spain, Saint Ildephonsus, Bishop, who, on account of his singular integrity of life and his defense of the faith against heretics who assailed the virginity of the most holy Mother of God, was given a most white garment by the same Virgin Mary, and finally, celebrated for his holiness, was called to heaven.
In the Province of Valeria, Saint Martyrius, Monk, whom Blessed Pope Gregory mentions.
January 24
At Ephesus, Saint Timothy, who was a disciple of Blessed Paul the Apostle; and, having been ordained Bishop of Ephesus by the same Apostle, there, after many struggles for Christ, when he rebuked those offering sacrifice to Diana, he was overwhelmed with stones, and shortly after fell asleep in the Lord.
At Antioch, Saint Babylas, Bishop, who, in the persecution of Decius, after he had frequently glorified God by his sufferings and torments, met the end of his glorious life in iron chains, with which he commanded his body also to be buried. Three boys are also reported to have suffered with him, namely Urban, Prilidian, and Epolonius, whom he had instructed in the faith of Christ.
At Foligno, in Umbria, Saint Felician, who, having been ordained Bishop of that city by Saint Pope Victor I, there, after many labors, in extreme old age, was crowned with martyrdom under Emperor Decius.
At Neocaesarea, in Mauritania, the holy Martyrs Mardonius, Musonius, Eugenius, and Metellus; who were all delivered to the fire, and their relics scattered in a river.
Likewise, the holy Martyrs Thyrsus and Projectus.
At Cingoli, in Picenum, Saint Exsuperantius, Confessor, Bishop of that city, illustrious for his fame of miracles.
At Bologna, Saint Zama, who, ordained as the first Bishop of that city by Saint Dionysius, the Roman Pontiff, there wonderfully propagated the Christian faith.
Likewise, Blessed Suranus, Abbot, who flourished in holiness in the time of the Lombards.
January 25
The Conversion of Saint Paul the Apostle, which took place in the second year after the Ascension of the Lord.
At Damascus, the birthday of Saint Ananias, who was a disciple of the Lord, and baptized the same Apostle Paul. He himself, after he had preached the Gospel at Damascus, and at Eleutheropolis, and in other places, was finally, under the judge Licinius, beaten and torn with scourges, and crushed with stones, completing his martyrdom.
At Clermont, in Gaul, the Saints Praejactus, Bishop, and Amarinus, Abbot of Clermont, who both suffered at the hands of the nobles of that city.
At Antioch, the holy Martyrs Juventinus and Maximus, who were crowned with martyrdom under Julian the Apostate; on whose feast day Saint John Chrysostom delivered a sermon to the people.
Likewise, the holy Martyrs Donatus, Sabinus, and Agape.
At Tomi, in Scythia, Saint Bretannio, Bishop, who flourished in the Church with wonderful holiness and zeal for the Catholic faith, under the Arian Emperor Valens, whom he bravely resisted.
At Marchiennes, in Gaul, Saint Poppo, Priest and Abbot, renowned for miracles.
January 26
Saint Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna and Martyr, who obtained the crown of martyrdom on the seventh day before the Kalends of March.
At Hippo Regius, in Africa, the Saints Theogenes, Bishop, and thirty-six others, who, in the persecution of Valerian, despising temporal death, obtained the crown of eternal life.
At Bethlehem of Judah, the dormition of Saint Paula, Widow, who, being of the most noble senatorial family, together with the blessed Virgin of Christ Eustochium, her daughter, renouncing the world, distributed her wealth to the poor, and withdrew to the Manger of the Lord; and there, endowed with many virtues and crowned with a long martyrdom, she passed to the heavenly kingdom. Her life, admirable for its virtues, was written by Saint Jerome.
January 27
Saint John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, heavenly Patron of sacred orators; who fell asleep in the Lord on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of October. His sacred body, under Theodosius the Younger, was on this day translated to Constantinople, and thence later to Rome, and was laid to rest in the Basilica of the Prince of the Apostles.
At Brescia, the birthday of Saint Angela Merici, Virgin, of the Third Order of Saint Francis, who founded the Company of the Virgins of Saint Ursula, whose principal duty was to direct young women in the ways of the Lord. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the Kalends of June by decree of Pope Pius XII.
At Le Mans, in Gaul, the deposition of Saint Julian, the first Bishop of that city, whom Saint Peter sent there to preach the Gospel.
At Sora, Saint Julian, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Antoninus, was arrested under the governor Flavianus, and, when a temple of idols collapsed while he was being tortured, received the crown of martyrdom by the severing of his head.
In Africa, Saint Avitus, Martyr.
In the same place, the holy Martyrs Datius, Reatrus, and Companions, who suffered in the Vandal persecution.
Likewise, the Saints Dativus, Julian, Vincent, and twenty-seven other Martyrs.
At Rome, Saint Vitalian, Pope.
In the monastery of Bodac, in Gaul, Saint Maurus, Abbot.
January 28
Saint Peter Nolasco, Confessor, who was the Founder of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the redemption of captives, and fell asleep in the Lord on the eighth day before the Kalends of January.
At Rome, Saint Agnes, Virgin and Martyr, the second feast.
At Alexandria, the birthday of Saint Cyril, Bishop of that city, Confessor and Doctor of the Church; who, as a most illustrious champion of the Catholic faith, renowned for learning and holiness, rested in peace. His feast, however, is celebrated on the fifth day before the Ides of February.
At Rome, Saint Flavian, Martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Alexandria, the passion of very many holy Martyrs, who, on this very day, were slain by various kinds of death at the hands of the faction of Syrianus, the Arian general, while they were celebrating the liturgy in church.
At Apollonia, the holy Martyrs Leucius, Thyrsus, and Callinicus; who, in the time of Emperor Decius, were tortured with various kinds of torments, and the first and last completed their martyrdom by beheading, while the middle one, called forth by a heavenly voice, yielded up his spirit.
In the Thebaid, the holy Martyrs Leonidas and Companions, who, in the time of Diocletian, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Saragossa, in Spain, Saint Valerius, Bishop.
At Cuenca, in Spain, the birthday of Saint Julian, Bishop, who, distributing the goods of the Church to the poor, seeking his own livelihood by the work of his hands in the manner of the Apostles, rested in peace, renowned for miracles.
In the monastery of Reomay, in Gaul, the deposition of Saint John, Priest, a man devoted to God.
In Palestine, Saint James the Hermit, who, after a fall, for a long time hid himself in a tomb for the sake of penance, and, renowned for miracles, departed to the Lord.
January 29
Saint Francis de Sales, Bishop of Geneva, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, the special Patron before God of all Catholic writers who illuminate, promote, and defend Christian wisdom through newspapers and other published writings; who departed to heaven on the fifth day before the Kalends of January, but is chiefly venerated on this day, on account of the Translation of his body.
At Trier, the deposition of Blessed Valerius, Bishop, who was a disciple of Saint Peter the Apostle.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Papias and Maurus, soldiers, in the time of Emperor Diocletian; whose mouths Laodicius, the Prefect of the City, ordered to be crushed with stones at their first confession of Christ, and then to be dragged to prison, and afterwards beaten with clubs, and finally struck with leaden balls, until they expired.
At Perugia, Saint Constantius, Bishop and Martyr; who, together with his Companions, under Emperor Marcus Aurelius, received the crown of martyrdom for the defense of the faith.
At Milan, Saint Aquilinus, Priest, who, having been pierced through the throat with a sword by Arians, was crowned with martyrdom.
At Edessa, in Syria, the holy Martyrs Sarbellius and his sister Barbea, who, having been baptized by Blessed Bishop Barsimaeus, were both crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Trajan, under the governor Lysias.
In the territory of Troyes, Saint Sabinian, Martyr, who, by order of Emperor Aurelian, was beheaded for the faith of Christ.
At Bourges, in Aquitaine, Saint Sulpicius Severus, Bishop, distinguished for his virtues and learning.
January 30
Saint Martina, Virgin and Martyr, whose birthday is celebrated on the Kalends of January.
At Edessa, in Syria, Saint Barsimaeus, Bishop, who, having converted very many pagans to the faith and sent them ahead to the crown, followed them under Trajan, with the palm of martyrdom.
At Antioch, the passion of Blessed Hippolytus, Priest, who, deceived for some time by the schism of Novatus, but corrected by the working of Christ's grace, returned to the unity of the Church, for which and in which he afterwards completed an illustrious martyrdom. He, when asked by his companions which sect was the truer, cursed the doctrine of Novatus, and, saying that the faith to be kept was that which the Chair of Peter guarded, offered his throat to the sword.
In Africa, the passion of the holy Martyrs Felician, Philappian, and one hundred and twenty-four others.
Likewise, Blessed Alexander, who, in the persecution of Decius, was arrested, and, resplendent with the venerable white hair of advanced age and his repeated confession of faith, yielded up his spirit amid the torments of his executioners.
At Edessa, in Syria, Saint Barses, Bishop, illustrious for the gift of healing; who, having been banished by Valens, the Arian Emperor, to remote regions on account of the Catholic faith, and worn out by a triple change of exile, ended his life.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of Saint Matthias, Bishop, of whom wonderful deeds full of faith are told; who, under Hadrian, suffered many things for Christ, and finally rested in peace.
At Pavia, Saint Armentarius, Bishop and Confessor.
In the monastery of Maubeuge, in Hainault, Saint Aldegundis, Virgin, in the time of King Dagobert.
At Viterbo, Saint Hyacinth of the Mariscotti, Virgin, a nun of the Third Order of Saint Francis, distinguished for penance and charity; whom Pope Pius VII enrolled among the Saints.
At Milan, Saint Savina, a most devout woman, who, while praying at the tombs of the holy Martyrs Nabor and Felix, fell asleep in the Lord.
In the territory of Paris, Saint Bathildis, Queen, renowned for her holiness and the glory of her miracles.
January 31
At Turin, Saint John Bosco, Confessor, Founder of the Salesian Society and of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, distinguished for his zeal for souls and for the propagation of the faith, whom Pope Pius XI enrolled in the register of the Saints.
At Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy Martyrs Cyrus and John, who, for confessing Christ, after many torments, were beheaded.
At Alexandria, the birthday of Saint Metranus, Martyr, who, under Emperor Decius, when he refused to utter impious words at the command of the pagans, they crushed his entire body with clubs, and piercing his face and eyes with sharp reeds, drove him out of the city with tortures, and there killed him by crushing him with stones.
In the same place, the holy Martyrs Saturninus, Thyrsus, and Victor.
Likewise at Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Tharsicius, Zoticus, Cyriacus, and Companions.
At Cyzicus, in the Hellespont, Saint Tryphaena, Martyr, who, having overcome very many torments, was finally killed by a bull, and merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Modena, Saint Geminianus, Bishop, distinguished for the glory of his miracles.
In the Province of Milan, Saint Julius, Priest and Confessor, in the time of Emperor Theodosius.
At Naples, Saint Francis Xavier Mary Bianchi, Confessor, a Barnabite Clerk Regular of Saint Paul, illustrious for signs, heavenly gifts, and admirable patience, whom Pope Pius XII raised to the supreme honors of the Saints.
At Rome, Saint Marcella, Widow, whose illustrious praises Blessed Jerome wrote.
Likewise at Rome, Blessed Ludovica Albertoni, a Roman Widow, of the Third Order of Saint Francis, renowned for her virtues.
On the same day, the Translation of Saint Mark the Evangelist, when his sacred body was brought from Alexandria, then occupied by barbarians, to Venice, and there was most honorably laid to rest in the great Church consecrated in his name.
February
February 1
Saint Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch and Martyr, who gloriously completed his martyrdom on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of January.
At Smyrna, Saint Pionius, Priest and Martyr; who, after writing apologies for the Christian faith, and after the squalor of prison, where he strengthened many of the brethren for the endurance of martyrdom by his exhortations, was finally, having been tormented with many tortures, pierced with nails and placed upon a burning pyre, granted a blessed end for Christ. With him also fifteen others suffered.
At Ravenna, Saint Severus, Bishop, who, on account of his distinguished merits, was elected by the sign of a dove.
In the city of Saint-Paul-Trois-Chateaux, in Gaul, Saint Paul, Bishop, whose life was illustrious for virtues, and whose precious death is commended by miracles.
At Kildare, in Ireland, Saint Brigid, Virgin, who, when she touched the wood of the altar as a testimony to her virginity, the wood itself immediately became green.
At Castelfiorentino, in Tuscany, Blessed Viridiana, a recluse Virgin, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
February 2
The Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which is called by the Greeks the Hypapante (Meeting) of the Lord.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, Saint Cornelius the Centurion, whom Blessed Peter the Apostle baptized, and raised to the episcopal dignity in the aforesaid city.
At Rome, on the Via Salaria, the passion of Saint Apronianus, a prison keeper, who, while still a pagan, as he was leading Saint Sisinius out of prison to present him to the Prefect Laodicius, heard a voice from heaven saying: "Come, blessed of My Father, receive the kingdom which has been prepared for you from the foundation of the world." Believing, he was baptized, and afterwards, in confessing the Lord, received the end of his life by a capital sentence.
Likewise at Rome, the holy Martyrs Fortunatus, Felician, Firmus, and Candidus.
At Orleans, in Gaul, Saint Flosculus, Bishop.
At Canterbury, in England, the birthday of Saint Laurence, Bishop, who, after Saint Augustine, governed that Church, and converted the King himself to the faith.
At Prato, in Tuscany, Saint Catherine de' Ricci, a Florentine Virgin, of the Order of Preachers, distinguished for the abundance of heavenly gifts; whom Pope Benedict XIV enrolled in the register of holy Virgins.
At Bordeaux, Saint Joan de Lestonnac, Widow, Foundress of the Institute of the Daughters of the Blessed Virgin Mary, distinguished for her zeal in charity and care for the education of girls, whom Pope Pius XII enrolled in the number of the Saints.
February 3
At Sebaste, in Armenia, the passion of Saint Blaise, Bishop and Martyr; who, a worker of many miracles, under the governor Agricolaus, after prolonged beating and being hung on a wooden frame where his flesh was torn with iron combs, after a most foul prison and immersion in a lake from which he came out safe, was finally, by the order of the same judge, beheaded together with two boys. Before him, however, seven women who had been collecting the drops of blood flowing from the body of the same Martyr while he was being tortured, having been discovered to be Christians on that account, were all, after terrible torments, struck with the sword.
In Africa, Saint Celerinus, Deacon, who, confined for nineteen days in prison custody, in stocks and in irons and under various punishments, was a glorious Confessor of Christ; and, while he overcame the adversary with the unconquerable firmness of his struggle, he opened the way for others to overcome.
In the same place, the three holy Martyrs, relatives of the same Deacon Celerinus, namely Laurentinus his paternal uncle, Ignatius his maternal uncle, and Celerina his grandmother, who had previously been crowned with martyrdom; concerning the glorious praises of all of whom there exists a letter of Blessed Cyprian.
Likewise in Africa, the holy Martyrs Felix, Symphronius, Hippolytus, and Companions.
In the town of Gap, in Gaul, the Saints Tigidis and Remedius, Bishops.
At Lyon, in Gaul, the Saints Lupicinus and Felix, likewise Bishops.
At Bremen, Saint Anschar, Bishop of Hamburg and afterwards also of Bremen, who converted the Swedes and Danes to the faith of Christ, and was appointed by Pope Gregory IV as Apostolic Legate of all the North.
February 4
Saint Andrew Corsini, of the Order of Carmelites, Bishop of Fiesole and Confessor, whose birthday is celebrated on the eighth day before the Ides of January.
At Rome, Saint Eutychius, Martyr, who completed an illustrious martyrdom and was buried in the cemetery of Callistus; and his tomb was afterwards adorned with verses by Saint Pope Damasus.
At Thmuis, in Egypt, the passion of Blessed Phileas, Bishop of that city, and Philoromus, a military tribune; who, in the persecution of Diocletian, since they could not be persuaded by their relatives and friends to spare themselves, both offered their necks and merited their palms from the Lord. With them also an innumerable multitude of the faithful from the same city, following the footsteps of their shepherd, was crowned with martyrdom.
At Fossombrone, the holy Martyrs Aquilinus, Geminus, Gelasius, Magnus, and Donatus.
In the kingdom of Marava, among the East Indians, Saint John de Britto, a Priest of the Society of Jesus, who, having converted many unbelievers to the faith, was crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Troyes, in Gaul, Saint Aventinus, Priest and Confessor.
At Pelusium, in Egypt, Saint Isidore, Priest and Monk, distinguished for his merits and learning.
At Sempringham, in England, Saint Gilbert, Priest and Confessor, who was the Founder of the Sempringhamian Order.
In the town of Amatrice, in Abruzzo, the deposition of Saint Joseph of Leonessa, Priest of the Order of Capuchin Friars Minor and Confessor; who, having suffered dreadful things from the Mohammedans on account of preaching the faith, and renowned for his apostolic labors and miracles, was enrolled in the canon of Saints by Benedict XIV, Supreme Pontiff.
At Bremen, the commemoration of Saint Rembert, who, a disciple of Saint Anschar, was formerly elected Bishop of Hamburg and Bremen together, in his place, on this day, closely following the death of his master.
At Bourges, in Aquitaine, Saint Joan of Valois, Queen of France, Foundress of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, illustrious for her piety and singular participation in the Cross, inscribed in the register of Saints by Pope Pius XII.
February 5
At Catania, in Sicily, the birthday of Saint Agatha, Virgin and Martyr; who, in the times of Emperor Decius, under Judge Quinctianus, after slaps and imprisonment, after the rack and tortures, after the cutting off of her breasts, after being rolled upon potsherds and burning coals, at last in prison, praying to God, she was consummated.
At Nagasaki, in Japan, the passion of twenty-six Martyrs, of whom three Priests and one Cleric and two Laymen belonged to the Order of Friars Minor, three, and among them indeed one Cleric, to the Society of Jesus, and seventeen to the Third Order of Saint Francis. All of these, for the Catholic faith, were crucified and pierced with lance-thrusts, and amid divine praises and the preaching of the same faith, they gloriously fell; and they were inscribed in the register of Saints by Pius IX, Supreme Pontiff.
In Pontus, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs, in the persecution of Maximian; of whom some were drenched with molten lead, others tortured under their nails with sharp reeds, and afflicted with many horrifying torments, and the same frequently repeated, they merited palms and crowns from the Lord through their illustrious passion.
At Alexandria, Saint Isidore, soldier and Martyr; who, in the persecution of Decius, was beheaded by Numerianus, commander of the army, on account of his faith in Christ.
At Vienne, Blessed Avitus, Bishop and Confessor, by whose faith, diligence, and admirable learning the Gauls were defended from the infestation of the Arian heresy.
At Sabiona, in Rhaetia Secunda, Saint Ingenuinus, Bishop, whose life was rendered glorious by miracles. His sacred body was afterward translated to Brixen, and there honorably preserved.
At Brixen, Saint Albuinus, Bishop, who transferred the episcopal see from Sabiona to that city, and there, shining with signs of virtue, departed to the Lord.
February 6
Saint Titus, Bishop of the Cretans and Confessor, whose birthday falls on the day before the Nones of January.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the birthday of Saint Dorothy, Virgin and Martyr; who, under Sapricius, Governor of that Province, was first tormented by stretching on the rack, then beaten with rods for a very long time, and finally punished with a capital sentence. At her confession, a certain scholar named Theophilus was converted to the faith of Christ, and soon afterward most fiercely tortured on the rack, and at last struck down by the sword.
At Emesa, in Phoenicia, Saint Silvanus, Bishop, who, having presided over that Church for forty years, at last, under Emperor Maximian, together with two others, was thrown to the wild beasts and torn limb from limb, and received the palm of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Saturninus, Theophilus, and Revocata.
At Clermont, in Gaul, Saint Antholianus, Martyr.
At Arras, in Gaul, Saint Vedast, Bishop of that city, whose life and death were rendered glorious by very many miracles.
At Elnone, in Gaul, Saint Amandus, Bishop of Maastricht, who shone gloriously with miracles, both while living and after death; the town in which he had built a monastery and ended his mortal life was afterward distinguished by his name.
At Bologna, Saint Guarinus, Cardinal and Bishop of Palestrina, distinguished for the holiness of his life.
February 7
Saint Romuald, Abbot, Father of the Camaldolese Monks, whose birthday is recorded on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of July, but whose feast is chiefly celebrated on this day, on account of the Translation of his body.
At Augusta, which is now called London, in Britain, the birthday of Blessed Augulus, Bishop, who, having completed the course of his life through martyrdom, merited to receive eternal rewards.
In Phrygia, Saint Adauctus, Martyr, who, distinguished by his Italian lineage and honored by the Emperors with nearly every grade of dignity, at last, while still exercising the office of Quaestor, was deemed worthy of the crown of martyrdom in defense of the faith.
In the same place, very many holy Martyrs, citizens of one city, whose leader was the same Adauctus; who, since they were all Christians and persisted steadfastly in the confession of the faith, were consumed by fire by Emperor Galerius Maximian.
At Heraclea, in Pontus, Saint Theodore, commander of soldiers, who, under the reign of Licinius, after many torments, was beheaded and departed victorious into heaven.
In Egypt, Saint Moses, venerable Bishop, who first led a solitary life in the desert; then, at the request of Mavia, Queen of the Saracens, was made Bishop, and converted that most fierce nation in great part to the faith, and, glorious in his merits, rested in peace.
At Lucca, in Tuscany, the deposition of Saint Richard, King of the English, who was the father of Saint Willibald, Bishop of Eichstatt, and of Saint Walburga, Virgin.
At Bologna, Saint Juliana, Widow.
February 8
Saint John of Matha, Priest and Confessor, who was the Founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and fell asleep in the Lord on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of January.
At Somasca, in the territory of Bergamo, the birthday of Saint Jerome Emiliani, Confessor, who was the Founder of the Somascan Congregation; and, illustrious for many miracles both in life and after death, was inscribed in the register of Saints by Clement XIII, Supreme Pontiff, and was chosen and declared by Pope Pius XI as universal Patron before God of orphans and abandoned youth. His feast, however, is observed on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of August.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Paul, Lucius, and Cyriacus.
In Lesser Armenia, the passion of the holy Martyrs Dionysius, Emilianus, and Sebastian.
At Constantinople, the birthday of the holy Martyrs, the Monks of the monastery of Dius, who, in defense of the Catholic faith, when they had brought letters of Saint Pope Felix III against Acacius, were most cruelly slain.
In Persia, the commemoration of the holy Martyrs, who, under Kavadh, King of the Persians, were put to death by various tortures on account of the Christian faith.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saint Cointha, Martyr, whom the Pagans, under Emperor Decius, seized and brought to the idols, and compelled her to worship them; but when she, execrating them, refused, they bound her feet with chains, and dragging her thus bound through the streets of the city, tore her apart with a horrifying punishment.
At Pavia, Saint Juventius, Bishop, who labored strenuously in the Gospel.
At Milan, the deposition of Saint Honoratus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Verdun, in Gaul, Saint Paul, Bishop, illustrious for the gift of miracles.
At Muret, in the territory of Limoges, the birthday of Saint Stephen, Abbot, who was the Founder of the Grandmontine Order, and was renowned for his virtues and miracles.
In the monastery of Vallombrosa, Blessed Peter, Cardinal and Bishop of Albano, of the Order of Vallombrosa, surnamed Igneus ("of Fire"), because he passed through fire unharmed.
February 9
Saint Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, whose birthday is recorded on the fifth day before the Kalends of February.
At Alexandria, the birthday of Saint Apollonia, Virgin and Martyr, from whom the persecutors, under Decius, first knocked out all her teeth. Then, having built and lit a pyre, they threatened that unless she uttered impious words with them, they would burn her alive; but she, having deliberated briefly within herself, suddenly tore herself from the hands of the impious, and into the fire which they had prepared, burning inwardly with the greater flame of the Holy Spirit, she leaped of her own accord in such a way that even the authors of the cruelty themselves were terrified, because the woman was found more eager for death than the persecutor for punishment.
At Rome, the passion of the holy Martyrs Alexander and thirty-eight others who were crowned.
In the fortress of Lemellef, in Africa, the holy Martyrs Primus and Donatus, Deacons, who, while defending the altar in the Church, were killed by the Donatists.
At Soli, in Cyprus, the holy Martyrs Ammonius and Alexander.
At Antioch, Saint Nicephorus, Martyr, who, under Emperor Valerian, was beheaded and received the crown of martyrdom.
In the monastery of Fontenelle, in Gaul, Saint Ansbert, Bishop of Rouen.
At Canosa, in Apulia, Saint Sabinus, Bishop and Confessor; who (as Blessed Pope Gregory relates), endowed with the spirit of prophecy and the gift of miracles, though already blind, recognized by divine instinct a cup of poison presented to him by a servant who had been bribed; but, having foretold the punishment soon to be taken by God upon the corrupter, and having made the sign of the Cross, he drank the poison without fear and received no harm from it.
February 10
At Monte Cassino, Saint Scholastica, Virgin, sister of Saint Benedict, Abbot, who saw her soul, in the likeness of a dove, departing from her body and ascending into heaven.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Zoticus, Irenaeus, Hyacinthus, and Amantius.
In the same place, on the Lavican Way, the ten holy soldier Martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, Saint Soteris, Virgin and Martyr; who (as Saint Ambrose writes), born of noble lineage, despised her parents' Consulships and Prefectures for the sake of Christ. She, being ordered to sacrifice to idols and not consenting, was beaten with slaps severely and for a very long time; and, when she had overcome all other kinds of punishments as well, at last, struck by the sword, she departed joyfully to the Bridegroom.
In Campania, Saint Silvanus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Stabulum Rhodis, in the territory of Siena, Saint William, Hermit.
In the district of Rouen, Saint Austreberta, Virgin, celebrated for her miracles.
February 11
At Lourdes, in France, the Apparition of the Blessed Immaculate Virgin Mary.
At Adrianople, in Thrace, the holy Martyrs Lucius, Bishop, and his Companions, under Constantius. Lucius himself, having suffered many things from the Arians, consummated his martyrdom in chains; but the rest, the more noble citizens, since they refused to receive the Arians, who had then been condemned at the Council of Sardica, received the capital sentence from Count Philagrius.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Saturninus the Priest, Dativus, Felix, Ampelius, and their Companions, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, since they had gathered to celebrate the Lord's Day according to custom, were for that reason seized by soldiers and suffered under Proconsul Anulinus.
In Numidia, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs, who were arrested in the same persecution, and, since they refused to hand over the divine Scriptures according to the Emperor's edict, were tortured with the most severe punishments and at last put to death.
At Rome, Saint Gregory II, Pope, who most fiercely resisted the impiety of Leo the Isaurian, and sent Saint Boniface to preach the Gospel in Germany.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Paschal I, Pope, who raised up very many bodies of holy Martyrs from the crypts and honorably placed them in various Churches of the City.
At Ravenna, Saint Calocerus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Milan, Saint Lazarus, Bishop.
At Capua, Saint Castrensis, Bishop.
At the Castle of Nantua, in Gaul, Saint Severinus, who was Abbot of the monastery of Agaunum, and by his prayers freed King Clovis, a worshiper of God, from a prolonged illness.
In Egypt, Saint Jonas, Monk, renowned for his virtues.
At Vienne, in Gaul, the Translation of the body of Saint Desiderius, Bishop and Martyr, from the territory of Lyon, in which he had formerly suffered on the tenth day before the Kalends of June.
February 12
The seven holy Founders of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessors, whose deposition is observed on their respective days. Those whom one spirit of true fraternity united in life, and whom the undivided veneration of the people followed after death, Leo XIII, Supreme Pontiff, likewise enrolled together in the register of Saints.
In Africa, Saint Damian, soldier and Martyr.
At Carthage, the holy Martyrs Modestus and Julian.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Modestus and Ammonius, children.
At Barcelona, in Spain, Saint Eulalia, Virgin, who, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, having endured the rack, iron hooks, and flames, at last, affixed to a cross, received the glorious crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, Saint Meletius, Bishop of Antioch, who, having often suffered exile for the Catholic faith, at last departed to the Lord in that same city. His virtues were celebrated with the highest praises by Saint John Chrysostom and Saint Gregory of Nyssa.
Likewise at Constantinople, Saint Antonius, Bishop, in the time of Emperor Leo VI.
At Verona, Saint Gaudentius, Bishop and Confessor.
February 13
At Antioch, the birthday of Saint Agabus, Prophet, about whom Blessed Luke writes in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Todi, in Umbria, Saint Benignus, Priest and Martyr; who, in the time of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, since he did not cease to spread the Christian faith by word and example, was seized by worshipers of idols, and, afflicted with various tortures, crowned his priestly office with the honor of martyrdom.
At Melitene, in Armenia, Saint Polyeuctus, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Decius, having suffered many things, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Julian, Martyr.
At Ravenna, the holy women Fusca, Virgin, and her nurse Maura, who, under the reign of Decius, having endured many things under Governor Quinctianus, were at last pierced with the sword and consummated their martyrdom.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Stephen, Bishop and Confessor.
At Rieti, Saint Stephen, Abbot, a man of marvelous patience; at whose passing (as Blessed Pope Gregory relates) holy Angels were present, with others also seeing them.
February 14
At Rome, on the Flaminian Way, the birthday of Saint Valentine, Priest and Martyr, who, after many remarkable healings and teachings, was beaten with clubs and beheaded under Claudius Caesar.
In the same place, the deposition of Saint Cyril, Bishop and Confessor; who, together with Saint Methodius, likewise Bishop and his brother, whose birthday is recorded on the eighth day before the Ides of April, led many Slavic nations and their Kings to the faith of Christ. The feast of these Saints, however, is celebrated on the Nones of July.
Likewise at Rome, the holy Martyrs Vitalis, Felicula, and Zeno.
At Terni, Saint Valentine, Bishop and Martyr, who, after prolonged beating was consigned to custody, and, since he could not be overcome, at last, in the silence of midnight, was cast out of prison and beheaded by order of Placidus, Prefect of the city.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Cyrion the Priest, Bassianus the Lector, Agatho the Exorcist, and Moses; who were all consumed by fire and flew away to heaven.
At Terni, the holy Martyrs Proculus, Ephebus, and Apollonius, who, while keeping vigil at the body of Saint Valentine, were arrested by order of Leontius the Consular, and struck down by the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Bassus, Antonius, and Protolicus, who were drowned in the sea.
Likewise at Alexandria, the holy men Dionysius and Ammonius, who were beheaded.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Nostrianus, Bishop, who was distinguished in defending the Catholic faith against heretical depravity.
At Ravenna, Saint Eleuchadius, Bishop and Confessor.
In Bithynia, Saint Auxentius, Abbot.
At Sorrento, Saint Antoninus, Abbot, who withdrew from the Cassinian monastery, which had been devastated by the Lombards, into the solitude of that city; and there, celebrated for his holiness, he fell asleep in the Lord. His body shines daily with many miracles, and especially in the liberating of the possessed.
February 15
At Brescia, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Faustinus and Jovita, brothers, who, under Emperor Hadrian, after many illustrious struggles undertaken for the faith of Christ, received the victorious crown of martyrdom.
At Rome, Saint Craton, Martyr, who, having been baptized with his wife and entire household by Blessed Valentine the Bishop, not long afterward, together with them, was consummated in martyrdom.
At Terni, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Saturninus, Castulus, Magnus, and Lucius.
In the same place, Saint Agape, Virgin and Martyr.
At Vaison, in Gaul, Saint Quinidius, Bishop, whose death, precious in the sight of the Lord, is attested by frequent miracles.
At Capua, Saint Decorosus, Bishop and Confessor.
In the Province of Valeria, Saint Severus, Priest, who (as Blessed Pope Gregory writes), by pouring forth tears, called a dead man back to life.
At Antioch, Saint Joseph, Deacon.
At Clermont, in Gaul, Saint Georgia, Virgin.
February 16
At Rome, Blessed Onesimus, about whom Saint Paul the Apostle writes to Philemon; whom he also, after Saint Timothy, ordained Bishop of the Ephesians and entrusted to him the word of preaching. Onesimus himself, brought to Rome in chains and stoned for the faith of Christ, was first buried there; afterward his body was brought to the place where he had been ordained Bishop.
In Egypt, Saint Julian, Martyr, with five thousand others.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy Egyptian Martyrs Elias, Jeremiah, Isaiah, Samuel, and Daniel; who, having voluntarily ministered to the Confessors condemned to the mines in Cilicia, and returning from there, were arrested, and by Governor Firmilianus, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, were most savagely tortured and at last struck down by the sword. After them, Saint Porphyrius, servant of the Martyr Pamphilus, and Saint Seleucus the Cappadocian, who had often conquered in repeated contests, were again tortured, and the one received the crown of martyrdom by fire, the other by the sword.
At Nicomedia, Saint Juliana, Virgin and Martyr; who, under Emperor Maximian, was first severely beaten by her father Africanus, then variously tortured by Evilasius the Prefect, whose offer of marriage she had refused, and afterward thrust into prison, where she openly struggled with the devil; at last, having overcome the flames of fire and a boiling cauldron, she consummated her martyrdom by beheading. Her body was afterward translated to Cumae, in Campania.
At Brescia, Saint Faustinus, Bishop and Confessor.
February 17
At Florence, the birthday of Saint Alexis Falconieri, Confessor, one of the seven Founders of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary; who, in the one hundred and tenth year of his life, refreshed by the presence of Christ Jesus and the Angels, rested in a blessed end. His feast and that of his Companions, however, is celebrated on the day before the Ides of February.
At Rome, the passion of Saint Faustinus, whom forty-four others followed to the crown.
In Persia, the birthday of Blessed Polychronius, Bishop of Babylon, who, in the persecution of Decius, with his mouth struck by stones, with hands extended, raising his eyes to heaven, breathed forth his spirit.
At Concordia, in the territory of the Veneti, the holy Martyrs Donatus, Secundianus, and Romulus, with eighty-six others, sharers in the same crown.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, Saint Theodulus, an old man, who, being of the household of Governor Firmilianus, and, stirred by the example of the Martyrs, steadfastly confessed Christ, merited the palm of martyrdom by being fixed to a cross in a noble triumph.
In the same place, Saint Julian the Cappadocian, who, having kissed the bodies of the slain Martyrs, and for that reason being denounced as a Christian and brought before the Governor, was ordered to be burned with a slow fire.
In the district of Therouanne, in Gaul, Saint Silvinus, Bishop of Toulouse.
In the monastery of Clonenagh, in Ireland, Saint Fintan, Priest and Abbot.
February 18
At Jerusalem, the birthday of Saint Simeon, Bishop and Martyr; who is reported to have been the son of Cleophas and a kinsman of the Savior according to the flesh. He, having been ordained Bishop of Jerusalem after James, the brother of the Lord, and, in the persecution of Trajan, afflicted with many tortures, was consummated in martyrdom, while all who were present and the Judge himself marveled that an old man of one hundred and twenty years had borne the punishment of the cross so bravely and steadfastly.
At Ostia Tiberina, the holy Martyrs Maximus and Claudius, brothers, and Praepedigna, wife of Claudius, with their two children Alexander and Cutias; who, being of most illustrious lineage, were all, by order of Diocletian, arrested and deported into exile, and then, consumed by fire, they offered to God Himself a fragrant sacrifice of martyrdom. Their relics, cast into the river and sought out by Christians, were buried near the same city.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Lucius, Silvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus, and Maximus.
At Constantinople, Saint Flavian, Bishop, who, while defending the Catholic faith at Ephesus, was struck with fists and kicks by the faction of the impious Dioscorus, and, driven into exile, ended his life there after three days.
At Toledo, in Spain, Saint Helladius, Bishop and Confessor, who is celebrated with many praises by Saint Ildephonsus, Bishop of Toledo.
February 19
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Gabinus, Priest and Martyr, who was the brother of Blessed Pope Caius, and, long afflicted in chains in custody by Diocletian, obtained for himself the joys of heaven by a precious death.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Publius, Julian, Marcellus, and others.
In Palestine, the commemoration of holy Monks and other Martyrs, who were most savagely slain by the Saracens, under their leader Alamundarus, on account of the faith of Christ.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Quodvultdeus, Bishop of Carthage, who, together with his Clergy, was placed by the Arian King Genseric on broken ships without oars or sails, and, beyond all hope, landed at Naples, and there, living in exile, died a Confessor.
At Jerusalem, Saint Zambdas, Bishop.
At Soli, in Cyprus, Saint Auxibius, Bishop.
At Benevento, Saint Barbatus, Bishop, who, celebrated for his holiness, converted the Lombards and their Duke to Christ.
At Milan, Saint Mansuetus, Bishop and Confessor.
February 20
At Tyre, in Phoenicia, the commemoration of the blessed Martyrs, whose number only the knowledge of God can reckon. All of these, under Emperor Diocletian, were killed by Veturius, master of soldiers, with many kinds of torments following one upon another; for first indeed they were torn over their whole body with scourges, then given over to various kinds of beasts, but by divine power suffered no harm from them, and afterward, with the savagery of fire and iron added, they consummated their martyrdom. The glorious multitude of them was urged on to victory by the Bishops Tyrannio, Silvanus, Peleus, and Nilus, and the Priest Zenobius, who, in a blessed contest, together with them, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, Saint Eleutherius, Bishop and Martyr.
In Persia, the birthday of Saint Eleutherius, Bishop, and one hundred and twenty-eight others; who, under Shapur, King of the Persians, when they refused to worship the Sun, obtained for themselves illustrious crowns by a cruel death.
In Cyprus, the holy Martyrs Potamius and Nemesius.
At Catania, in Sicily, Saint Leo, Bishop, who shone with virtues and miracles.
On the same day, Saint Eucherius, Bishop of Orleans, who shone all the more with miracles in proportion to the many calumnies of the envious by which he was oppressed.
At Tournai, in Gaul, Saint Eleutherius, Bishop and Confessor.
February 21
At Scythopolis, in Palestine, Saint Severianus, Bishop and Martyr, who, most fiercely opposing the Eutychians, was slain by the sword.
In Sicily, the birthday of seventy-nine holy Martyrs, who, under Diocletian, through various torments, merited to receive the crown of their confession.
At Hadrumetum, in Africa, the holy Martyrs Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus, and sixteen others, who, in the Vandal persecution, were crowned with martyrdom for their confession of the Catholic faith.
At Damascus, Saint Peter Mavimenus, who, when he said to certain Arabs who came to visit him while he was sick: "Everyone who does not embrace the Christian Catholic faith is damned, just as is Muhammad, your false prophet," was killed by them.
At Metz, in Gaul, Saint Felix, Bishop.
At Brescia, Saint Paterius, Bishop.
February 22
At Antioch, the Chair of Saint Peter the Apostle, where the disciples were first called Christians.
At Faenza, in Emilia, the birthday of Saint Peter Damian, Cardinal and Bishop of Ostia and Confessor, of the Camaldolese Order, celebrated for his learning and holiness, whom Pope Leo XII declared a Doctor of the universal Church. His feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Salamis, in Cyprus, Saint Aristion, who (as Papias, to be mentioned shortly, testifies) was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ.
At Hierapolis, in Phrygia, Blessed Papias, Bishop of that city, who was a hearer of Saint John the Elder and a companion of Polycarp.
In Arabia, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs, who, under the Emperor Galerius Maximian, were most cruelly slain.
At Alexandria, Saint Abilius, Bishop, who, being made Bishop of that city as the second after Blessed Mark, administered the priesthood, distinguished for his virtue.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Paschasius, Bishop, illustrious for his learning and the holiness of his life.
At Ravenna, Saint Maximian, Bishop and Confessor.
At Cortona, in Tuscany, Saint Margaret, of the Third Order of Saint Francis, who by admirable penance and most abundant tears unceasingly wiped away the stains of her former life. Her body, miraculously incorrupt, breathing forth a sweet odor and renowned for frequent miracles, is venerated there with great honor.
February 23
In a Leap Year, the following is omitted: The Vigil of Saint Matthias the Apostle; because it is transferred to the following day, which is the 24th.
The Vigil of Saint Matthias the Apostle.
Saint Peter Damian, of the Camaldolese Order, Cardinal and Bishop of Ostia, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, who flew to heaven the day before this day.
At Smyrna, the birthday of Saint Polycarp, who, a disciple of Blessed John the Apostle and ordained by him as Bishop of that city, was the chief of all Asia. Afterwards, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, while the Proconsul was sitting and the whole people in the theater were crying out against him, he was handed over to the fire; and, since the fire in no way harmed him, he received the crown of martyrdom by being pierced with a sword. With him also twelve others, who had come from Philadelphia, were consummated in martyrdom in the same city of Smyrna. The feast of Polycarp himself, however, is celebrated on the seventh of the Kalends of February.
At Sirmium, Blessed Sirenus, Monk and Martyr, who, by order of the Emperor Maximian, was arrested, and, when he confessed himself to be a Christian, was beheaded.
At the same place, the birthday of seventy-two holy Martyrs, who, completing the contest of martyrdom in the aforesaid city, received the everlasting kingdom.
In the city of Astorga, in Spain, Saint Martha, Virgin and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Decius and the Proconsul Paternus, was cruelly tortured for the faith of Christ and at last slain by the sword.
At Constantinople, Saint Lazarus the Monk, who, because he painted sacred Images, was for that reason, by order of the Iconoclast Emperor Theophilus, tortured with terrible punishments, and his hands were burned with red-hot iron; but, healed by the power of God, he restored by painting the sacred Images that had been destroyed, and at last rested in peace.
At Brescia, Saint Felix, Bishop.
At Rome, Saint Polycarp, Priest, who, together with Blessed Sebastian, converted very many to the faith of Christ, and by exhortation led them to the glory of martyrdom.
At Seville, in Spain, Saint Florentius, Confessor.
At Todi, in Umbria, Saint Romana, Virgin, who, baptized by Saint Pope Sylvester, led a heavenly life in caves and grottoes, and was renowned for the glory of her miracles.
In England, Saint Milburga, Virgin, daughter of the King of the Mercians.
In a Leap Year, the Sixth of the Kalends of March is pronounced twice, and with the same Moon, namely on the 24th and 25th.
On the first day, that is the 24th, in this manner: The Sixth of the Kalends of March. Moon..., whatever it may be.
Then:
The Vigil of Saint Matthias the Apostle.
Likewise, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs, Confessors, and holy Virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
On the second day, that is the 25th: The Sixth of the Kalends of March. Moon... In Judea..., and so forth, as in the following reading.
February 24 (or 25)
In Judea, the birthday of Saint Matthias the Apostle, who, after the Ascension of the Lord, was chosen by lot by the Apostles to fill the place of Judas the traitor, and suffered martyrdom for the preaching of the Gospel.
At Rome, Saint Primitiva, Martyr.
At Rouen, the passion of Saint Praetextatus, Bishop and Martyr.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Saint Sergius, Martyr, whose deeds are held to be illustrious.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Montanus, Lucius, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and their Companions, who were disciples of Saint Cyprian and, under the Emperor Valerian, completed their martyrdom.
At Trier, Saint Modestus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Stilo, in Calabria, Saint John, surnamed Theristus, distinguished for the praise of his monastic life and holiness.
In England, Saint Ethelbert, King of Kent, whom Saint Augustine, Bishop of the English, converted to the faith of Christ.
At Jerusalem, the first Finding of the head of Saint John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord.
February 25 (or 26)
In Egypt, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudian, Dioscorus, Serapion, and Papias, under the Emperor Numerian. The first two of these, for the confession of the faith, having steadfastly endured exquisite forms of punishment, were beheaded; Nicephorus, after overcoming red-hot gridirons and fires, was cut to pieces; Claudian and Dioscorus were consumed by flames; Serapion and Papias were struck down by the sword.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Donatus, Justus, Herena, and their Companions.
At Constantinople, Saint Tarasius, Bishop, distinguished for his learning and piety; to whom there exists a letter of Pope Hadrian I for the defense of the holy Images.
At Nazianzus, in Cappadocia, Saint Caesarius, who was the son of Blessed Nonna and the brother of Blessed Gregory the Theologian and of Gorgonia, and whom the same Gregory testifies that he saw among the ranks of the blessed.
In the monastery of Heidenheim, in the diocese of Eichstatt, in Germany, Saint Walburga, Virgin, who was the daughter of Saint Richard, King of the English, and the sister of Saint Willibald, Bishop of Eichstatt.
February 26 (or 27)
At Perga, in Pamphylia, the birthday of Blessed Nestor, Bishop, who, in the persecution of Decius, while he persisted in prayer day and night, asking that the flock of Christ be guarded, was arrested, and, having confessed the name of the Lord with wondrous freedom and eagerness, was most cruelly tortured on the rack by order of the Governor Pollio; and at last, when he steadfastly professed that he would always cling to Christ, he departed victorious to heaven by suspension on the cross.
At the same place, the passion of the holy Papias, Diodorus, Conon, and Claudian, who preceded Saint Nestor in martyrdom.
Likewise, the holy Martyrs Fortunatus, Felix, and twenty-seven others.
At Alexandria, Saint Alexander, Bishop, a glorious old man, who, after Blessed Peter, Bishop of that city, inflamed with zeal for the faith, cast out from the Church his priest Arius, who had been corrupted by heretical impiety and convicted by divine truth; and afterwards, among the three hundred and eighteen Fathers, condemned the same at the Council of Nicaea.
At Bologna, Saint Faustinian, Bishop, who strengthened and enlarged that Church, which had been afflicted by the persecution of Diocletian, by the word of preaching.
At Gaza, in Palestine, Saint Porphyry, Bishop, who, in the time of the Emperor Arcadius, overthrew the idol Marnas and its temple, and, having suffered much, rested in the Lord.
At Florence, Saint Andrew, Bishop and Confessor.
In the territory of Archiac, in Gaul, Saint Victor, Confessor, whose praises Saint Bernard wrote.
February 27 (or 28)
At Isola, in Abruzzo, Saint Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows, Cleric of the Congregation called of the Cross and Passion of the Lord, and Confessor; who, renowned for great merits within a brief span of life and for miracles after death, was enrolled in the canon of Saints by Pope Benedict XV.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Alexander, Abundius, Antigonus, and Fortunatus.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saint Julian, Martyr, who, being so afflicted with gout that he could neither walk nor stand, was brought before the Judge together with two servants who carried him in a chair; of whom one denied the faith, while the other, named Eunus, persevered with his master in the confession of Christ. Julian and Eunus were then placed upon camels and ordered to be led through the whole city, and to be torn with scourges, and at last, a pyre being kindled, to be burned while the people watched from all sides.
At the same place, Saint Besas, a soldier, who, when he restrained those who were insulting the aforementioned Martyrs, was brought before the Judge, and, steadfastly acting for the faith, was beheaded.
At Seville, in Spain, the birthday of Saint Leander, Bishop of that city, who, the brother of Saint Isidore the Bishop and of Saint Florentina the Virgin, by his preaching and zeal, with the help of Reccared, their King, converted the Visigothic nation from Arian impiety to the Catholic faith.
At Constantinople, the holy Confessors Basil and Procopius, who, in the time of the Emperor Leo, strenuously contended for the veneration of the holy Images.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Baldomerus, Subdeacon, a man devoted to God, whose tomb is renowned for frequent miracles.
February 28 (or 29)
At Rome, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Macarius, Rufinus, Justus, and Theophilus.
At Alexandria, the passion of the holy Cerealis, Pupulus, Caius, and Serapion.
At the same place, the commemoration of holy Priests, Deacons, and very many others; who, in the time of the Emperor Valerian, when a most savage plague was raging, ministering to those suffering from the disease, most willingly met death, and whom the devout faith of the pious has been accustomed to venerate as Martyrs.
At Rome, Saint Hilarus, Pope and Confessor.
In the territory of Lyon, in the Jura region, the burial of Saint Romanus, Abbot, who was the first to lead the eremitical life there, and, renowned for many virtues and miracles, afterwards became the Father of very many monks.
At Pavia, the Translation of the body of Saint Augustine, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, from the island of Sardinia, through the efforts of Luitprand, King of the Lombards.
March
March 1
At Rome, the two hundred and sixty holy Martyrs whom Claudius first ordered, after they were condemned for the name of Christ, to dig sand outside the Salarian Gate, and then to be killed by the arrows of soldiers in the amphitheater.
Likewise, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others.
At Marseilles, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Hermes and Hadrian.
At Heliopolis, near Lebanon, Saint Eudocia, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Trajan, having been baptized by Bishop Theodotus and fortified for the contest, was struck with the sword at that place by order of the Governor Vincentius, and received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, Saint Antonina, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, because she had mocked the gods of the pagans, was, after various tortures, enclosed in a vessel and submerged in the marsh of the city of Cea.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Felix, Pope the Third, who was the great-great-grandfather of Saint Gregory the Great; who also (as Gregory himself relates), appearing to his granddaughter Saint Tarsilla, called her to the heavenly kingdom.
At the city of Werda, Saint Suitbert, Bishop, who, in the time of Saint Pope Sergius I, preached the Gospel among the Frisians, Batavians, and other peoples of Germany.
At Angers, in Gaul, Saint Albinus, Bishop and Confessor, a man of most illustrious virtue and holiness.
At Le Mans, in Gaul, Saint Siviard, Abbot.
At Perugia, the Translation of Saint Herculanus, Bishop and Martyr, who was beheaded by order of Totila, King of the Goths. His body was found so united to its head and whole, on the fortieth day after the severing (as Saint Pope Gregory writes), as if no cut of iron had touched it.
March 2
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the holy Martyrs Jovinus and Basileus, who suffered under the Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
Likewise at Rome, very many holy Martyrs, who, under the Emperor Alexander and the Prefect Ulpian, were tortured for a long time and at last condemned by a capital sentence.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy Martyrs Lucius the Bishop, Absalon, and Lorgius.
At Portus Romanus, the holy Martyrs Paul, Heraclius, Secundilla, and Januaria.
In Campania, the commemoration of eighty holy Martyrs, who, because they refused to eat meat sacrificed to idols or to worship the head of a goat, were most cruelly slain by the Lombards.
At Lichfield, in England, Saint Chad, Bishop of the Mercians and of Lindisfarne, whose illustrious virtues Saint Bede the Venerable commemorates.
March 3
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy Martyrs Marinus, a soldier, and Asterius, a senator, in the persecution of Valerian. The first of these, when he had been accused by his fellow soldiers as a Christian, and, being questioned by the Judge, testified with a most clear voice that he was a Christian, received the crown of martyrdom by the severing of his head; and when Asterius received the body of the Martyr, which had been beheaded, upon his shoulders and on the garment he was wearing spread beneath, he at once himself also received the honor of Martyrdom which he had shown to the Martyr.
At Calahorra, in Spain, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Emeterius and Chelidonius, brothers, who, while they served in the military camp at Leon, a city of Galicia, both, when the storm of persecution arose, having traveled as far as Calahorra for the confession of the name of Christ, were there afflicted with many torments and crowned with martyrdom.
On the same day, the passion of the holy Felix, Luciolus, Fortunatus, Marcia, and their Companions.
Likewise, the holy soldiers Cleonicus, Eutropius, and Basiliscus, who, in the persecution of Maximian, under the Governor Asclepiades, happily triumphed through the punishment of the cross.
At Brescia, Saint Titian, Bishop and Confessor.
At Bamberg, Saint Cunegunde, Empress, who, married to Saint Henry I, Emperor of the Romans, preserved perpetual virginity with his consent; and, enriched with the merits of good works, rested with a holy end, and after death was renowned for miracles.
March 4
At Vilna, in Lithuania, Blessed Casimir, Confessor, descended from King Casimir, whom Leo X, the Roman Pontiff, enrolled in the number of the Saints.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Saint Lucius I, Pope and Martyr; who, first banished into exile in the persecution of Valerian for the faith of Christ, and afterwards permitted by divine will to return to his Church, at last, having labored greatly against the Novatians, completed his martyrdom by beheading. Saint Cyprian celebrated him with the highest praises.
At Nicomedia, Saint Hadrian, Martyr, with twenty-three others, who all, under the Emperor Diocletian, completed their martyrdom by the breaking of their legs. Their relics, brought by Christians to Byzantium, were buried with reverent honor; from there the body of Saint Hadrian was afterwards translated to Rome on the sixth of the Ides of September, on which day his feast is principally celebrated.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, nine hundred holy Martyrs, who were laid to rest in the cemetery near Saint Cecilia.
At Chersonesus, the passion of the holy Bishops Basil, Eugene, Agathodorus, Elpidius, Aetherius, Capito, Ephraem, Nestor, and Arcadius.
On the same day, Saint Caius of the Palace, drowned in the sea, and twenty-seven others.
Likewise, the passion of the holy Archelaus, Cyril, and Photius.
March 5
At Antioch, the birthday of Saint Phocas, Martyr, who, after the many injuries he suffered for the name of the Redeemer, how he triumphed over that ancient serpent is even today declared to the people by this miracle: that if anyone has been bitten by a serpent, as soon as he touches the door of the Basilica of the Martyr with faith, he is immediately healed, the power of the venom being nullified.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, Saint Hadrian, Martyr, who, in the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian, by order of the Governor Firmilian, was first thrown to a lion for the faith of Christ, then slain by the sword, and received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the passion of Saint Eusebius of the Palace, and nine other Martyrs.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, Saint Theophilus, Bishop, who, under the Emperor Severus, shone forth, distinguished for his wisdom and integrity of life.
On the bank of the Jordan, also in Palestine, Saint Gerasimus, Anchorite and Abbot, who flourished in the time of the Emperor Zeno.
At Naples, in Campania, the burial of Saint John Joseph of the Cross, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor, who, emulating the endeavors of Saints Francis of Assisi and Peter of Alcantara, added distinguished honor to the Seraphic Order, and was enrolled in the canon of Saints by Pope Gregory XVI.
March 6
The holy Perpetua and Felicity, Martyrs, who on the following day received the glorious crown of martyrdom from the Lord.
At Tortona, Saint Marcian, Bishop and Martyr, who, under Trajan, was slain for the glory of Christ and crowned.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Victor and Victorinus, who, for three years, together with Claudian and his wife Bassa, were afflicted with many torments and thrust into prison, where they completed the course of their life.
In Cyprus, Saint Conon, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Decius, had his feet pierced with nails and was ordered to run before a chariot; he fell upon his knees and gave up his spirit in prayer.
In Syria, the passion of forty-two holy Martyrs, who, having been captured at Amorium and brought there, completed a distinguished contest and received the palm of martyrdom as victors.
At Constantinople, Saint Evagrius, who, in the time of Valens, was elected Bishop by the Catholics, and, having been sent into exile by the same Emperor, departed to the Lord as a Confessor.
At Bologna, Saint Basil, Bishop, who, ordained by Saint Pope Sylvester, governed the Church entrusted to him most holily by word and example.
At Barcelona, in Spain, Blessed Olegarius, first a Canon, and afterwards Bishop of Barcelona, and Archbishop of Tarragona.
At Viterbo, Blessed Rose, Virgin, of the Third Order of Saint Francis.
At Ghent, in Flanders, Saint Colette, Virgin, who, having first professed the rule of the Third Order of the Franciscans, then, inspired by the Holy Spirit, restored very many monasteries of Nuns of the Second Order of the same to their original discipline; and, adorned with divine virtues and renowned for innumerable miracles, was inscribed in the register of Saints by Pius VII, the Supreme Pontiff.
March 7
In the monastery of Fossa Nova, near Terracina, in Campania, Saint Thomas Aquinas, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, of the Order of Preachers, most illustrious for the nobility of his family, the holiness of his life, and his knowledge of Theology; whom Pope Leo XIII declared the heavenly Patron of all Catholic schools.
At Carthage, the birthday of the holy Perpetua and Felicity, Martyrs; of whom Felicity, being pregnant (as Saint Augustine says), was waited for according to the laws until she gave birth: while giving birth, she was in pain; when thrown to the wild beasts, she rejoiced. There also suffered with them Satyrus, Saturninus, Revocatus, and Secundulus; the last of whom died in prison, while all the rest were tormented by various beasts, and at last dispatched by the blows of swords, under the Emperor Severus. The feast of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, however, is commemorated on the day before this.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the passion of Saint Eubulus, who was a companion of Saint Hadrian, and, two days after him, was torn by lions and slain by the sword, and received the crown of martyrdom as the last of all in that city.
At Nicomedia, Saint Theophilus, Bishop, who, driven into exile for the veneration of the holy Images, died there.
At Pelusium, in Egypt, Saint Paul, Bishop, who, for the same cause, died in exile.
At Brescia, Saint Gaudiosus, Bishop and Confessor.
In the Thebaid, Saint Paul, surnamed the Simple.
At Florence, in Etruria, Saint Teresa Margaret Redi, Virgin, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, admirable for the purity and simplicity of her life, whom Pope Pius XI inscribed in the register of holy Virgins.
March 8
At Granada, in Spain, Saint John of God, Confessor, who was the Founder of the Order of the Brothers of Hospitality for the Sick, and was distinguished for his mercy toward the poor and his contempt of self; whom Leo XIII, the Supreme Pontiff, proclaimed the heavenly Patron of all hospitals and the sick.
At Nicomedia, Saint Quinctilis, Bishop and Martyr.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Cyril the Bishop, Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urban, Silvanus, and Mamillus.
At Antinoe, a city of Egypt, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Apollonius the Deacon and Philemon; who, seized and brought before the Judge, and, since they steadfastly refused to sacrifice to idols, both had their heels pierced, were horribly dragged through the city, and at last, struck down by the sword, completed their martyrdom.
At the same place, the passion of the holy Arianus the Governor, Theoticus, and three others, whom the Judge killed by drowning them in the sea, but by the service of dolphins their bodies were carried to shore.
At Carthage, Saint Pontius, who was the Deacon of Blessed Cyprian the Bishop, and, enduring exile with him until the day of his death, left an excellent volume of his life and passion, and, always glorifying the Lord in his own sufferings, merited the crown of life.
At Toledo, in Spain, the burial of Blessed Julian, Bishop and Confessor, most celebrated for his holiness and learning.
In England, Saint Felix, Bishop, who converted the East Angles to the faith.
March 9
At Rome, Saint Frances, Widow, celebrated for the nobility of her family, the holiness of her life, and the gift of miracles.
At Sebaste, in Armenia, the birthday of the forty holy soldiers of Cappadocia, who, in the time of the Emperor Licinius, under the Governor Agricolaus, after chains and the most foul prisons, after having their faces struck with stones, were ordered, naked under the open sky in the coldest time of winter, to spend the night on a frozen pond, where their bodies, seized by the frost, were torn apart, and at last they completed their martyrdom by the breaking of their legs. Among them the more notable were Cyrion and Candidus; and the illustrious glories of all of them were celebrated in their writings by Saint Basil and other Fathers. The feast of these Martyrs is commemorated on the following day.
At Nyssa, the burial of Saint Gregory, Bishop, who was the son of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and likewise the brother of Saints Basil the Great and Peter, Bishop of Sebaste, and of the Virgin Macrina; and, most renowned for his life and learning, was driven from his city for the defense of the Catholic faith under the Arian Emperor Valens.
At Barcelona, in Spain, Saint Pacian, Bishop, distinguished both in life and in speech; who, in the time of the Emperor Theodosius, met the end of his life in extreme old age.
At Bologna, Saint Catherine, Virgin, of the Second Order of Saint Francis, who was illustrious for the holiness of her life. Her body is venerated there with great honor.
March 10
The holy Forty Martyrs, whose feast day is recorded on the day before this one.
At Apamea, in Phrygia, the feast of the holy Martyrs Caius and Alexander, who (as Apollinaris, Bishop of Hierapolis, writes in his book against the Cataphrygian heretics) were crowned with a glorious martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
In Persia, the passion of the holy forty-two Martyrs.
At Corinth, the holy Martyrs Codratus, Dionysius, Cyprian, Anectus, Paul, and Crescens, who, in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, under the Governor Jason, were slain by the sword.
In Africa, Saint Victor the Martyr, on whose solemnity Saint Augustine delivered a discourse about him to the people.
At Rome, Saint Simplicius, Pope and Confessor.
At Jerusalem, Saint Macarius, Bishop and Confessor, at whose urging the holy places were cleansed by Constantine the Great and Blessed Helena, his mother, and adorned with sacred basilicas.
At Paris, the burial of Saint Droctoveus, Abbot, who was a disciple of Blessed Germanus the Bishop.
At the monastery of Bobbio, Saint Attala, Abbot, renowned for miracles.
March 11
At Sardis, Saint Euthymius, Bishop, who, on account of his veneration of the holy Images, was sent into exile by Michael, the Iconoclast Emperor; and finally, under the reign of Theophilus, was inhumanly beaten with ox sinews and completed his martyrdom.
At Cordova, in Spain, Saint Eulogius, Priest and Martyr, who, in the persecution of the Saracens, for his distinguished and fearless confession of Christ, was struck with blows and slaps and beheaded by the sword, and merited to be joined to the Martyrs of that same city, whose struggles for the faith he had emulated by writing about them.
At Carthage, the holy Martyrs Heraclius and Zosimus.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saints Candidus, Piperio, and twenty others.
At Laodicea, in Syria, the holy Martyrs Trophimus and Thalus, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, after many and cruel torments, obtained the crowns of glory.
At Antioch, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs, some of whom, by order of the Emperor Maximian, were placed upon white-hot gridirons, roasted not to death but for prolonged torment, while others, subjected to various most cruel punishments, attained the palm of martyrdom.
Likewise, the holy Martyrs Gorgonius and Firmus.
At Jerusalem, Saint Sophronius, Bishop.
At Milan, Saint Benedict, Bishop.
In the territory of Amiens, Saint Firminus, Abbot.
At Carthage, Saint Constantine, Confessor.
At Babuco, in the Hernican territory, Saint Peter, Confessor, distinguished for the glory of his miracles.
March 12
At Rome, Saint Gregory the First, Pope, Confessor, and outstanding Doctor of the Church, who, on account of his illustrious deeds and the conversion of the English to the faith of Christ, was called the Great and named the Apostle of the English.
At the same place, the burial of Saint Innocent the First, Pope and Confessor. His feast, however, is celebrated on the fifth day before the Kalends of August.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Mamilian, Martyr.
At Nicomedia, Saints Egdunus the Priest and seven others, who were suffocated one by one on successive days, so that fear might be struck into the rest.
At the same place, the passion of Saint Peter the Martyr, who, since he was a chamberlain of the Emperor Diocletian and spoke too freely in complaint about the immense punishments of the Martyrs, was on that account, by order of the same Emperor, brought forward, and first was suspended and tortured with scourges for a very long time, then drenched with vinegar and salt, and finally roasted on a gridiron over a slow fire; and thus he truly proved himself the heir of Peter both in faith and in name.
At Constantinople, Saint Theophanes, who, from being very wealthy, became a poor monk, and was detained in prison for two years by the impious Leo the Armenian for his veneration of the sacred Images, and then was deported to Samothrace, where, worn out by hardships, he gave up his spirit, and was renowned for many miracles.
At Capua, Saint Bernard, Bishop and Confessor.
March 13
At Cordova, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Roderick the Priest and Solomon.
At Nicomedia, the feast of the holy Martyrs Macedonius, his wife Patricia, and their daughter Modesta.
At Nicaea, in Bithynia, the holy Martyrs Theusetas and his son Horres, Theodora, Nymphodora, Mark, and Arabia, all of whom were consigned to the fire for Christ.
At Hermopolis, in Egypt, Saint Sabinus the Martyr, who, after suffering many things, was at last thrown into a river and completed his martyrdom.
In Persia, Saint Christina, Virgin and Martyr.
At Camerino, Saint Ansovinus, Bishop and Confessor.
In the Thebaid, the burial of Saint Euphrasia, Virgin.
At Constantinople, the Translation of Saint Nicephorus, Bishop of that city and Confessor, whose body was brought back to Constantinople from Proconnesus, an island in the Propontis, where he had died in exile on the fourth day before the Nones of June for his veneration of the holy Images; and it was honorably buried by Saint Methodius, Bishop of that city, in the church of the Holy Apostles, on this very recurring day on which Nicephorus had once been deported into exile.
March 14
At Rome, in the Verano field, Saint Leo, Bishop and Martyr.
Likewise at Rome, the feast of the holy forty-seven Martyrs, who were baptized by the blessed Apostle Peter while he was held in the Mamertine prison with his fellow Apostle Paul, where they were detained for nine months; all of whom, under the most devout confession of faith, were put to death by the sword of Nero.
In the Province of Valeria, two holy Monks whom the Lombards hanged from a tree; on which tree the Martyrs, although dead, were heard by the enemies themselves singing psalms.
In that same persecution, a Deacon of the Church of the Marsi was beheaded for his confession of the faith.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Peter and Aphrodisius, who received the crown of martyrdom in the Vandal persecution.
At Carrhae, in Mesopotamia, Saint Eutychius the patrician and his Companions, who were slain by Evelid, King of the Arabs, for their confession of the faith.
At Halberstadt, in Germany, the passing of Blessed Matilda the Queen, mother of Otto the First, Emperor of the Romans, distinguished for her humility and patience.
March 15
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the passion of Saint Longinus the soldier, who is said to have pierced the Lord's side with a lance.
On the same day, the feast of Saint Aristobulus, a disciple of the Apostles, who, having completed the course of his preaching, fulfilled his martyrdom.
In the Hellespont, Saint Menignus the fuller, who suffered under the Emperor Decius.
In Egypt, Saint Nicander the Martyr, who, while zealously searching for the relics of the holy Martyrs, himself merited to become a Martyr under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Cordova, in Spain, Saint Leocritia, Virgin and Martyr, who, for the faith of Christ, in the Arabian persecution, was afflicted with various tortures and beheaded by the sword.
At Thessalonica, Saint Matrona, who, being a maidservant of a certain Jewish woman and secretly worshipping Christ, and daily frequenting the Church with furtive prayers, was discovered by her mistress and afflicted in many ways, and finally, beaten to death with heavy clubs, yielded her uncorrupted spirit to God in the confession of Christ.
At Rieti, Saint Probus, Bishop, to whom, as he lay dying, the Martyrs Juvenal and Eleutherius appeared.
At Vienna, in Austria, Saint Clement Mary Hofbauer, a professed priest of the Congregation called of the Most Holy Redeemer, distinguished for the many labors he endured in promoting the glory of God and the salvation of souls, and in spreading that same Congregation; whom Pope Saint Pius the Tenth, illustrious for his virtues and miracles, enrolled in the canon of Saints.
At Capua, Saint Speciosus the Monk, whose soul (as Blessed Pope Gregory writes) his own brother saw being carried into heaven.
At Paris, Saint Louise de Marillac, the widow Le Gras, Co-Foundress together with Saint Vincent de Paul of the Society of the Daughters of Charity, most devoted to the relief of the poor, whom Pope Pius the Eleventh enrolled in the register of Saints.
March 16
At Rome, the passion of Saint Cyriacus the Deacon, who, after long wasting in prison, was drenched with melted pitch, stretched on the rack, pulled with sinews, and beaten with clubs, and finally, together with Largus, Smaragdus, and twenty others, was beheaded by order of Maximian. The feast of Saints Cyriacus, Largus, and Smaragdus is observed on the sixth day before the Ides of August, the day on which Blessed Pope Marcellus raised the bodies of those same twenty-three Martyrs and gave them honorable burial.
At Aquileia, the feast of Blessed Hilary the Bishop and Tatian the Deacon, who, under the Emperor Numerian and the Governor Beronius, after the rack and other torments, together with Felix, Largus, and Dionysius, completed their martyrdom.
In Lycaonia, Saint Papas the Martyr, who, for the faith of Christ, was beaten with blows, torn with iron hooks, and ordered to walk in nail-studded shoes; then, tied to a tree, as he departed to the Lord, he caused that same tree to become fruitful from barren.
At Anazarbus, in Cilicia, Saint Julian the Martyr, who, under the Governor Marcian, was tortured for a very long time, and finally, enclosed in a sack together with serpents, was cast into the sea.
In the Canadian territory, the holy Martyrs John de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalemant, Anthony Daniel, Charles Garnier, and Noel Chabanel, Priests of the Society of Jesus, who in the Huron Mission, on this and other days, after many labors and most cruel tortures, bravely met death for Christ.
At Ravenna, Saint Agapitus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Cologne, Saint Heribert, Bishop, celebrated for his holiness.
At Clermont, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Patrick, Bishop.
In Syria, Saint Abraham the Hermit, whose deeds Blessed Ephrem the Deacon recorded in writing.
March 17
At the city of Down, in Ireland, the feast of Saint Patrick, Bishop and Confessor, who was the first to preach Christ on that island and was renowned for his very great miracles and virtues.
At Jerusalem, Saint Joseph of Arimathea, who was a noble councilor and a disciple of the Lord, and buried the body of the Lord Himself, taken down from the cross, in his own new tomb.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Alexander and Theodore.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs, who were seized by the worshippers of Serapis and, when they steadfastly refused to adore the idol, were most cruelly beaten, in the time of the Emperor Theodosius, who soon issued a decree that the temple of Serapis should be destroyed.
At Constantinople, Saint Paul the Martyr, who, under Constantine Copronymus, while defending the veneration of the holy Images, was burned by fire.
At Chalon, in Gaul, Saint Agricola, Bishop.
At Nivelles, in Brabant, Saint Gertrude, Virgin, who, born of a most illustrious family, despising the world and exercising herself in all the duties of holiness throughout the whole course of her life, merited to have Christ as her Spouse in heaven.
March 18
At Jerusalem, Saint Cyril, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, who, having endured many injuries from the Arians for the cause of the faith and having been often expelled from his Church, at last, illustrious for the glory of his holiness, rested in peace. Moreover, the first Ecumenical Council of Constantinople, writing to Pope Saint Damasus, commended his unblemished faith with a distinguished testimony.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the feast of Blessed Alexander the Bishop, who, from Cappadocia, from his own city where he was Bishop, went to Jerusalem out of a desire to visit the holy places; and there, since that Church was governed by Narcissus, Bishop of that city, who was already aged, he undertook its governance, instructed by divine revelation. But afterwards, in the persecution of Decius, when he was already resplendent with the venerable white hair of advanced age, he was led to Caesarea, and shut up in prison, and completed his martyrdom for the confession of Christ.
At Augsburg, Saint Narcissus the Bishop, who was the first to preach the Gospel in Rhaetia; then he journeyed to Spain, and when he had converted many to the faith of Christ at Gerona, there, in the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian, together with Felix the Deacon, he received the palm of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, the holy ten thousand Martyrs, who were struck down by the sword for their confession of Christ.
At the same place, the holy Martyrs Trophimus and Eucarpius.
In Britain, Saint Edward the King, who, slain by the treachery of his stepmother, was renowned for many miracles.
At Lucca, in Tuscany, the feast of Saint Frigdian the Bishop, illustrious for the power of his miracles.
At Mantua, Saint Anselm, Bishop of Lucca and Confessor.
At Cagliari, in Sardinia, Saint Salvator of Horta, Confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor, who was renowned for his virtues and a singular gift of miracles, and was numbered among the heavenly Saints by Pope Pius the Eleventh.
March 19
In Judea, the feast of Saint Joseph, Spouse of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor; whom Pope Pius the Ninth, acceding to the prayers and petitions of the entire Catholic world, declared Patron of the Universal Church.
At Sorrento, the holy Martyrs Quinctus, Quinctilla, Quartilla, and Marcus, with nine others.
At Nicomedia, Saint Pancharius the Roman, who, under the Emperor Diocletian, renounced Christ in that Emperor's favor for the sake of empty gods, but, at the urging of his mother and sister, soon returned to the true faith, and for his unwavering constancy in it, was beaten with sinews and beheaded, and received the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, Saints Apollonius and Leontius, Bishops.
At Ghent, in Flanders, Saints Landoald, a Roman Priest, and Amantius the Deacon, who, sent by Pope Saint Martin to preach the Gospel, both faithfully fulfilled the apostolic work entrusted to them, and were distinguished after death by many miracles.
At the city of Penne, the feast of Blessed John, a man of great holiness, who came from Syria to Italy and there, having built a monastery, was Father of many servants of God for forty-four years, and, renowned for his virtues, rested in peace.
March 20
In Judea, the feast of Saint Joachim, father of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor. His feast, however, is observed on the seventeenth day before the Kalends of September.
In Asia, likewise the feast of Saint Archippus, who was a fellow soldier of the blessed Apostle Paul, and whom Paul himself mentions in his Epistle to Philemon and to the Colossians.
In Syria, the holy Martyrs Paul, Cyril, Eugene, and four others.
On the same day, Saints Photina the Samaritan Woman, her sons Joseph and Victor, and also Sebastian the Commander, Anatolius, Photius, Photis, Parasceve, and Cyriaca, who were sisters; all of whom, having confessed Christ, attained martyrdom.
At Amisus, in Paphlagonia, the seven holy women, namely Alexandra, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia, and Theodosia, who were slain in the confession of the faith; and Derphuta and her sister followed them.
At Apollonia, Saint Nicetas the Bishop, who, cast into exile for his veneration of the holy Images, gave up his spirit there.
At the monastery of Fontenelle, in Gaul, Saint Wulfran, Bishop of Sens, who, having relinquished his episcopate, died there, renowned for miracles.
In Britain, the burial of Saint Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne, who, from boyhood until death, shone forth with holy works and miraculous signs.
At Siena, in Tuscany, Blessed Ambrose, of the Order of Preachers, renowned for holiness, preaching, and miracles.
March 21
At Monte Cassino, the feast of Saint Benedict the Abbot, who restored the nearly collapsed discipline of monks in the West and wonderfully spread it; whose life, glorious for virtues and miracles, Blessed Pope Gregory recorded in writing.
At Catania, in Sicily, Saint Beryllus, who, ordained Bishop by Blessed Peter, there, after converting many of the Gentiles to the faith, rested in peace in extreme old age.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy Martyrs who, under the Emperor Constantius and the Prefect Philagrius, when Arians and pagans burst into the churches, were slain on Good Friday.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Philemon and Domninus.
At Alexandria, Blessed Serapion, anchorite and Bishop of Thmuis, a man of great virtues, who, driven into exile by the fury of the Arians, departed to the Lord as a Confessor.
In the territory of Lyon, Saint Lupicinus the Abbot, whose life was illustrious for the glory of his holiness and miracles.
At the place of Ranft, near Sachseln, in Switzerland, Saint Nicholas of Flue, a father of a family and then an anchorite, distinguished for the strictest penance and contempt of the world, called the father of his country by the Swiss, whom Pope Pius the Twelfth enrolled in the register of Saints.
March 22
At Narbonne, in Gaul, the feast of Saint Paul the Bishop, a disciple of the Apostles, who is said to have been Sergius Paulus the Proconsul. He was baptized by the blessed Apostle Paul and, when Paul was proceeding to Spain, was left at Narbonne, and there was invested with the episcopal dignity; and there, having diligently fulfilled the office of preaching, renowned for miracles, he departed to heaven.
At Terracina, in Campania, Saint Epaphroditus, a disciple of the Apostles, who was ordained Bishop of that city by the blessed Apostle Peter.
At Ancyra, in Galatia, Saint Basil, Priest and Martyr, who, under Julian the Apostate, was subjected to the most grievous tortures and yielded his soul to God.
At Carthage, Saint Octavian the Archdeacon, and many thousands of Martyrs who were slain by the Vandals for the Catholic faith.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Saturninus and nine others.
In Galatia, the feast of the holy Martyrs Callinica and Basilissa.
At Rome, Saint Zachary the Pope, who governed the Church of God with the utmost vigilance and, renowned for his merits, rested in peace.
At Carthage, Saint Deogratias, Bishop of Carthage, who ransomed very many captives taken from Rome by the Vandals, and, celebrated for other holy works, rested in the Lord.
At Osimo, in Picenum, Saint Benvenutus, Bishop.
At Rome, Saint Lea, Widow, whose virtues and passing to God Saint Jerome describes.
March 23
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Victorianus, Proconsul of Carthage, and two brothers from Aquae Regiae; likewise Frumentius and another Frumentius, merchants. All of these, in the Vandal persecution (as Victor, the African Bishop, writes), under the Arian King Hunneric, for the constancy of their Catholic confession, were tortured with the most monstrous punishments and gloriously crowned.
Likewise in Africa, Saint Fidelis the Martyr.
At the same place, Saint Felix and twenty other Martyrs.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the holy Martyrs Nicon and ninety-nine others.
Likewise the crown of the holy Martyrs Domitius, Pelagia, Aquila, Eparchius, and Theodosia.
At Lima, in Peru, Saint Turibius the Bishop, through whose virtue the faith and ecclesiastical discipline were spread throughout the Americas.
At Antioch, Saint Theodulus the Priest.
At Barcelona, in Spain, Saint Joseph Oriol the Priest, Beneficiary of the Church of Saint Mary of the Kings, celebrated for every kind of virtue and especially for bodily mortification, the practice of poverty, and charity toward the poor and the sick; whom Pope Pius the Tenth, glorious in life and after death for miracles, enrolled in the number of the Saints.
At Caesarea, Saint Julian, Confessor.
In Campania, Saint Benedict the Monk, who, enclosed by the Goths in a burning oven, was found unharmed the following day.
March 24
The feast of Saint Gabriel the Archangel, who was sent by God to announce the mystery of the Incarnation of the divine Word.
At Rome, Saint Epigmenius the Priest, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Judge Turpius, was slain by the sword and completed his martyrdom.
At the same place, the passion of Blessed Pigmenius the Priest, who, under Julian the Apostate, for the faith of Christ, was thrown into the Tiber and killed.
Likewise at Rome, the holy Martyrs Mark and Timothy, who were crowned with martyrdom under the Emperor Antoninus.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the feast of the holy Martyrs Timolaus, Dionysius, Pausides, Romulus, Alexander, another Alexander, Agapius, and another Dionysius, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Urbanus, were struck with the blow of an axe and merited the crowns of life.
In Mauretania, likewise the feast of the holy brothers Romulus and Secundus, who suffered for the faith of Christ.
At Trent, the passion of the holy child Simon, most cruelly murdered by the Jews, who afterwards shone forth with many miracles.
At Synnada, in Phrygia, Saint Agapitus, Bishop.
At Brescia, Saint Latinus, Bishop.
In Syria, Saint Seleucus, Confessor.
In Sweden, Saint Catherine, Virgin, who was the daughter of Saint Bridget.
March 25
The Annunciation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Jerusalem, the commemoration of the holy Thief, who, confessing Christ on the cross, merited to hear from Him: "Today you shall be with Me in paradise."
At Rome, Saint Quirinus the Martyr, who, under the Emperor Claudius, after the loss of his possessions, after the squalor of prison, after the affliction of many beatings, was slain by the sword and thrown into the Tiber; whom the Christians, having found him on the island of Lycaonia (which was afterwards called the island of Saint Bartholomew), buried in the cemetery of Pontian.
Likewise at Rome, the holy two hundred and sixty-two Martyrs.
At Sirmium, the passion of Saint Irenaeus, Bishop and Martyr, who, in the time of the Emperor Maximian, under the Governor Probus, was first afflicted with the sharpest torments, then tortured for many days in prison, and finally, with his head cut off, completed his martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, Saint Dula, a handmaid of a certain soldier, who, having been killed for preserving her chastity, merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Laodicea, near Lebanon, Saint Pelagius, Bishop, who, for the Catholic faith, in the time of Valens, suffered exile and other things; and at length, restored to his see, he rested in the Lord.
On Aindre, an island of the Loire river, Saint Hermeland, Abbot, whose glorious way of life is commended by the distinguished fame of his miracles.
At Pistoia, in Tuscany, the holy Confessors Barontius and Desiderius.
At Montefiascone, Saint Lucy Filippini, Foundress of the Institute of the Pious Teachers named after her surname, most excellently deserving for the Christian education of girls and women, especially the poor, whom Pope Pius XI numbered among the holy Virgins.
March 26
At Rome, on the Via Lavicana, Saint Castulus, Martyr, who, being the keeper of the apartments of the Palace and host of the Saints, was three times hung up by the persecutors, three times interrogated, and, persevering in his confession of the Lord, was cast into a pit, and, a mass of sand being released upon him, was crowned with martyrdom.
Likewise at Rome, the crown of the holy Martyrs Peter, Marcian, Jovinus, Thecla, Cassian, and others.
In Pentapolis, in Libya, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Theodore, Bishop, Irenaeus, Deacon, Serapion and Ammonius, Lectors.
At Sirmium, the holy Martyrs Montanus, Priest, and Maxima, who, for the faith of Christ, were drowned in a river.
Likewise the holy Martyrs Quadratus, Theodosius, Emmanuel, and forty others.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Eutychius and others, who, in the time of Constantius, under the Arian Bishop George, were slain by the sword for the Catholic faith.
On the same day, Saint Ludger, Bishop of Munster, who preached the Gospel to the Saxons.
At Saragossa, in Spain, Saint Braulio, Bishop and Confessor.
At Trier, Saint Felix, Bishop.
March 27
Saint John Damascene, Priest, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, whose birthday is celebrated on the day before the Nones of May.
At Drizipara, in Pannonia, Saint Alexander, a soldier, who, under the Emperor Maximian, after overcoming many struggles for Christ and performing many miracles, completed his martyrdom by the cutting off of his head.
In Illyricum, the holy Senator Philetus, his wife Lydia, their sons Macedo and Theoprepius, and likewise Amphilochius the Duke and Cronidas the Keeper of Records; who, for the confession of Christ, having overcome many torments, attained the crown of glory.
In Persia, the holy Martyrs Zanitas, Lazarus, Marotas, Narses, and five others, who, under Sapor, King of the Persians, most cruelly slaughtered, merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Salzburg, in Noricum, Saint Rupert, Bishop and Confessor, who wonderfully spread the Gospel among the Bavarians and the people of Noricum.
In Egypt, Saint John the Hermit, a man of great holiness, who, among other marks of virtue, being also filled with the prophetic spirit, foretold to the Emperor Theodosius his victories over the tyrants Maximus and Eugenius.
March 28
Saint John of Capistrano, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor, whose memorial is celebrated on the tenth day before the Kalends of November.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Priscus, Malchus, and Alexander. These three, in the persecution of Valerian, while living in a small suburban field of the aforesaid city, and while the heavenly crowns of martyrdom were being offered there, of their own accord, inflamed by the divine heat of faith, went to the Judge, and reproached him for raging so fiercely against the blood of the pious; whereupon he immediately delivered them, in the name of Christ, to be devoured by beasts.
At Tarsus, in Cilicia, the holy Martyrs Castor and Dorotheus.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Rogatus, Successus, and sixteen others.
At Nursia, Saint Spes, Abbot, a man of wondrous patience, whose soul (as Saint Pope Gregory relates), when it departed from this life, was seen by all the brethren to ascend to heaven in the form of a dove.
At Chalon, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Guntram, King of the Franks, who so devoted himself to spiritual works that, abandoning the pomps of the world, he generously bestowed his treasures upon churches and the poor.
March 29
At Heliopolis, near Lebanon, Saint Cyril, Deacon and Martyr, whose liver, torn from his ripped-open belly, the pagans, under Julian the Apostate, savagely devoured.
In Persia, the holy Monks and Martyrs Jonas and Barachisius, brothers, under Sapor, King of the Persians. Of these, Jonas was pressed in a screw-press, his bones crushed, and cut in half; Barachisius, however, was suffocated when his throat was filled with burning pitch.
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy Martyrs Pastor, Victorinus, and their Companions.
In Africa, the holy Confessors Armogastes the Count, Mascula the chief mime, and Saturus the steward of the royal household; who, in the time of the Vandal persecution, under the Arian King Genseric, for their confession of the truth, having endured many and grievous tortures and insults, completed the course of their glorious contest.
In the city of Asti, Saint Secundus, Martyr.
In the monastery of Luxeuil, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Eustasius, Abbot, who was a disciple of Saint Columban and father of nearly six hundred monks; and, distinguished for holiness of life, he was also renowned for miracles.
March 30
At Rome, on the Via Appia, the passion of Blessed Quirinus the Tribune, father of Saint Balbina the Virgin, who was baptized by Blessed Pope Alexander, whom he held in custody, together with his entire household; and, under the Emperor Hadrian, when he had been delivered to the Judge Aurelian and persisted in the confession of the faith, this unconquered soldier of Christ, after the cutting out of his tongue, suspension on the rack, and the severing of his hands and feet, completed his martyrdom's struggle by the sword.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Domninus, Victor, and their Companions.
At Constantinople, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs of the Catholic communion, whom, in the time of Constantius, Macedonius the heresiarch tortured with unheard-of kinds of torments and killed; for, among other things, he cut off the breasts of faithful women between the pressed-together edges of chests, and burned them with red-hot iron.
In the town of Senlis, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Regulus, Bishop of Arles.
At Orleans, in Gaul, Saint Pastor, Bishop.
At Syracuse, in Sicily, Saint Zosimus, Bishop and Confessor.
On Mount Sinai, Saint John Climacus, Abbot.
At Aguilera, in Spain, Saint Peter Regalado, born in the city of Valladolid, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor, restorer of regular discipline in the monasteries of Spain; whom Pope Benedict XIV inscribed in the register of the Saints.
At Aquino, Saint Clinius, Confessor.
March 31
At Tekoa, in Palestine, Saint Amos the Prophet, who was frequently afflicted with blows by the priest Amaziah, and pierced through the temples with a bar by the latter's son Uzziah; and afterward, carried half-alive to his homeland, he there expired and was buried with his fathers.
In Persia, Saint Benjamin the Deacon, who, because he would not cease preaching the Word of God, was, under King Yazdegerd, pierced under his fingernails with sharp reeds, and, a thorny stake having been driven through his bowels, completed his martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Theodulus, Anesius, Felix, Cornelia, and their Companions.
At Rome, Saint Balbina, Virgin, daughter of Blessed Quirinus the Martyr, who, baptized by Saint Pope Alexander, chose Christ as her Spouse in holy virginity; and, after conquering the course of this world, was buried on the Via Appia, beside her father.
April
April 1
At Rome, the passion of Saint Theodora, sister of the most illustrious Martyr Hermes, who, under the Emperor Hadrian, put to martyrdom by the Judge Aurelian, was buried beside her brother, on the Via Salaria, not far from the City.
On the same day, Saint Venantius, Bishop and Martyr.
In Egypt, the holy Martyrs Victor and Stephen.
In Armenia, the holy Martyrs Quinctian and Irenaeus.
At Constantinople, Saint Macarius, Confessor, who, under the Emperor Leo, for the defense of the holy Images, ended his life in exile.
At Ardpatrick, in the province of Munster in Ireland, Saint Celsus, Bishop, who preceded Blessed Malachy in the episcopate.
At Grenoble, in Gaul, Saint Hugh, Bishop, who spent many years living in solitude, and, renowned for the glory of his miracles, departed to the Lord.
At Amiens, in Gaul, Saint Waleric, Abbot, whose tomb is made illustrious by frequent miracles.
April 2
At Tours, in Gaul, Saint Francis of Paola, Confessor, who was the Founder of the Order of Minims; and, renowned for his virtues and miracles, was inscribed in the number of the Saints by Pope Leo X.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the birthday of Saint Apphian, Martyr, who, before Saint Aedesius the Martyr, his brother, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, when he had rebuked the Governor Urbanus for sacrificing to idols, was savagely torn apart, and, his feet being wrapped in linen dipped in oil and set on fire, was most bitterly tortured, and finally drowned in the sea; and so, passing through fire and water, he was led forth into refreshment.
In the same place, the passion of Saint Theodosia, a Virgin of Tyre, who, in the same persecution, when she had publicly greeted the holy Confessors standing before the tribunal and had asked them, when they reached the Lord, to remember her, was seized by soldiers and led to the Governor Urbanus; and at his command, her sides and breasts being torn open down to the entrails, she was at last cast into the sea.
At Langres, in Gaul, Saint Urbanus, Bishop.
At Como, Saint Abundius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Capua, Saint Victor, Bishop, distinguished for learning and holiness.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Nicetius, Bishop of that city, renowned for his life and miracles.
In Palestine, the burial of Saint Mary of Egypt, who is called the Sinner.
April 3
At Rome, the birthday of Blessed Sixtus I, Pope and Martyr; who, in the times of the Emperor Hadrian, governed the Church with the highest praise, and at last, under Antoninus Pius, in order to gain Christ for himself, willingly endured temporal death.
At Taormina, in Sicily, Saint Pancratius, Bishop, who sealed with the blood of martyrdom the Gospel of Christ, which he had been sent by Saint Peter the Apostle to preach there.
At Tomi, in Scythia, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Evagrius and Benignus.
At Tyre, in Phoenicia, Saint Vulpian, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, was sewn into a leather sack with a snake and a dog and drowned in the sea.
At Thessalonica, the passion of the holy Virgins Agape and Chionia, under the Emperor Diocletian, under whom also the holy Virgin Irene, their sister, was later to suffer. Both, since they refused to deny Christ, were first wasted in prison, afterward cast into the fire, but untouched by the flames, and there, having poured forth prayer to the Lord, they surrendered their souls.
In the monastery of Medikion, in Bithynia, the burial of Saint Nicetas, Abbot, who suffered much for the veneration of the holy Images under Leo the Armenian, and at length, near Constantinople, rested in peace as a Confessor.
In England, Saint Richard, Bishop of Chichester, distinguished for his holiness and the glory of his miracles.
At Faremoutiers, in the territory of Meaux, Saint Burgundofara, also called by the name of Fara, Abbess and Virgin.
April 4
At Seville, in Spain, Saint Isidore, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, distinguished for holiness and learning; who by his zeal for the Catholic faith and observance of ecclesiastical discipline illuminated the Spains.
At Milan, the burial of Saint Ambrose, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church; through whose zeal, among other marks of learning and miracles, in the time of the Arian perfidy, nearly all of Italy was converted to the Catholic faith. His feast, however, is principally celebrated on the seventh day before the Ides of December, the day on which he was ordained Bishop of Milan.
At Thessalonica, the holy Martyrs Agathopus the Deacon and Theodulus the Lector, who, under the Emperor Maximian and the Governor Faustinus, for the confession of the Christian faith, were drowned in the sea with a stone tied to their necks.
At Constantinople, Saint Plato, Monk, who for many years fought with unconquered spirit against the heretics, the destroyers of the holy Images.
In Palestine, Saint Zosimus, Anchorite, who attended to the burial of Saint Mary of Egypt.
At Palermo, Saint Benedict of San Fratello, surnamed the Black on account of his dark complexion, of the Order of Friars Minor, Confessor, who, renowned for signs and virtues, rested in the Lord, and was numbered among the Saints by Pope Pius VII.
April 5
At Vannes, in Brittany, Saint Vincent, surnamed Ferrer, of the Order of Preachers, Confessor, who, mighty in deed and word, converted many thousands of unbelievers to Christ.
In Africa, the passion of the holy Martyrs who, in the persecution of the Arian King Genseric, on Easter Day, were struck down in the Church; of whom the Lector, while he was singing "ALLELUIA" in the pulpit, was pierced through the throat with an arrow.
On the same day, Saint Zeno, Martyr, who, smeared with pitch and cast into the fire, and wounded with a lance in the midst of the pyre, was crowned with martyrdom.
On the island of Lesbos, the passion of five holy Virgins, who completed their martyrdom by the sword.
At Thessalonica, Saint Irene, Virgin, who, because she had hidden the sacred Books against the edict of Diocletian, was, after enduring imprisonment, struck with an arrow and burned with fire, by the command of the Governor Dulcetius; under whom her sisters Agape and Chionia had also previously suffered together.
At Palma, on the island of Majorca, Saint Catherine Thomas, Virgin, a Regular Canoness of the Order of Saint Augustine, whom Pope Pius XI numbered among the holy Virgins.
April 6
At Milan, the passion of Saint Peter, of the Order of Preachers, Martyr, who was slain by heretics for the Catholic faith. His feast, however, is celebrated on the third day before the Kalends of May.
At Velehrad, in Moravia, the birthday of Saint Methodius, Bishop and Confessor, who, together with Saint Cyril, likewise a Bishop and his brother, whose birthday is recorded on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of March, led many Slavic nations and their Kings to the faith of Christ. The feast of these Saints, however, is celebrated on the Nones of July.
In Macedonia, the holy Martyrs Timothy and Diogenes.
In Persia, one hundred and twenty holy Martyrs.
At Ascalon, in Palestine, the passion of the holy Platonides and two other Martyrs.
At Carthage, Saint Marcellinus, Martyr, who was killed by heretics for the defense of the Catholic faith.
In Denmark, Saint William, Abbot, renowned for his life and miracles.
April 7
At Rouen, the birthday of Saint John Baptist de La Salle, Priest and Confessor, who, excelling in the education of youth, especially the poor, and eminently deserving of both religion and civil society, established the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Pope Pius XII appointed him the principal heavenly Patron before God of all teachers engaged in the instruction of boys and youths. His feast, however, is celebrated on the Ides of May.
In Africa likewise, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Epiphanius the Bishop, Donatus, Rufinus, and thirteen others.
At Alexandria, Saint Peleusius, Priest and Martyr.
At Sinope, in Pontus, two hundred holy Martyrs.
In Cilicia, Saint Calliopius, Martyr, who, under the Prefect Maximian, after other torments, was nailed to a cross with his head turned toward the ground, and was adorned with the noble crown of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, Saint Cyriacus and ten other Martyrs.
At Verona, Saint Saturninus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Rome, Saint Hegesippus, who, close to the times of the Apostles, came to Rome during the pontificate of Anicetus, and remained there until Eleutherius, and in simple speech composed a history of the Acts of the Church from the Passion of the Lord down to his own time; so that he might also express in his manner of speaking the character of those whose life he followed.
In Syria, Saint Aphraates the Anchorite, who, in the time of Valens, defended the Catholic faith against the Arians by the power of miracles.
April 8
The commemoration of Saints Herodion, Asyncritus, and Phlegon, of whom Blessed Paul the Apostle writes in his Epistle to the Romans.
At Alexandria, Saint Aedesius, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Galerius Maximian, being the brother of Blessed Apphian, and openly rebuking the impious Judge for handing over Virgins consecrated to God to procurers, was therefore seized by soldiers and, subjected to the most savage punishments, was drowned in the sea for Christ the Lord.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria.
At Carthage, Saint Concessa, Martyr.
At Corinth, Blessed Dionysius, Bishop, who, by his learning and the grace he had in the Word of God, instructed by his letters not only the people of his own city and province but also the Bishops of other provinces and cities; and he so esteemed the Roman Pontiffs that he was accustomed to read their letters publicly in the church on the Lord's days. He flourished in the times of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
At Tours, in Gaul, Saint Perpetuus, Bishop, a man of admirable holiness.
At Ferentino, in the Hernican region, Saint Redemptus, Bishop, whom Blessed Pope Gregory mentions.
At Como, Saint Amantius, Bishop and Confessor.
April 9
In Judea, Saint Mary of Cleophas, whom Blessed John the Evangelist calls the sister of the most holy Mary, Mother of God, and relates that she stood together with her beside the Cross of Jesus.
At Antioch, Saint Prochorus, who was one of the first seven Deacons; and, renowned for his faith and miracles, was crowned with martyrdom.
At Rome, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Demetrius, Concessus, Hilary, and their Companions.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Saint Eupsychius, Martyr, who, for overthrowing a temple of Fortune, under Julian the Apostate, completed his martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs of Massyla, on whose birthday Saint Augustine delivered a treatise.
At Sirmium, the passion of seven holy Virgins and Martyrs, who, having together paid the price of their blood, purchased eternal life.
At Amida, in Mesopotamia, Saint Acatius, Bishop, who, for the ransom of captives, even melted down and sold the vessels of the Church.
At Rouen, Saint Hugh, Bishop and Confessor.
In the city of Die, in Gaul, Saint Marcellus, Bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Mons, in Hainaut, Blessed Waldetrudis, renowned for the holiness of her life and miracles.
At Rome, the Translation of the body of Saint Monica, mother of Blessed Bishop Augustine; which body, under Pope Martin V, was brought from Ostia Tiberina to the City and honorably enshrined in the Church of the same Blessed Augustine.
April 10
At Babylon, Saint Ezekiel the Prophet, who was killed by the Judge of the people of Israel because he reproached him for the worship of idols, and was buried in the tomb of Shem and Arphaxad, ancestors of Abraham; to which tomb many were accustomed to gather for the purpose of prayer.
At Rome, the birthday of very many holy Martyrs, whom Saint Pope Alexander baptized while he was being held in prison. All of these the Prefect Aurelian ordered to be placed on an old ship, taken out to the deep sea, and there, with stones tied to their necks, drowned.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Apollonius the Priest and five others, who, in the persecution of Maximian, were drowned in the sea.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Terentius, Africanus, Pompejus, and their Companions; who, under the Emperor Decius and the Prefect Fortunian, were beaten with rods, tortured on the rack, and afflicted with other punishments, and at last completed their martyrdom by beheading.
At Ghent, in Flanders, Saint Macarius, Bishop of Antioch, renowned for his virtues and miracles.
At Valladolid, in Spain, Saint Michael of the Saints, of the Order of the Discalced of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, Confessor, outstanding for innocence of life, admirable penance, and love of God; whom Pope Pius IX numbered among the Saints.
April 11
Saint Leo, Pope the First, surnamed the Great, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, whose birthday is celebrated on the fourth day before the Ides of November.
At Pergamum, in Asia, Saint Antipas, the faithful witness, whom Saint John mentions in the Apocalypse. This Antipas, under the Emperor Domitian, was cast into a red-hot brazen bull and completed his martyrdom.
At Salona, in Dalmatia, the holy Martyrs Domnio the Bishop, with eight soldiers.
At Gortyna, in Crete, Saint Philip, Bishop, most renowned for his life and learning, who, in the times of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, governing the Church entrusted to him, defended it from the fury of the pagans and the treachery of heretics.
At Nicomedia, Saint Eustorgius, Priest.
At Spoleto, Saint Isaac, Monk and Confessor, whose virtues Saint Pope Gregory commemorates.
At Gaza, in Palestine, Saint Barsanuphius, Anchorite, under the Emperor Justinian.
At Lucca, in Etruria, Saint Gemma Galgani, Virgin, wondrous for her contemplation of the Lord's Passion and the holiness of her life, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the Saints.
April 12
At Verona, the passion of Saint Zeno, Bishop, who governed that Church with wondrous constancy amid the storms of persecution, and, in the time of Gallienus, was crowned with martyrdom.
In Cappadocia, Saint Sabas the Goth, who, under the Emperor Valens, when Athanaric, King of the Goths, was persecuting Christians, was cast into a river after terrible torments; at which time also (as Saint Augustine writes) very many of the orthodox Goths were distinguished with the crown of martyrdom.
At Braga, in Lusitania, Saint Victor, Martyr, who, while still a catechumen, when he refused to worship an idol and had confessed Christ Jesus with great constancy, was therefore, after many torments, beheaded, and merited to be baptized in his own blood.
At Fermo, in Picenum, Saint Vissia, Virgin and Martyr.
At Rome, on the Aurelian Way, the birthday of Saint Julius, Pope the First, who labored greatly against the Arians for the Catholic faith, and, having accomplished many illustrious deeds, renowned for his holiness, rested in peace.
At the town of Gap, in Gaul, Saint Constantine, Bishop and Confessor.
At Pavia, Saint Damian, Bishop.
April 13
At Seville, in Spain, Saint Hermenegild, Martyr, who was the son of Leovigild, the Arian King of the Visigoths; and on account of his confession of the Catholic faith was cast into prison, and, when he refused to receive Communion from an Arian Bishop at the Easter solemnity, was struck with an axe by order of his treacherous father, and as King and Martyr entered the heavenly kingdom in place of the earthly one.
At Rome, in the persecution of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, the passion of Saint Justin, Philosopher and Martyr; who, when he had presented a second book in defense of our religion to the aforementioned Emperors and had vigorously championed it by disputation there, was accused through the treachery of Crescens the Cynic, whose wicked life and morals he had rebuked, of being a Christian, and received the gift of martyrdom as the reward of a faithful tongue. His feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Pergamum, in Asia, in the same persecution, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Carpus, Bishop of Thyatira; Papylus, Deacon, and Agathonica, sister of the same Papylus and an excellent woman, and Agathodorus, their servant, and many others. All of these, after various tortures, were crowned with martyrdom for their blessed confessions.
At Dorostorum, in Lower Moesia, the passion of Saints Maximus, Quinctilianus, and Dada, in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Ravenna, Saint Ursus, Bishop and Confessor.
April 14
Saint Justin, Philosopher and Martyr, whose commemoration is recorded on the day before this.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Tiburtius, Valerian, and Maximus, under the Emperor Alexander and the Prefect Almachius. The first two of these, converted to Christ by the exhortation of blessed Cecilia and baptized by the holy Pope Urban, were afterwards, on account of their confession of the faith, beaten with clubs and struck with the sword; but Maximus, the Prefect's chamberlain, when he too, moved by their constancy and strengthened by an angelic vision, had believed in Christ, was beaten with leaden scourges until he breathed his last.
At Terni, Saint Proculus, Bishop and Martyr.
On the same day, Saint Ardalion the actor, who, while mocking the sacred rites of the Christians in the theater, was suddenly changed, and confirmed those rites not only with words but also with the testimony of his blood.
At Terni, Saint Domnina, Virgin and Martyr, crowned along with her companion Virgins.
At Alexandria, Saint Thomais, Martyr, who was struck with a sword by her father-in-law, whose impure desires she had refused to consent to, and was cut in two through the middle.
At Lyons, in Gaul, Saint Lambert, Bishop and Confessor.
At Alexandria, Saint Fronto, Abbot, whose life was distinguished by holiness and miracles.
At Rome, Saint Abundius, Mansionary of the Church of Saint Peter.
April 15
At Rome, Saints Basilissa and Anastasia, noble women, who, being disciples of the Apostles and persisting steadfast in the confession of the faith, under the Emperor Nero, had their tongues and feet cut off, were struck with the sword, and obtained the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Maro, Eutyches, and Victorinus; who, at first exiled with blessed Flavia Domitilla on the island of Pontia for their confession of Christ, were afterwards set free under the Emperor Nerva, and finally, when they had converted very many to the faith, were ordered to be put to death by various punishments by the Judge Valerian in the persecution of Trajan.
In Persia, the holy Martyrs Maximus and Olympias, who, under the Emperor Decius, were beaten with clubs and leaden scourges; and at last their heads were struck with clubs until both expired.
At Ferentino, in the Hernician territory, Saint Eutychius, Martyr.
At Myra, in Lycia, Saint Crescens, who completed his martyrdom through fire.
In Thrace, the holy Martyrs Theodore and Pausilippus, who suffered under the Emperor Hadrian.
April 16
At Corinth, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Callistus and Charisius, with seven others, all of whom, after enduring other punishments, were drowned in the sea.
At Saragossa, in Spain, likewise the birthday of the eighteen holy Martyrs, namely Optatus, Lupercus, Successus, Martial, Urban, Julia, Quinctilian, Publius, Fronto, Felix, Caecilian, Eventius, Primitivus, Apodemius, and four others who are said to have been called Saturninus. All of these, under Dacian the Governor of Spain, were punished together and put to death; their illustrious martyrdom Prudentius adorned in verse.
In the same city, Saints Caius and Crementius, who, having confessed a second time and persevering in the faith of Christ, tasted the chalice of martyrdom.
In the same place, Saint Lambert, Martyr.
Likewise at Saragossa, Saint Encratida, Virgin and Martyr, who, with her body torn, her breast cut off, and her liver torn out, was still surviving when she was shut up and held in prison, until her ulcerated body rotted away.
At Palencia, Saint Turibius, Bishop of Astorga, who, with the help of the holy Pope Leo, utterly routed the heresy of Priscillian from Spain, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
At Braga, in Lusitania, Saint Fructuosus, Bishop.
At Scissy, in the territory of Coutances in Gaul, the passing of Saint Paternus, Bishop of Avranches and Confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Benedict Joseph Labre, Confessor, who was distinguished for his self-contempt and the praise of his extreme voluntary poverty.
At Valenciennes, in Gaul, Saint Drogo, Confessor.
At Nevers, in Gaul, Saint Mary Bernadette Soubirous, Virgin, of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity and Christian Instruction, who, while still a young girl at Lourdes, was favored with repeated apparitions of the Immaculate Mother of God, Mary, and whom Pope Pius the Eleventh enrolled among the holy Virgins.
At Siena, in Tuscany, Blessed Joachim, of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
April 17
At Rome, Saint Anicetus, Pope and Martyr; who received the palm of martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Elias, Priest, and Paul and Isidore, Monks, who, in the Arab persecution, were put to death for their profession of the Christian faith.
At Antioch, the holy Martyrs Peter, Deacon, and Hermogenes, who was the attendant of the same Peter.
In Africa, the birthday of Blessed Mappalicus, Martyr, who (as Saint Cyprian writes in his epistle to the Martyrs and Confessors), together with many others, was crowned with martyrdom.
In the same place, the holy Martyrs Fortunatus and Marcian.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Pantagathus, Bishop.
At Tortona, Saint Innocentius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Citeaux, in Gaul, Saint Stephen, Abbot, who was the first to inhabit the wilderness of Citeaux and joyfully received Saint Bernard when he came to him with his companions.
In the monastery of Chaise-Dieu, in the diocese of Clermont, in Gaul, Saint Robert, Confessor, who was the founder and first Abbot of the same monastery.
April 18
At Mount Senario, in Etruria, the birthday of Saint Amideus, Confessor, one of the seven Founders of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for his most ardent charity toward God. His feast, however, and that of his Companions, is celebrated on the day before the Ides of February.
At Rome, Blessed Apollonius the Senator, who, under the Emperor Commodus and the Prefect Perennius, was betrayed by a slave as being a Christian, and, being ordered to give an account of his faith, composed a remarkable volume, which he read in the Senate; and nevertheless, for Christ's sake, by sentence of the Senate, was beheaded.
At Messina, in Sicily, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Eleutherius, Bishop of Illyricum, and Anthia, his mother. He, being illustrious for the holiness of his life and the power of his miracles, under the Emperor Hadrian, overcame a red-hot iron bed, a gridiron, and a frying pan boiling with oil, pitch, and resin, and was also thrown to the lions but was in no way harmed by them; finally, he was slain together with his mother.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Perfectus, Priest and Martyr, who was slain with the sword by the Moors because he inveighed against the sect of Muhammad and firmly professed the faith of Christ.
At Messina, in Sicily, Saint Corebus the Prefect, who, having been converted to the faith by Saint Eleutherius, was struck with the sword.
At Brescia, Saint Calocerus, Martyr, who, having been converted to Christ by Saints Faustinus and Jovita, completed the glorious contest of his confession under the Emperor Hadrian.
At Milan, Saint Galdinus, Cardinal and Bishop of the same city, who, having completed a sermon against the heretics, gave up his spirit to God.
April 19
At Corinth, the birthday of Saint Timon, who was one of the first seven Deacons. He first resided at Beroea as a teacher, and then, spreading the word of the Lord, came to Corinth; and there, having been cast into the flames by the Jews and Greeks (as tradition holds) but suffering no harm, he was at last fastened to a cross and completed his martyrdom.
At Canterbury, in England, Saint Elphege, Bishop and Martyr.
At Melitene, in Armenia, the holy Martyrs Hermogenes, Caius, Expeditus, Aristonicus, Rufus, and Galata, who were all crowned on one day.
At Collioure, in Tarraconensian Spain, the passion of Saint Vincent, Martyr.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Socrates and Dionysius, who were pierced with lances.
At Jerusalem, Saint Paphnutius, Martyr.
At Rome, Saint Leo, Pope the Ninth, distinguished for the praise of his virtues and miracles.
At Antioch of Pisidia, Saint George, Bishop, who died in exile on account of his veneration of the holy Images.
In the monastery of Lobbes, in Belgium, Saint Ursmar, Bishop.
At Florence, Saint Crescentius, Confessor, who was a disciple of Blessed Zenobius the Bishop.
April 20
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Sulpicius and Servilian, who, having been converted to the faith of Christ by the preaching and miracles of Blessed Domitilla the Virgin, both, when they refused to sacrifice to idols, in the persecution of Trajan, were beheaded by the Prefect of the City, Anianus.
At Nicomedia, the holy Martyrs Victor, Zoticus, Zeno, Acindynus, Caesareus, Severian, Chrysophorus, Theonas, and Antoninus, who, under the Emperor Diocletian, were converted to Christ by the passion and signs of Blessed George, and, for their fearless confession of the faith, being tested in various ways, completed their martyrdom.
At Tomi, in Scythia, Saint Theotimus, Bishop, whom even the infidel barbarians venerated on account of his outstanding holiness and miracles.
At Embrun, in Gaul, Saint Marcellinus, who was the first Bishop of that city. He, by God's warning, came from Africa with his holy companions Vincent and Domninus, and converted the greater part of the Maritime Alps to the faith of Christ by his preaching and wondrous signs, by which he shines even to this day.
At Auxerre, Saint Marcian, Priest.
At Constantinople, Saint Theodore the Confessor, surnamed Trichinas from the rough hair-shirt with which he was clad, who was distinguished for many virtues, especially against demons; from whose body a healing ointment springs forth and imparts health to the sick.
At Montepulciano, in Tuscany, Saint Agnes, Virgin, of the Order of Saint Dominic, renowned for her miracles.
April 21
At Canterbury, in England, Saint Anselm, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, distinguished for his holiness and learning.
In Persia, the birthday of Saint Simeon, Bishop of Seleucia and Ctesiphon, who, by the command of Sapor, King of the Persians, was seized, loaded with chains, brought before unjust tribunals, and, when he refused to worship the Sun itself and bore witness to Jesus Christ with a free and most steadfast voice, was first wasted for a long time in prison, together with a hundred others (of whom some were Bishops, some Priests, and some Clerics of various orders). Then, when Usthazanes, the King's tutor, who had previously lapsed from the faith but had been recalled to repentance through him, had steadfastly undergone martyrdom, on the following day, which was the annual day of the Lord's Passion, after all had been slain by the sword before Simeon's eyes (he earnestly exhorting each one of them), he himself was at last beheaded. There also suffered with him the most illustrious men Abdechalas and Ananias, who were his Priests. Pusicius too, the Superintendent of the King's artisans, because he had strengthened the wavering Ananias, had his neck pierced near the sinew and his tongue drawn out from there, and perished by a cruel death; after him his daughter also, who was a consecrated Virgin, was afflicted with many and dreadful tortures and finally beheaded with the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Arator the Priest, Fortunatus, Felix, Silvius, and Vitalis, who died in prison.
At Nicomedia, the holy Martyrs Apollo, Isaac, and Codratus; of whom, under the Emperor Diocletian, the last was beheaded, and a few days after him the first two, consumed by hunger in chains, merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Antioch, Saint Anastasius of Sinai, Bishop.
At Altoetting, in Bavaria, Saint Conrad of Parzham, Confessor, of the Order of Capuchin Friars Minor, distinguished for his charity and prayer, whom Pope Pius the Eleventh, on account of his renowned miracles, enrolled in the number of the Saints.
April 22
At Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of Saint Soter, Pope and Martyr.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Caius, Pope and Martyr; who was crowned with martyrdom under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Smyrna, Saints Apelles and Lucius, among the first disciples of Christ.
On the same day, very many holy Martyrs, who, in the year following the death of Simeon, likewise on the annual day on which the memory of the Lord's Passion was celebrated, throughout the whole region of Persia, for the name of Christ, under King Sapor, were ordered to be slain with the sword. In this contest of faith there suffered Azades the eunuch, most dear to the King; Milles the Bishop, distinguished for his holiness and the power of his miracles; Acepsimas the Bishop, with his Priest James, likewise Aithala and Joseph, Priests, Azadanes and Abdiesus, Deacons, and very many other Clerics; also the Bishops Mareas and Bicor, with twenty other Bishops and nearly two hundred and fifty Clerics, and also very many Monks and consecrated Virgins. Among these Virgins was also the sister of the holy Bishop Simeon, named Tarbula, with her handmaid; they were tied to stakes and sawn apart, and most cruelly put to death.
Likewise in Persia, Saints Parmenius, Helimenas, and Chrysotelus, Priests, and Luke and Mucius, Deacons, whose triumph of martyrdom is recorded in the passion of Saints Abdon and Sennen.
At Alexandria, the birthday of Saint Leonidas, Martyr, who suffered under Severus.
At Lyons, in Gaul, Saint Epipodius, who, in the persecution of Antoninus Verus, was seized together with his companion Alexander, and there, after dreadful tortures, completed his martyrdom by the cutting off of his head.
At Constantinople, Saint Agapitus, Pope the First, whose holiness is commended by Blessed Gregory the Great. His body, however, was afterwards brought back to Rome and laid to rest in the Vatican.
At Sens, Saint Leo, Bishop and Confessor.
At Anastasiopolis, in Galatia, Saint Theodore, Bishop, renowned for his miracles.
April 23
The birthday of Saint George, Martyr, whose illustrious martyrdom the Church of God venerates among the crowns of the Martyrs.
In the village of Tenkitten, on the Bay of Danzig, in Prussia, likewise the birthday of Saint Adalbert, Bishop of Prague and Martyr, who preached the Gospel to the Poles and Hungarians.
At Valence, in Gaul, the passion of the holy Martyrs Felix the Priest, and Fortunatus and Achilleus, Deacons. These, having been sent by Blessed Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, to preach the word of God, and having converted the greater part of that city to the faith of Christ, were cast into prison by the commander Cornelius; then, beaten for a very long time, with their legs broken, bound to the revolving of wheels, and also enduring smoke while suspended on the rack; at last they were put to death by the sword.
At Milan, Saint Marolus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Toul, in Gaul, Saint Gerard, Bishop of that city.
April 24
At Seewis, in Rhaetia, Saint Fidelis of Sigmaringen, Priest of the Order of Capuchin Friars Minor and Martyr; who, having been sent there to preach the Catholic faith, was slain there by heretics and completed his martyrdom; and was enrolled among the holy Martyrs by Pope Benedict the Fourteenth.
At Rome, Saint Sabas, a military commander, who, having been accused of visiting Christians detained in prison, freely confessed Christ before the Judge. Thereupon he was burned with torches by the same Judge and cast into a cauldron of boiling pitch, and, when he had escaped from it unharmed, by that miracle he converted seventy men to Christ; all of whom, remaining steadfast in the confession of the faith, were struck down with the sword. Finally he himself, having been cast into the river, completed his martyrdom.
At Lyons, in Gaul, the birthday of Saint Alexander, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Antoninus Verus, after imprisonment, was first so torn apart by the cruelty of those who scourged him that, the framework of his ribs being broken apart and his entrails laid bare, the interior of his body was exposed; then, fastened to the gibbet of the cross, he breathed out his blessed spirit and died. There also suffered with him thirty-four others, whose memory is observed on other days.
At Nicomedia, the holy Martyrs Eusebius, Neon, Leontius, Longinus, and four others, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, after dreadful tortures, were struck with the sword.
In England, the burial of Saint Mellitus, Bishop, who, having been sent to England by the holy Pope Gregory, converted the East Saxons and their King to the faith.
At Elvira, in Spain, Saint Gregory, Bishop and Confessor.
At Brescia, Saint Honorius, Bishop.
On Iona, an island of Scotland, Saint Egbert, Priest and Monk, a man of admirable humility and continence.
At Rheims, in Gaul, the holy Virgins Bova and Doda.
At Angers, in Gaul, Saint Mary of Saint Euphrasia Pelletier, Virgin, Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, whom Pope Pius the Twelfth enrolled in the number of the Saints.
At Milan, the Conversion of Saint Augustine, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church; whom Blessed Ambrose the Bishop taught the truth of the Catholic faith and baptized on this day.
April 25
At Rome, the Greater Litanies at Saint Peter's.
At Alexandria, the birthday of Blessed Mark the Evangelist. He, a disciple and interpreter of the Apostle Peter, being asked by the brethren at Rome, wrote the Gospel, and, taking it with him, proceeded to Egypt, and, being the first to proclaim Christ at Alexandria, established the Church there; and afterwards, being seized for the faith of Christ, bound with ropes and dragged over rocks, he was grievously afflicted; then, shut up in prison, he was first comforted by an angelic visitation, and finally, the Lord Himself appearing to him, was called to the heavenly kingdom, in the eighth year of Nero.
Likewise at Alexandria, Saint Anianus, Bishop, who, being a disciple of Blessed Mark and his successor in the Episcopate, renowned for his virtues, rested in the Lord.
At Antioch, Saint Stephen, Bishop and Martyr, who, having suffered much from heretics who attacked the Council of Chalcedon, was cast headlong into the river Orontes, in the time of the Emperor Zeno.
At Syracuse, in Sicily, the holy Martyrs, the brothers Evodius and Hermogenes, and their sister Callista.
At Lobbes, in Belgium, the birthday of Saint Erminus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Antioch, Saints Philo and Agathopus, Deacons, of whom Blessed Ignatius, Bishop and Martyr, makes laudable mention in his epistles.
April 26
At Rome, the birthday of Blessed Cletus, Pope and Martyr; who governed the Church as the second after the Apostle Peter, and was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Domitian.
Saint Marcellinus, Pope and Martyr, whose birthday is recorded on the eighth day before the Kalends of November.
At Amasea, in Pontus, Saint Basil, Bishop and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Licinius, completed an illustrious martyrdom. His body, however, having been cast into the sea and found by Elpidiphorus at the warning of an Angel, was honorably buried.
At Braga, in Lusitania, Saint Peter, Martyr, who was the first Bishop of that city.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Clarentius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Verona, Saint Lucidius, Bishop.
In the monastery of Centula, in Gaul, Saint Richarius, Priest and Confessor.
At Troyes, in Gaul, Saint Exsuperantia, Virgin.
April 27
Saint Peter Canisius, Priest of the Society of Jesus and Confessor and Doctor of the Church; who departed to the Lord on the twelfth day before the Kalends of January.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Saint Anthimus, Bishop and Martyr; who, in the persecution of Diocletian, for his confession of Christ, received the glory of martyrdom by the cutting off of his head. Almost the entire multitude of his flock also followed him; of whom the Judge had some beheaded with the sword, others burned with fire, and others placed in small boats and drowned in the sea.
At Tarsus, in Cilicia, Saints Castor and Stephen, Martyrs.
At Bologna, Saint Tertullian, Bishop and Confessor.
At Brescia, Saint Theophilus, Bishop.
In Egypt, Saint Theodore, Abbot, who was a disciple of Saint Pachomius.
At Constantinople, Saint John, Abbot, who contended greatly for the veneration of the holy Images under Leo the Isaurian.
At Tarragona, in Spain, Blessed Peter Armengaud, of the Order of Our Lady of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives; who, having suffered much in Africa for the ransoming of the faithful, at length rested with a blessed end in the convent of Saint Mary of the Meadows.
At Lucca, in Tuscany, Blessed Zita, Virgin, renowned for the fame of her virtues and miracles.
April 28
Saint Paul of the Cross, Priest and Confessor; who was the Founder of the Congregation named after the Cross and Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ, and fell asleep in the Lord on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of November.
At Ravenna, the birthday of Saint Vitalis, Martyr, husband of Saint Valeria and father of Saints Gervasius and Protasius; who, when he had taken up the body of Blessed Ursicinus and buried it with due honor, was seized by the consular governor Paulinus, and, after the tortures of the rack, was ordered to be cast into a deep pit and covered with earth and stones; and by such a martyrdom departed to Christ.
At Atina, in Campania, Saint Mark, who, having been ordained Bishop by the Blessed Apostle Peter, was the first to preach the Gospel to the Aequicoli, and in the persecution of Domitian, under the Governor Maximus, received the crown of martyrdom.
At Prusa, in Bithynia, the holy Martyrs Patrick the Bishop, Acatius, Menander, and Polyaenus.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Aphrodisius, Caralippus, Agapius, and Eusebius.
In Pannonia, Saint Pollio, Martyr, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Milan, Saint Valeria, Martyr, wife of Saint Vitalis and mother of Saints Gervasius and Protasius.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saint Theodora, Virgin and Martyr. She, scorning to sacrifice to idols, was handed over to a brothel, but suddenly one of the brethren, named Didymus, by the wondrous favor of God, having exchanged garments, rescued her; he afterwards, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Eustratius, was struck down together with the same Virgin, and together with her was crowned.
At Tarazona, in Tarraconensian Spain, Saint Prudentius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Corfinium, in the Pelignian territory, Saint Pamphilus, Bishop of Valva, illustrious for his charity toward the poor and the power of his miracles; whose body was laid to rest at Sulmona.
In the parish of Saint-Laurent-sur-Sevre, in the diocese of Lucon, Saint Louis Marie Grignion de Montfort, Confessor, Founder of the Missionary Society of Mary and the Daughters of Wisdom, distinguished for the pattern of his apostolic life, his preaching, and his Marian devotion, whom Pope Pius the Twelfth enrolled in the catalog of the Saints.
April 29
Saint Peter, of the Order of Preachers, Martyr, who underwent martyrdom for the Catholic faith on the eighth day before the Ides of April.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Catherine of Siena, Virgin, of the Third Order of Saint Dominic, renowned for her life and miracles, whom Pope Pius the Second enrolled in the number of the holy Virgins. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Paphos, in Cyprus, Saint Tychicus, who was a disciple of blessed Paul the Apostle, and is called by the Apostle himself in his Epistles a most dear brother, faithful minister, and fellow servant in the Lord.
At Pisa, in Tuscany, Saint Torpetus the Martyr, who first held a great office under Nero, and was one of those about whom the same Apostle Paul writes from the city of Rome to the Philippians: "All the saints greet you, especially those who are of Caesar's household." But afterward, for the faith of Christ, by the command of Satellicus, he was struck with blows, most harshly afflicted with scourges, and handed over to be devoured by beasts, but was not in the least harmed; at last he completed his martyrdom by beheading.
At Cirta, in Numidia, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Agapius and Secundinus, Bishops, who, after a long exile in the aforementioned city, in the persecution of Valerian, during which the fury of the pagans was then especially intent on testing the faith of the just, from their illustrious priesthood became glorious Martyrs. In their company also suffered Aemilianus the soldier, Tertulla and Antonia, who were consecrated Virgins, and a certain woman with her twin children.
On the island of Corcyra, the seven holy Robbers, who, having been converted to Christ by Saint Jason, obtained eternal life through martyrdom.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Severus the Bishop, who, among other wondrous deeds, raised a dead man from the tomb for a time, so that he might convict a lying creditor of falsehood against a widow and her orphaned children.
At Brescia, Saint Paulinus, Bishop and Confessor.
In the monastery of Cluny, in Gaul, Saint Hugh the Abbot.
In the monastery of Molesme, in Gaul, Saint Robert, who was the first Abbot of Citeaux.
April 30
Saint Catherine of Siena, Virgin, of the Third Order of Saint Dominic, who passed to her Heavenly Spouse the day before this date.
At Saintes, in Gaul, blessed Eutropius, Bishop and Martyr, who, having been consecrated with the grace of the pontifical order by Saint Clement the Pope, was sent to Gaul, and there, after long preaching, at last, on account of his testimony for Christ, with his head crushed, he fell victorious.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Amator the Priest, Peter the Monk, and Louis.
At Novara, Saint Lawrence the Priest, and the boy Martyrs, whom he had taken in to educate.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Aphrodisius the Priest, and thirty others.
At Lambesa, in Numidia, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Marian the Lector, and James the Deacon. The former of these, having already overcome the attacks of the Decian persecution in confessing Christ, was seized again together with his most illustrious companion; and both, after dreadful and exquisite tortures, wondrously strengthened a second time by divine revelations, were at last, along with many others, put to death by the sword.
At Ephesus, Saint Maximus the Martyr, who was crowned in the persecution of Decius.
At Fermo, in Picenum, Saint Sophia, Virgin and Martyr.
At Euroea, in Epirus, Saint Donatus the Bishop, who, in the time of Emperor Theodosius, shone with extraordinary holiness.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Pomponius the Bishop.
At London, in England, Saint Erconwald the Bishop, who was renowned for many miracles.
At Chieri, near Turin, Saint Joseph Benedict Cottolengo, Confessor, Founder of the Little House of Divine Providence, distinguished for his supreme confidence in God and charity toward the poor, whom Pope Pius XI inscribed in the register of the Saints.
May
May 1
The Solemnity of Saint Joseph the Worker, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor, Patron of workers.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Pius V, of the Order of Preachers, Pope and Confessor; who, vigorously and successfully devoting himself to restoring ecclesiastical discipline, rooting out heresies, and crushing the enemies of the Christian name, governed the Catholic Church with holiness of life and of laws. His feast, however, is celebrated on the third day before the Nones of this month.
In Egypt, Saint Jeremiah the Prophet, who, stoned to death by the people, perished at Tahpanhes, and was buried there; at whose tomb the faithful (as Saint Epiphanius reports) were accustomed to pray, and from there, taking dust, they heal the bites of asps.
In the territory of Viviers, in Gaul, blessed Andeolus the Subdeacon, who, together with others, was sent by blessed Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, from the East to Gaul to preach the word of God. He, under Emperor Severus, was beaten with thorny clubs, and at last, with his head split into four parts in the form of a cross by a wooden sword, completed his martyrdom.
At Huesca, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Orentius and Patientia.
At the village of Colonne, in the territory of Orleans in Gaul, the passion of Saint Sigismund, King of the Burgundians, who perished by being plunged into a well, and afterward was renowned for miracles. His sacred body, finally extracted from the well, was carried to the church of the monastery of Agaunum, situated within the boundaries of the diocese of Sion, and there honorably placed.
At Auxerre, Saint Amator, Bishop and Confessor.
At Auch, in Gaul, Saint Orientius the Bishop.
At Elwy, in England, Saint Asaph the Bishop, by whose name the episcopal city itself was afterward distinguished.
At Forli, Saint Peregrine, of the Order of Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Bergamo, Saint Grata the Widow.
May 2
At Alexandria, the birthday of Saint Athanasius, Bishop of that city, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, most illustrious for his holiness and learning; against whom nearly the entire world had conspired in persecution. He nevertheless vigorously defended the Catholic faith, from the time of Constantine to that of Valens, against Emperors and governors and innumerable Arian Bishops; having endured from them very many treacherous attacks, he was driven as a fugitive throughout the whole world, and no safe place remained for him to hide. At last, having returned to his Church, there, after many struggles and many crowns of patience, in the forty-sixth year of his priesthood, he departed to the Lord, in the time of Emperors Valentinian and Valens.
Likewise at Florence, the birthday of Saint Antoninus, of the Order of Preachers, Bishop and Confessor, celebrated for his learning and holiness. His feast, however, is observed on the sixth day before the Ides of this month.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Saturninus, Neopolus, Germanus, and Celestinus, who, having suffered much, were at last cast into prison, and there fell asleep in the Lord.
On the same day, Saint Vindemialis, Bishop and Martyr, who, together with the holy Bishops Eugenius and Longinus, contending against the Arians with learning and miracles, was ordered by Hunneric, King of the Vandals, to be afflicted with various torments and at last beheaded.
At Seville, in Spain, Saint Felix, Deacon and Martyr.
At Attalia, in Pamphylia, the holy Martyrs Exsuperius, and his wife Zoe, and their sons Cyriacus and Theodulus; who, under Emperor Hadrian, being slaves of a certain pagan man, were all, by the command of their master himself, on account of their open profession of the Christian faith, first beaten and violently tortured, then cast into a burning furnace, and surrendered their souls to God.
May 3
At Jerusalem, the Finding of the most holy Cross of the Lord, under Emperor Constantine.
At Rome, on the Nomentana Way, the passion of the holy Martyrs Alexander, Pope the First, and Eventius and Theodulus, Priests. Of these, Alexander, under Prince Hadrian and Judge Aurelian, after chains, prisons, the rack, hooks, and fire, was pierced through all his limbs with very many punctures and slain; but Eventius and Theodulus, after long imprisonments, were tested by fire, and at last beheaded.
At Narni, Saint Juvenal, Bishop and Confessor.
At Monte Senario, in Etruria, the birthday of Saints Sostenaeus and Uguccio, Confessors, of the seven Founders of the Order of Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary; who, admonished from heaven, on the same day and hour, while reciting the Angelic Salutation, departed this life. The feast of them and their companions, however, is celebrated on the day before the Ides of February.
At Constantinople, the holy Martyrs Alexander the soldier, and Antonina the Virgin. She, in the persecution of Maximian, under Governor Festus, was condemned to a brothel, and was secretly led out by Alexander, who had remained there in her place, with their garments exchanged; afterward she was ordered to be tortured together with him; and both, with their hands cut off, were cast together into the fire for Christ, and so, having completed a noble contest, they were crowned.
In the Thebaid, the holy Martyrs Timothy and his wife Maura, whom the prefect Arianus, after many torments, ordered to be nailed to a cross; on which, having hung alive for nine days and strengthened one another in the faith, they completed their martyrdom.
At Aphrodisias, in Caria, the holy Martyrs Diodorus and Rhodopianus, who, in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian, were stoned to death by their own fellow citizens.
May 4
At Ostia on the Tiber, Saint Monica, the mother of blessed Augustine, whose illustrious life he attested in the ninth book of the Confessions.
In the mines of Phaeno in Palestine, the birthday of blessed Silvanus, Bishop of Gaza, who, in the persecution of Emperor Diocletian, by the command of Galerius Maximianus Caesar, together with very many of his clergy, was crowned with martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, Saint Cyriacus the Bishop, who, while visiting the holy places, was slain there under Julian the Apostate.
At Camerino, Saint Porphyrius, Priest and Martyr, who, under Emperor Decius and Governor Antiochus, having converted very many to the faith of Christ (among whom was Venantius), was beheaded.
In the mines of Phaeno in Palestine, the thirty-nine holy Martyrs, who, having been condemned to the mines, at last, after branding with hot iron and other torments, were all beheaded together.
At Lorch, in Noricum Ripense, Saint Florian the Martyr, who, under Emperor Diocletian, by the command of Governor Aquilinus, was cast into the river Enns with a stone tied to his neck.
At Cologne, Saint Paulinus the Martyr.
At Tarsus, in Cilicia, Saint Pelagia, Virgin and Martyr, who, under Emperor Diocletian, was enclosed in a red-hot bronze bull and completed her martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of Saint Antonia the Martyr, who, having been excessively tortured and afflicted with various torments, hung by one arm for three days, and detained in prison for two years, was at last burned by flames under Governor Priscillian, while confessing the Lord.
At Milan, Saint Venerius the Bishop, whose virtues Saint John Chrysostom attested in a letter written to him.
In the territory of Perigueux, Saint Sacerdos, Bishop of Limoges.
At Hildesheim, in Saxony, Saint Godehard, Bishop and Confessor, who was enrolled among the Saints by Pope Innocent II.
At Auxerre, Saint Curcodomis the Deacon.
May 5
Saint Pius V, of the Order of Preachers, Pope and Confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the Kalends of this month.
At Rome, Saint Silvanus the Martyr.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Crescentiana the Martyr.
At Leocata, in Sicily, Saint Angelus, of the Order of Carmelites, Priest and Martyr, who was slain by heretics on account of his defense of the Catholic faith.
At Alexandria, Saint Euthymius the Deacon, who fell asleep in prison for Christ.
At Auxerre, the passion of Saint Jovinian the Lector.
At Thessalonica, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Irenaeus, Peregrinus, and Irene, who, burned by fire, received the palms of martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, Saint Maximus the Bishop, who, by Maximianus Galerius Caesar, after having his eye gouged out and his foot burned with hot iron, was condemned to the mines; and, being permitted to go free from there and placed in charge of the Church of Jerusalem, he at last fell asleep in peace there, illustrious for the glory of his confession.
At Edessa, in Syria, Saint Eulogius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Arles, in Gaul, Saint Hilary the Bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Nicetius the Bishop, a man of venerable holiness.
At Bologna, Saint Theodore the Bishop, renowned for his merits.
At Milan, Saint Geruntius the Bishop.
On the same day, Saint Sacerdos, Bishop of Sagunto.
May 6
At Rome, Saint John, Apostle and Evangelist, before the Latin Gate; who, from Ephesus, by the command of Domitian, was brought in chains to Rome, and, by sentence of the Senate, was cast into a vat of boiling oil before that gate, but came out purer and more vigorous than he went in.
At Damascus, the birthday of blessed John Damascene, Priest, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, celebrated for his learning and holiness. He vigorously contended in word and writing for the veneration of sacred Images against Leo the Isaurian; and when, on account of that Emperor's calumnies, his right hand had been cut off by the Prince of the Saracens, he commended himself to the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose Images he had defended, and immediately received his right hand whole and sound. His feast, however, is celebrated on the sixth day before the Kalends of April.
At Cyrene, in Libya, Saint Lucius the Bishop, whom Saint Luke commemorates in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Antioch, Saint Evodius, who (as blessed Ignatius writes to the Antiochenes) was the first to be ordained Bishop there by Saint Peter the Apostle, and ended his life with a glorious martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus, with seventy-five others.
In Cyprus, Saint Theodotus, Bishop of Cyrinia, who, under Emperor Licinius, suffered very grievous things, and at last, in the peace of the Church, gave up his spirit to God.
At Carrhae, in Mesopotamia, Saint Protogenes, Bishop and Confessor.
In England, Saint Eadbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne, distinguished for his learning and piety.
At Rome, Saint Benedicta the Virgin.
At Salerno, the Translation of Saint Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist; whose sacred body, formerly brought from Ethiopia to various regions and at last to that city, was there enshrined with the highest honor in a church dedicated in his name.
May 7
Saint Stanislaus, Bishop of Cracow and Martyr, who obtained the crown of martyrdom on the following day.
At Terracina, in Campania, the birthday of blessed Flavia Domitilla, Virgin and Martyr; who, being the daughter of Saint Plautilla, sister of Saint Flavius Clemens the Consul and Martyr, and having been consecrated with the sacred veil by Saint Clement the Pontiff, was first, in the persecution of Domitian, deported into exile on the island of Pontia with very many others, on account of her testimony for Christ, and there endured a long martyrdom. But at last, having been brought to Terracina, and having there converted very many to the faith of Christ by her teaching and miracles, by the Judge's command the room in which she was staying together with her virgins Euphrosyna and Theodora was set on fire, and she completed the course of her glorious martyrdom. Domitilla herself, together with the holy Martyrs Nereus and Achilleus and Pancratius, is commemorated with festive celebration on the fourth day before the Ides of this month.
On the same day, Saint Juvenal the Martyr.
At Nicomedia, the holy Martyrs and brothers Flavius, Augustus, and Augustinus.
In the same place, Saint Quadratus the Martyr, who, in the persecution of Emperor Decius, was repeatedly brought back to torments, and at last, having been beheaded, completed his martyrdom.
At York, in England, Saint John the Bishop, renowned for his life and miracles.
At Pavia, Saint Peter the Bishop.
At Rome, the Translation of the body of Saint Stephen the Protomartyr, which, under Pope Pelagius I, was brought from Constantinople to the City and placed in the tomb of Saint Lawrence the Martyr in the Verano field, and is there venerated with great devotion by the faithful.
May 8
On Mount Gargano, the Apparition of Saint Michael the Archangel, whom Pope Pius XII established as Patron and Protector of Radiologists and Radiotherapists.
At Cracow, in Poland, the birthday of Saint Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr, who was slain by Boleslaus, the impious King. His feast, however, is celebrated on the day before this date.
Likewise at Milan, the birthday of Saint Victor the Martyr, who, a Moor by nation and a Christian from his earliest age, was compelled by Maximian, while serving as a soldier in the imperial camp, to sacrifice to idols, and persevering most bravely in confessing the Lord, was therefore first severely beaten with clubs, but, God protecting him, felt no pain; then drenched with molten lead, but not in the least harmed; and at last, having been beheaded, completed the course of his glorious martyrdom.
At Constantinople, Saint Agathius the Centurion, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, was denounced by the Tribune Firmus for being a Christian, and most cruelly tortured by the Judge Bibianus of Perinthus, and was at last condemned to death by the Proconsul Flaccinus at Byzantium. His body was afterward divinely brought to the shore of Squillace, in Calabria, and there honorably preserved.
At Rome, Saint Boniface, Pope the Fourth, who dedicated the Pantheon in honor of blessed Mary and the Martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Benedict II, Pope and Confessor.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Dionysius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Auxerre, Saint Helladius the Bishop.
In the monastery of Bellevaux, in the territory of Besancon, Saint Peter, who from a Cistercian monk became Bishop of Tarentaise in Savoy.
At Roermond, in Gelderland, Saint Wiro, a Scottish Bishop.
May 9
At Nazianzus, in Cappadocia, the birthday of blessed Gregory the Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, surnamed the Theologian on account of his singular learning in divine matters; who, while holding the episcopate of Constantinople, restored the Catholic faith that had collapsed there, and suppressed the rising heresies.
At Rome, Saint Hermas, whom the Apostle Paul mentions in the Epistle to the Romans. Hermas himself, worthily sacrificing himself and becoming an acceptable offering to God, renowned for his virtues, sought the heavenly kingdom.
At Cagli, on the Flaminian Way, the passion of Saint Gerontius, Bishop of Ficulea.
In Persia, the three hundred and ten holy Martyrs.
In Egypt, Saint Pachomius the Abbot, who erected very many monasteries in that region, and wrote a rule for monks, which he had learned from an Angel dictating it.
In the fortress of Vendoeuvre, in Gaul, the deposition of Saint Beatus the Confessor.
At Bologna, blessed Nicholas Albergati, a Carthusian monk, Bishop of that city and Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, renowned for his holiness and Apostolic Legations; whose body was enshrined at Florence, among the Carthusians.
At Constantinople, the Translation of Saint Andrew the Apostle and Saint Luke the Evangelist from Achaia; and of Timothy, one of the disciples of blessed Paul the Apostle, from Ephesus. The body of Saint Andrew, however, long afterward was brought to Amalfi, where it is honored with the devout concourse of the faithful; from whose tomb a liquid continually flows for healing infirmities.
Likewise at Rome, the Translation of Saint Jerome, Priest, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, from Bethlehem of Judea to the Basilica of Saint Mary at the Manger.
Also at Bari, in Apulia, the Translation of Saint Nicholas, Bishop and Confessor, from Myra, a city of Lycia.
May 10
Saint Antoninus, of the Order of Preachers, Bishop of Florence and Confessor, whose birthday is recorded on the sixth day before the Nones of this month.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Gordian and Epimachus, of whom the former, for confessing the name of Christ, in the time of Julian the Apostate, was long beaten with leaden scourges and at last beheaded, and was buried by night by Christians on that same road in a crypt, to which the relics of blessed Epimachus the Martyr had been translated shortly before from Alexandria, where he had completed his martyrdom for the faith of Christ on the day before the Ides of December.
In the land of Uz, Saint Job the Prophet, a man of wondrous patience.
At Rome, blessed Calepodius, Priest and Martyr; whom Emperor Alexander ordered to be slain with the sword, and his body to be dragged through the city and cast into the Tiber, which Pope Callistus found and buried. Also beheaded was the Consul Palmatius with his wife and children and forty-two others of both sexes from his household, likewise the Senator Simplicius with his wife and sixty-eight from his household, and also Felix with his wife Blanda; whose heads were hung at various gates of the City, as an example to Christians.
Likewise at Rome, on the Via Latina, at Centum Aulae, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Quartus and Quintus, whose bodies were translated to Capua.
At Lentini, in Sicily, the holy Martyrs Alphius, Philadelphus, and Cyrinus.
At Smyrna, Saint Dioscorides the Martyr.
At Taranto, Saint Cataldus the Bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Madrid, Saint Isidore the Farmer, whom Pope Gregory XV, renowned for miracles, enrolled among the Saints together with Saints Ignatius, Francis Xavier, Teresa, and Philip Neri.
At Milan, the Finding of the holy Martyrs Nazarius and Celsus, in which blessed Ambrose the Bishop found the body of Saint Nazarius still sprinkled with fresh blood, and translated it to the Basilica of the Apostles, together with the body of blessed Celsus the boy, whom Nazarius himself had raised, and whom Anolinus, in the persecution of Nero, had ordered to be struck with the sword together with him, on the fifth day before the Kalends of August; on which day the feast of their glorious martyrdom is celebrated.
May 11
The birthday of the blessed Apostles Philip and James. Of these, Philip, having converted nearly all of Scythia to the faith of Christ, at last at Hierapolis, a city of Asia, was nailed to a cross and stoned, and died a glorious death; James, however, who is also called the brother of the Lord and was the first Bishop of Jerusalem, was cast down from the pinnacle of the Temple, his legs broken thereby, and struck in the head with a fuller's club, and perished, and was buried there, not far from the Temple.
At Rome, on the Salarian Way, likewise the birthday of blessed Anthimus the Priest, who, after distinguished works of virtue and preaching, in the persecution of Diocletian, was cast into the Tiber, and was rescued thence by an Angel and restored to his own oratory; then, having been punished with beheading, he departed victorious to heaven.
In the same place, Saint Evellius the Martyr, who, being of the household of Nero, believed in Christ at the passion of Saint Torpetus, and was also beheaded for Him.
Likewise at Rome, the holy Martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius; who were slain under Diocletian, on the Salarian Way.
At Osimo, in Picenum, the holy Martyrs Sisinius the Deacon, Diocletius, and Florentius, disciples of Saint Anthimus the Priest; who, under Diocletian, were stoned to death and completed their martyrdom.
At Camerino, the holy Martyrs Anastasius and his companions; who, in the persecution of Decius, under Governor Antiochus, were slain.
At Varennes, in Gaul, Saint Gangulphus the Martyr.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Mamertus the Bishop, who, on account of an impending disaster, instituted solemn three-day Litanies before the Ascension of the Lord in that city; which rite the universal Church afterward adopted and approved.
At Souvigny, in Gaul, the deposition of Saint Majolus, Abbot of Cluny, whose life was illustrious for holy merits.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Francis de Girolamo, born in the town of Grottaglie in the diocese of Taranto, Priest of the Society of Jesus and Confessor, a man of extraordinary charity and patience in procuring the salvation of souls; whom Pope Gregory XVI enrolled in the canon of the Saints.
At Settempeda, in Picenum, Saint Illuminatus the Confessor.
At Cagliari, in Sardinia, Saint Ignatius of Laconi, Confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, illustrious for his humility, charity, and miracles, whom Pope Pius XII honored with the dignity of the Saints.
May 12
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the holy Martyrs and brothers Nereus and Achilleus, who first endured a long exile for Christ on the island of Pontia together with Flavia Domitilla, whose eunuchs they were; afterward they were afflicted with very severe beatings; then, when they were being compelled by Minutius Rufus, a man of consular rank, by the rack and flames to sacrifice, and they declared that, having been baptized by blessed Peter the Apostle, they could by no means sacrifice to idols, they were beheaded. Their sacred relics, together with those of Flavia Domitilla, were solemnly translated from the Deaconry of Saint Hadrian to their ancient Titular Church, where they had formerly been preserved in a hidden place, now restored, on the day before this date, by the command of Pope Clement VIII; who from that time appointed the feast of blessed Domitilla the Virgin herself also to be celebrated on this day, whose passion is recorded on the Nones of this month.
Likewise at Rome, on the Aurelian Way, Saint Pancratius the Martyr, who, being fourteen years old, completed his martyrdom by beheading under Diocletian.
At Salamis, in Cyprus, Saint Epiphanius the Bishop, who, excelling in manifold erudition and knowledge of sacred letters, was also admirable for the holiness of his life, his zeal for the Catholic faith, his generosity to the poor, and his power of miracles.
At Constantinople, Saint Germanus the Bishop, distinguished for his learning and virtues, who with great boldness rebuked Leo the Isaurian when he promulgated an edict against sacred Images.
At Trier, Saint Modoaldus the Bishop.
At Rome, Saint Dionysius, who was the uncle of Saint Pancratius the Martyr.
At Agira, in Sicily, Saint Philip the Priest, who, having been sent by the Roman Pontiff to that same island of Sicily, converted a great part of it to Christ. His holiness is most especially shown in freeing those possessed by demons.
In the city of Calzada, in Spain, Saint Dominic the Confessor.
May 13
Saint Robert Bellarmine, of the Society of Jesus, Cardinal and formerly Bishop of Capua, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, whose birthday is recorded on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of October.
At Rome, the Dedication of the Church of Saint Mary of the Martyrs, which Blessed Pope Boniface the Fourth, having cleansed the ancient temple of all the gods which was called the Pantheon, dedicated in honor of the Blessed ever-Virgin Mary and of all the Martyrs, in the time of the Emperor Phocas. The annual solemnity of this Dedication was afterward established by the Supreme Pontiff Gregory, also the Fourth, to be observed by the universal Church on the Kalends of November, and indeed in honor of all the Saints.
At Constantinople, Blessed Mucius, Priest and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Diocletian and Laudicius the Proconsul, was first afflicted at Amphipolis in Macedonia with many punishments and tortures on account of his confession of Christ, and afterward, being led all the way to Byzantium, was put to death by capital sentence.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs who, on account of the Catholic faith, were slain by the Arians in the Church of Theonas.
At Heraclea in Thrace, Saint Glyceria, a Roman Martyr, who, under the Emperor Antoninus and the Governor Sabinus, after being subjected to very many and dreadful tortures and escaping from them unharmed by divine aid, was at last thrown to the wild beasts, and when one of them fixed its bite upon her body, she gave up her spirit to God.
At Maastricht, Saint Servatius, Bishop of the Church of Tongeren; to demonstrate his merit to all, while in winter snow covered everything round about, it never covered his tomb, until through the effort of the citizens a basilica was built over it.
In Palestine, Saint John the Silentiary, who, having resigned the bishopric of Colonia in Armenia, led a monastic life in the laura of Saint Sabbas, and rested in a holy death.
At Le Puy, in the Diocese of Poitiers, Saint Andrew Hubert Fournet, Confessor, formerly a parish priest, co-Founder with Saint Elizabeth Bichier des Ages of the Institute of the Daughters of the Cross, whom Pope Pius the Eleventh inscribed in the register of the Saints.
May 14
At Tarsus in Cilicia, the birthday of Saint Boniface, Martyr, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian, and was afterward brought to Rome and buried on the Via Latina.
In Gaul, Saint Pontius, Martyr, through whose preaching and effort the two Philip Caesars were converted to the faith of Christ; he himself, under the Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
In Syria, the holy Martyrs Victor and Corona, under the Emperor Antoninus; of whom Victor was subjected to various and horrible tortures by the Judge Sebastianus. When Corona, the wife of a certain soldier, began to proclaim him blessed on account of his steadfastness in martyrdom, she saw two crowns falling from heaven, one sent to Victor and the other to herself; and when she testified to this in the hearing of all, she was torn apart between trees, while Victor was beheaded.
In Sardinia, the holy Martyrs Justa, Justina, and Henedina.
At Ferento in Tuscany, Saint Boniface, Bishop, who (as Blessed Pope Gregory relates) was distinguished for holiness and miracles from his childhood.
In the district of Betharram, in the Diocese of Bayonne, Saint Michael Garicoits, Confessor, Founder of the Congregation of Missionary Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for his apostolic zeal, whom Pope Pius the Twelfth inscribed in the register of the Saints.
At Nizza Monferrato, in the sub-Alpine region, Saint Mary Dominica Mazzarello, Co-Foundress of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, who, distinguished for humility, prudence, and charity, was enrolled in the catalogue of holy Virgins by Pope Pius the Twelfth.
May 15
Saint John Baptist de La Salle, Priest and Confessor, who was the Founder of the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, and fell asleep in the Lord on the seventh day before the Ides of April.
In Spain, Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius, Caecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius, who were ordained bishops at Rome by the holy Apostles and sent to preach the word of God in Spain. After they had evangelized various cities and led countless multitudes to the faith of Christ, they rested in different places of that province: namely, Torquatus at Acci, Ctesiphon at Vergi, Secundus at Abula, Indaletius at Urci, Caecilius at Illiberi, Hesychius at Carteia, and Euphrasius at Illiturgi.
At Fausania in Sardinia, Saint Simplicius, Bishop and Martyr, who, in the time of Diocletian, under the Governor Barbarus, was pierced through with a lance and completed his martyrdom.
At Evora in Lusitania, Saint Mancius, Martyr.
On the island of Chios, the birthday of Blessed Isidore, Martyr, in whose basilica there is a well into which he is said to have been thrown, and from whose water the sick who drink it are often healed.
At Lampsacus on the Hellespont, the passion of Saints Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Dionysia.
At Clermont in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and their Companions.
At Gheel in Brabant, Saint Dympna, Virgin and Martyr, daughter of the King of the Irish, who, since she remained immovable in keeping the faith of Christ and her virginity, was ordered by her father to be beheaded.
May 16
At Gubbio, Saint Ubald, Bishop and Confessor, renowned for miracles.
At Auxerre, the passion of Saint Peregrinus, who was the first bishop of that city. He was sent into Gaul by Blessed Pope Sixtus the Second along with other clerics, and there, having fulfilled the office of preaching the Gospel, he was condemned to capital punishment and merited the eternal crown.
In Persia, the holy Martyrs: Audas the Bishop, seven Priests, nine Deacons, and seven Virgins, who under King Isdegerdes were tortured with various kinds of torments and completed their glorious martyrdom.
At Prague in Bohemia, Saint John Nepomucene, Canon of the Metropolitan Church, who, having been tried in vain to betray the seal of sacramental confession, merited the palm of martyrdom by being thrown into the River Moldau.
In Isauria, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Aquilinus and Victorianus.
At Uzalis in Africa, the holy Martyrs Felix and Gennadius.
In Palestine, the passion of the holy monks who were slain by the Saracens in the laura of Saint Sabbas.
At Janow, near Pinsk in Polesia, Saint Andrew Bobola, Priest of the Society of Jesus, who, having endured innumerable kinds of torments from schismatics, was crowned with an illustrious martyrdom.
At Amiens in Gaul, Saint Honoratus, Bishop.
At Le Mans in Gaul, Saint Domnolus, Bishop.
At Mirandola in Emilia, Saint Possidius, Bishop of Calama in Numidia, who was a disciple of Saint Augustine and wrote his illustrious life.
In the monastery of Enachduin in Ireland, the passing of Saint Brendan, Priest and Abbot of Clonfert.
At Troyes in Gaul, Saint Fidolus, Confessor.
At Frejus in Gaul, Saint Maxima, Virgin, who, renowned for many virtues, rested in peace.
May 17
At Villarreal in Spain, Saint Paschal, of the Order of Friars Minor, Confessor, a man of wondrous innocence and penance, whom Pope Leo the Thirteenth declared the heavenly Patron of Eucharistic congresses and societies of the Most Holy Eucharist.
At Noyon in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Heradius, Paul, and Aquilinus, with two others.
At Chalcedon, the holy Martyrs Solochon and his companion soldiers, under the Emperor Maximian.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Adrion, Victor, and Basilla.
On the same day, Saint Restituta, Virgin and Martyr, who in Africa, under the Emperor Valerian, was variously tortured by the Judge Proculus and placed in a small boat filled with pitch and tow so that she might be burned at sea. At last, when the fire that had been sent against those who set it turned the flame back upon them, she gave up her spirit to God in prayer. Her body, together with the same boat, was carried by the will of God to the island of Aenaria, near Naples in Campania, and was received by the Christians with great veneration; and afterward Constantine the Great took care to erect a basilica in her honor in the city of Naples itself.
May 18
At Camerino, Saint Venantius, Martyr, who, being fifteen years old, under the Emperor Decius and the Governor Antiochus, together with ten others, completed the course of his glorious combat by having his neck cut off.
At Ravenna, the birthday of Saint John the First, Pope and Martyr, who, having been summoned there by deceit by the Arian King of Italy, Theodoric, was long wasted by him in prison on account of the orthodox faith and there ended his life. His feast, however, is observed on the sixth day before the Kalends of June, the day on which his sacred body was brought back to Rome and buried in the Basilica of Saint Peter, the Prince of the Apostles.
At Spoleto, Saint Felix, Bishop, who obtained the palm of martyrdom under the Emperor Maximian.
At Heraclea in Egypt, Saint Potamon, Bishop, who was first a Confessor under Maximian Galerius; then, under the Emperor Constantius and the Arian Governor Philagrius, he was crowned with martyrdom. The holy Fathers of the Church, Athanasius and Epiphanius, celebrated this blessed man with their praises.
In Egypt, Saint Dioscorus, Lector, upon whom the Governor inflicted many and various torments, so that he tore out his nails and set fire to his sides with torches; but the attendants, terrified by the splendor of a heavenly light, fell to the ground. At last, Dioscorus himself, burned with red-hot plates, completed his martyrdom.
At Ancyra in Galatia, Saint Theodotus, Martyr, and the seven holy Virgins and Martyrs, namely Thecusa, who was the aunt of Theodotus himself, Alexandra, Claudia, Phaina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta. These were first exposed to prostitution by the Governor but were preserved by the power of God; then, with stones tied to their necks, they were plunged into a marsh. When Theodotus had collected their relics and buried them with honor, he was therefore seized by the Governor, most cruelly torn apart, and at last, struck with a sword, received the crown of martyrdom.
At Uppsala in Sweden, Saint Eric, King and Martyr.
At Rome, Saint Felix, Confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, distinguished for evangelical simplicity and charity, whom Clement the Eleventh, the Supreme Pontiff, inscribed in the register of the Saints.
May 19
The birthday of Saint Peter de Morrone, Confessor, who, having been made Supreme Pontiff from being a hermit, was called Celestine the Fifth. But he afterward abdicated the pontificate and, leading a religious life in solitude, distinguished for virtues and miracles, departed to the Lord.
At Rome, Saint Pudentiana, Virgin, who, after innumerable struggles, after reverently providing burials for many Martyrs, after distributing all her possessions to the poor for Christ's sake, at last departed from earth to heaven.
In the same place, Saint Pudens, Senator, who was the father of the same Saint Pudentiana and also of Saint Praxedes, Virgin; and, having been clothed with Christ in baptism by the Apostles, he kept the garment of innocence spotless until the crown of life.
Likewise at Rome, on the Via Appia, the birthday of Saints Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs; of whom the former was the chamberlain of the wife of the Emperor Decius, and the latter was the chief of another office, and since both refused to sacrifice to idols, they were therefore, by the command of the same Emperor, tortured with various and dreadful punishments, and at last, their necks having been beaten with a burning club, they gave up their spirits to God.
At Nicomedia, Saint Philoterus, Martyr, who was the son of the Proconsul Pacianus, and under the Emperor Diocletian, having suffered much, received the crown of martyrdom.
In the same place, the six holy Virgins and Martyrs, of whom the chief was Cyriaca, who, having freely rebuked Maximian for his impiety, was most cruelly beaten and torn apart, and at last, burned with fire, completed her martyrdom.
At Canterbury in England, Saint Dunstan, Bishop.
At Louannec in Brittany, Saint Ivo, Priest and Confessor, who, for the love of Christ, defended the causes of orphans, widows, and the poor.
At Fucecchio in Etruria, Saint Theophilus of Corte, Confessor, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, promoter of sacred retreats, whom Pope Pius the Eleventh enrolled among the Saints.
May 20
At Aquila, among the Vestini, Saint Bernardine of Siena, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor, who illuminated Italy by word and example.
At Rome, Saint Plautilla, a woman of consular rank, who was the sister of the blessed Martyr Flavius Clemens the Consul and the mother of the Virgin Flavia Domitilla; and, having been baptized by Saint Peter the Apostle, shining with the praise of every virtue, she rested in peace.
Likewise at Rome, on the Via Salaria, the birthday of Saint Basilla, Virgin, who, being of royal lineage and having a most illustrious betrothed whom she had dismissed, was accused by him of being a Christian; and soon it was decreed by the Emperor Gallienus that she should either take back her betrothed or perish by the sword. When the Virgin, confronted about this, replied that she had the King of kings as her spouse, she was run through with a sword.
At Nimes in Gaul, Saint Baudelius, Martyr, who was seized by the pagans, and since he refused to sacrifice to idols and remained immovable in the faith of Christ amid beatings and torments, he received the palm of martyrdom through a precious death.
At Edessa, near Aegae in Cilicia, the holy Martyrs Thalelasius, Asterius, Alexander, and their Companions, who suffered under the Emperor Numerian.
In the Thebaid, Saint Aquila, Martyr, who was torn apart with iron combs for Christ.
At Bourges in Aquitaine, Saint Austregisilus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Brescia, Saint Anastasius, Bishop.
At Pavia, Saint Theodore, Bishop.
May 21
Saint Valens, Bishop, who was put to death together with three boys.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy Martyrs, the Priest Secundus and others, whom the Arian Bishop George ordered to be most cruelly slain during the sacred days of Pentecost under the Emperor Constantius.
In Caesarean Mauretania, the birthday of the holy Martyr Deacons Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, who, while spreading the word of God in that same region, equally merited to be crowned.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, likewise the birthday of the holy Martyrs Polyeuctus, Victorius, and Donatus.
At Cordoba in Spain, Saint Secundinus, Martyr.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Synesius and Theopompus.
At Caesarea Philippi, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Nicostratus and Antiochus, Tribunes, with other soldiers.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy Bishops and Priests who, having been banished into exile by the Arians, merited to be joined to the holy Confessors.
At Nice, near the River Var, Saint Hospitius, Confessor, distinguished for the virtue of abstinence and the spirit of prophecy.
May 22
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Castus and Aemilius, who completed their martyrdom through the fire of their passion. These men (as Blessed Cyprian writes), having been overcome in the first encounter, the Lord made victorious in the second battle, so that those who had previously yielded to the flames might become stronger than the flames.
At Comana in Pontus, Saint Basiliscus, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Maximian and the Governor Agrippa, having been shod with iron boots pierced with red-hot nails, and having suffered many other things, was at last beheaded and thrown into a river, and so attained the glory of martyrdom.
In Corsica, Saint Julia, Virgin, who was crowned with the punishment of the cross.
In Spain, Saint Quiteria, Virgin and Martyr.
At Ravenna, Saint Marcian, Bishop and Confessor.
At Pistoia in Tuscany, Blessed Attho, Bishop, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
In the district of Auxerre, Blessed Romanus, Abbot, who ministered to Saint Benedict in his cave; from there he set out for Gaul, where, having built a monastery and left behind many disciples of holiness, he rested in the Lord.
At Aquino, Saint Fulcus, Confessor.
At Auxerre, Saint Helena, Virgin.
At Cascia in Umbria, Saint Rita, Widow, a nun of the Order of the Hermits of Saint Augustine, who, after worldly marriage, loved Christ alone as her eternal spouse.
May 23
At Langres in Gaul, the passion of Saint Desiderius, Bishop, who, when he saw his people being harassed by the army of the Vandals, approached their king to plead on their behalf. Ordered by the king to be immediately slaughtered, he willingly stretched out his neck for the sheep entrusted to him, and, struck by the sword, departed to Christ. Many others from the number of his flock also suffered with him, and they were buried at the same city.
In Spain, the holy Martyrs Epitacius, Bishop, and Basileus.
In the territory of Lyons, Saint Desiderius, Bishop of Vienne, who, by the command of King Theodoric, was overwhelmed with stones and crowned with martyrdom.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Quinctianus, Lucius, and Julian, who suffered in the Vandal persecution and merited eternal crowns.
In Cappadocia, the commemoration of the holy Martyrs who, in the persecution of Maximian Galerius, were slain with their legs broken; likewise of those who, at the same time in Mesopotamia, were hung up by their feet with their heads turned downward, suffocated by smoke and consumed by a slow fire, and so completed their martyrdom.
At Synnada in Phrygia, Saint Michael, Bishop.
On the same day, Saint Mercurialis, Bishop.
At Naples in Campania, Saint Euphebius, Bishop.
At Rome, Saint John Baptist de Rossi, Priest and Confessor, distinguished for patience and charity in evangelizing the poor.
At Norcia, Saints Eutychius and Florentius, Monks, whom Blessed Pope Gregory mentions.
May 24
At Antioch, the birthday of Saint Manahen, who was the foster-brother of Herod the Tetrarch, and, being a Teacher and Prophet under the grace of the New Testament, rested in the same city.
Likewise, Blessed Joanna, wife of Chuza, the steward of Herod, whom Luke the Evangelist mentions.
At Portus Romanus, the birthday of Saint Vincent, Martyr.
At Nantes in Brittany, the blessed Martyrs Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, who, under the Emperor Diocletian, were cast into prison for their steadfastness in the faith, suspended and torn on the rack, then pierced with a military lance, and finally beheaded.
In Istria, the holy Martyrs Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Dioclus.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Meletius, commander of the army, and his Companions, two hundred and fifty-two soldiers, who completed their martyrdom by various kinds of death.
Likewise, the holy Martyrs Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, wives of those same soldiers, who, together with their little children, were broken to pieces.
At Milan, Saint Robustian, Martyr.
At Brescia, Saint Afra, Martyr, who suffered under the Emperor Hadrian.
In the monastery of Lerins in Gaul, Saint Vincent, Priest, distinguished for learning and holiness.
At Morocco in Africa, Blessed John de Prado, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Martyr, who, in the preaching of the Gospel, after chains, prisons, scourgings, and very many other torments bravely endured for Christ, completed his martyrdom through fire.
At Bologna, the Translation of Saint Dominic, Confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory the Ninth.
May 25
At Salerno, the deposition of Blessed Gregory the Seventh, Pope and Confessor, a most vigorous champion and defender of ecclesiastical liberty.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of Blessed Urban the First, Pope and Martyr, by whose exhortation and teaching many (among whom were Tiburtius and Valerian) received the faith of Christ and underwent martyrdom for it. He too, in the persecution of Alexander Severus, having suffered much for the Church of God, was at last crowned with martyrdom by beheading.
At Jarrow in England, the passing of Saint Bede the Venerable, Priest, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, most celebrated for holiness and learning. His feast, however, is observed on the sixth day before the Kalends of June.
At Florence, the birthday of Saint Mary Magdalene de' Pazzi, Virgin, of the Order of Carmelites, illustrious for her life and holiness. Her feast is celebrated on the fourth day before the Kalends of June.
At Dorostorum in Lower Moesia, likewise the birthday of the holy Martyrs Pasicrates, Valentio, and two others, who were crowned together.
At Milan, Saint Dionysius, Bishop, who, having been banished to Cappadocia by the Arian Emperor Constantius for the Catholic faith, there gave up his spirit to God with a title closer to that of the Martyrs. His sacred body was sent by Bishop Aurelius to Milan to Blessed Bishop Ambrose; and it is reported that the assistance of Saint Basil the Great also contributed to this pious undertaking.
At Florence, the birthday of Saint Zenobius, Bishop of that city, distinguished for the holiness of his life and the glory of his miracles.
In Britain, Saint Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne.
In the territory of Troyes, Saint Leo, Confessor.
At Paris, Saint Madeleine Sophie Barat, Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, who labored greatly for the Christian education of girls, and was enrolled by Pope Pius the Eleventh in the catalogue of holy Virgins.
At Veroli, in the Hernican territory, the Translation of Saint Mary of James, whose sacred body is distinguished by very many miracles.
At Assisi in Umbria, likewise the Translation of Saint Francis, Confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory the Ninth.
May 26
At Rome, Saint Philip Neri, Priest and Confessor, who was the Founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, and was distinguished for his virginity, the gift of prophecy, and miracles.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Eleutherius, Pope and Martyr, who led many of the Roman nobility to the faith of Christ, and sent Saints Damian and Fugatius to Britain, who baptized King Lucius together with his wife and nearly all the people.
At Canterbury in England, the birthday of Saint Augustine, Bishop and Confessor, who, together with others, having been sent by Blessed Pope Gregory, preached the sacred Gospel of Christ to the English people, and there, glorious in virtues and miracles, fell asleep in the Lord. His feast, however, is observed on the fifth day before the Kalends of June.
At Athens, likewise the birthday of Blessed Quadratus, a disciple of the Apostles, who, in the persecution of Hadrian, gathering together by his faith and effort the Church that had been scattered by great terror, presented to the same Emperor a book in defense of the Christian religion, very useful and worthy of Apostolic teaching.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs, the Priest Simitrius, and twenty-two others, who suffered under Antoninus Pius.
At Vienne in Gaul, Saint Zacharias, Bishop and Martyr, who suffered under Trajan.
In Africa, Saint Quadratus, Martyr, in whose solemnity Saint Augustine delivered a sermon.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus.
In the territory of Auxerre, the passion of Saint Priscus, Martyr, who was beheaded together with a great multitude of the faithful of Christ.
In the city of Quito, in the territory of Ecuador, Saint Mary Anne of Jesus de Paredes, Virgin, of the Third Order of Saint Francis, distinguished for austerity and charity toward her neighbor, whom Pope Pius the Twelfth enrolled in the catalogue of holy Virgins.
May 27
Saint Bede the Venerable, Priest, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, who departed to heaven on the eighth day before the Kalends of June.
Saint John the First, Pope and Martyr, whose birthday is recorded on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of June, but whose feast is chiefly celebrated on this day on account of the Translation of his body.
At Dorostorum in Lower Moesia, the passion of Blessed Julius, who, in the time of the Emperor Alexander, being a veteran of completed military service, was seized by officials and brought before the Governor Maximus; in whose presence, since he cursed the idols and most steadfastly confessed the name of Christ, he was punished with a capital sentence.
In the district of Arras, Saint Ranulphus, Martyr.
At Sora, Saint Restituta, Virgin and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Aurelian and the Proconsul Agathius, having undertaken the combat of faith, overcame the assaults of demons, the blandishments of her parents, and the cruelty of torturers, and at last, together with other Christians, was beheaded and adorned with martyrdom.
At Orange in Gaul, Saint Eutropius, Bishop, illustrious for virtues and miracles.
At Wurzburg in Germany, Saint Bruno, Bishop and Confessor.
May 28
Saint Augustine, Bishop of Canterbury and Confessor, whose feast day is observed on the seventh day before the Kalends of June.
In Sardinia, the holy Martyrs Aemilius, Felix, Priamus, and Lucian, who, fighting for Christ, were gloriously crowned by Him.
At Chartres, in Gaul, Saint Caraunus the Martyr, who, under the Emperor Domitian, was beheaded and received martyrdom.
Likewise, the passion of the holy Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius.
At Tekoa, in Palestine, the holy Monk Martyrs, who, in the time of Theodosius the Younger, were slain by the Saracens; whose sacred relics the inhabitants gathered and held in the highest veneration.
At Corinth, Saint Heliconides the Martyr, in the time of the Emperor Gordian. She was first afflicted with many torments under the Governor Perennius; then, under his successor Justin, she was tortured again but was freed by Angels; finally, with her breasts cut off, cast before wild beasts, and tested by fire, she completed her martyrdom by beheading.
At Paris, Saint Germanus, Bishop and Confessor; how great his sanctity and merit were, and by what miracles he shone, Bishop Fortunatus recorded in his literary monuments.
At Milan, Saint Senator the Bishop, most illustrious for his virtues and learning.
At Urgell, in Tarraconensian Spain, Saint Justus the Bishop.
At Florence, Saint Podius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Novara, Saint Bernard of Menthon, Confessor, who on the Mons Jovis, in the Alps, in Valais, built a most famous monastery and hospice, and was appointed by Pope Pius XI as heavenly Patron not only of the inhabitants and travelers of the Alps, but also of those who exercise themselves by climbing their ridges.
May 29
Saint Mary Magdalene de' Pazzi, of the Order of Carmelites, Virgin, whose feast day is recorded on the eighth day before the Kalends of June.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the feast of Saint Restitutus the Martyr.
At Iconium, in Lycaonia, the passion of the holy Cono and his twelve-year-old son, who, under the Emperor Aurelian, steadfastly endured the punishment of a gridiron glowing with coals placed beneath and oil poured over it, suspension on the rack, and fire; at the last, with their hands crushed by a wooden mallet, they gave up their spirits.
In the territory of Trent, the feast of the holy Martyrs Sisinnius, Martyrius, and Alexander; who, in the time of the Emperor Honorius, in the regions of Anaunia (as Paulinus writes in the life of Saint Ambrose), obtained the crown of martyrdom at the hands of persecuting pagans.
At Camerino, the passion of one thousand five hundred and twenty-five holy Martyrs.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy women Martyrs Theodosia, who was the mother of Saint Procopius the Martyr, and twelve other noble matrons; who, in the persecution of Diocletian, were put to death by beheading.
At Trier, Blessed Maximinus, Bishop and Confessor; by whom Saint Athanasius the Bishop, exiled on account of the Arian persecution, was honorably received.
At Verona, Saint Maximus the Bishop.
At Arcanum, in Latium, Saint Eleutherius the Confessor.
May 30
Saint Felix I, Pope and Martyr, whose feast day is recorded on the third day before the Kalends of January.
At Porto Torres, in Sardinia, the holy Martyrs Gabinus and Crispulus.
At Antioch, the holy Sycus and Palatinus, who suffered many torments for the name of Christ.
At Ravenna, Saint Exsuperantius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Pavia, Saint Anastasius the Bishop.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy Basil and his wife Emmelia, who were the parents of the blessed Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, and Peter of Sebaste, all Bishops, and of Macrina the Virgin. These holy spouses, in the time of Galerius Maximian, were made exiles and dwelt in the solitudes of Pontus; and after the persecution, having left their children as heirs of their virtues, they rested in peace.
At Seville, in Spain, Saint Ferdinand III, King of Castile and Leon, surnamed the Saint on account of his outstanding virtues; who, renowned for his zeal in spreading the faith, at last, having conquered the Moors, leaving behind his earthly kingdom, happily flew to the heavenly kingdom.
At Rouen, Saint Joan of Arc, Virgin, called the Maid of Orleans, who, after fighting bravely for her country, was at last delivered into the power of her enemies, condemned by an unjust judgment, and burned by fire; and was inscribed in the catalogue of the Saints by Pope Benedict XV.
May 31
The Feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary the Queen.
At Rome, Saint Petronilla the Virgin, daughter of the blessed Apostle Peter, who, spurning the marriage of the nobleman Flaccus, and having received a three-day period for deliberation, meanwhile devoting herself to fasting and prayers, on the third day, as soon as she received the Sacrament of Christ, gave up her spirit.
At Aquileia, the holy Martyr brothers Cantius, Cantianus, and Cantianilla, who, being of the illustrious Anician family, under the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, on account of the steadfastness of their Christian faith, together with their tutor Protus, were beheaded.
At Porto Torres, in Sardinia, Saint Crescentianus the Martyr.
At Comana, in Pontus, Saint Hermias the soldier, who, under the Emperor Antoninus, freed by divine aid from innumerable and most cruel torments, converted his executioner to Christ and made him a partaker of the same crown of martyrdom; which crown, however, he himself was the first to receive, being slain by the sword.
At Verona, Saint Lupicinus the Bishop.
At Rome, Saint Paschasius, Deacon and Confessor, whom the blessed Pope Gregory mentions.
June
June 1
Saint Angela Merici, Virgin, of the Third Order of Saint Francis; who was the Foundress of the Society of the Virgins of Saint Ursula, and was called by her Heavenly Spouse to receive the unfading crown on the sixth day before the Kalends of February.
At Rome, Saint Juventius the Martyr.
At Autun, the holy Reverianus the Bishop and Paul the Priest, with ten others, who, under the Emperor Aurelian, were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, Blessed Pamphilus, Priest and Martyr, a man of admirable sanctity and learning, and generous to the poor; who, on account of his faith in Christ, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, was first tortured under the Governor Urbanus and thrust into prison, then, under Firmilianus, was again recalled for punishment, and together with others completed his martyrdom. At that time also suffered Valens the Deacon, and Paul, and nine others; whose memory is celebrated on other days.
In Cappadocia, Saint Thespesius the Martyr, who, under the Emperor Alexander and the Prefect Simplicius, after other torments, was beheaded.
In Egypt, the holy Martyrs Ischyrion, a military commander, and five other soldiers; who, under the Emperor Diocletian, were slain by various kinds of death for the faith of Christ.
Likewise, Saint Firmus the Martyr, who, in the persecution of Maximian, was afflicted with most bitter blows, struck with stones, and finally beheaded.
At Perugia, the holy Martyrs Felinus and Gratinian, soldiers, who, under Decius, were tortured with various torments and received the palm of martyrdom through a glorious death.
At Bologna, Saint Proculus the Martyr, who suffered under the Emperor Maximian.
At Amelia, in Umbria, Saint Secundus the Martyr, who, under Diocletian, was cast into the Tiber and completed his martyrdom.
At Citta di Castello, in Umbria, Saint Crescentianus, a Roman soldier, who, under the same Emperor, was crowned with martyrdom.
In the monastery of Lerins, in Gaul, Saint Caprasius the Abbot.
In the monastery of Onna, near Burgos, in Spain, Saint Eneco, a Benedictine Abbot, illustrious for the glory of his sanctity and miracles.
At Montefalco, in Umbria, Saint Fortunatus the Priest, renowned for his virtues and miracles.
At Trier, Saint Simeon the Monk, who was enrolled in the number of the Saints by Pope Benedict IX.
June 2
At Rome, the feast of the holy Martyrs Marcellinus the Priest and Peter the Exorcist, who, under Diocletian, since they were instructing many in the faith while in prison, were therefore, after grievous chains and many torments, beheaded by the Judge Serenus in a place called the Black Forest; which was afterward, in honor of the Saints, given the changed name of the White Forest. Their bodies were buried in a crypt, near Saint Tiburtius; and their tomb was later adorned with verses by the holy Pope Damasus.
In Campania, Saint Erasmus, Bishop and Martyr. He, under the Emperor Diocletian, was first beaten with lead-tipped scourges, then severely struck with clubs; afterward, doused with resin, sulfur, lead, pitch, wax, and oil, he appeared unharmed. Then at Formia, under Maximian, he was again tortured with various and most savage punishments, but was preserved by God to strengthen the others. At last, at the Lord's call, renowned for his martyrdom, he rested with a holy end. His body was afterward translated to Gaeta.
At Lyon, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Pothinus the Bishop, Sanctus the Deacon, Vettius Epagathus, Maturus, Ponticus, Biblis, Attalus, Alexander, and Blandina, with many others; whose brave and repeated contests, in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus, the letter of the Church of Lyon, written to the Churches of Asia and Phrygia, recounts. Among these, Saint Blandina, weaker in sex, feebler in body, lower in condition, undergoing longer and more bitter contests and still remaining strong, was slain by the sword, following the others whom she had encouraged to the palm of victory.
On the island of Proconnesus, in the Propontis, Saint Nicephorus, Bishop of Constantinople, who, a most vigorous champion of the traditions of the Fathers, steadfastly opposed Leo the Armenian, the Iconoclast Emperor, in defense of the veneration of holy Images; by whom he was punished with exile, and there, after enduring a long martyrdom for fourteen years, he departed to the Lord.
At Rome, Saint Eugene I, Pope and Confessor.
At Trani, in Apulia, Saint Nicholas the Pilgrim, Confessor, whose miracles were recounted at the Roman Council over which the blessed Pope Urban II presided.
June 3
At Arezzo, in Tuscany, the holy Martyr brothers Pergentinus and Laurentinus, who, in the persecution of Decius, under the Governor Tiburtius, being mere boys, were there, after enduring dreadful punishments and displaying great miracles, struck down by the sword.
At Constantinople, the holy Martyrs Lucillian and four boys, namely Claudius, Hypatius, Paul, and Dionysius. Lucillian, together with these boys, having been converted from a priest of idols to Christianity, was cast into a furnace after various torments, but when the flame was extinguished by a shower of rain, they all escaped unharmed. At length, he himself was nailed to a cross, while the boys were beheaded, and they were all consummated under the Governor Silvanus.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Blessed Isaac the Monk, who was slain by the sword for the faith of Christ.
At Constantinople, Saint Paula, Virgin and Martyr, who, while collecting the blood of the aforementioned Martyrs Lucillian and his Companions, was therefore seized, beaten with rods, and cast into the fire but freed; finally she too was beheaded at the same place where Saint Lucillian had been crucified.
At Carthage, Saint Caecilius the Priest, who led Saint Cyprian to the faith of Christ.
In the territory of Orleans, Saint Liphard, Priest and Confessor.
At Lucca, in Tuscany, Saint Davinus the Confessor.
At Anagni, Saint Oliva the Virgin.
At Paris, Saint Clotilde the Queen, through whose prayers her husband Clovis, King of the Franks, received the faith of Christ.
June 4
At Agnone, in Hither Abruzzi, Saint Francis, of the noble Neapolitan family of Caracciolo, Confessor, Founder of the Congregation of Minor Regular Clerics, who burned with wonderful charity toward God and neighbor and with the most ardent zeal for promoting the worship of the Holy Eucharist; and was inscribed in the canon of Saints by Pope Pius VII. His body was translated to Naples, in Campania, and there it is venerated with the greatest devotion.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Aretius and Dacian.
At Siscia, in Illyricum, Saint Quirinus the Bishop, who, under the Governor Galerius, for the faith of Christ (as Prudentius writes), with a millstone tied to his neck, was cast into the river; but, with the stone floating, after he had long exhorted the Christians standing around not to be terrified by his punishment nor to waver in the faith, he himself, in order to attain the glory of martyrdom, obtained by his prayers to God that he might be submerged.
At Milan, Saint Clatus, Bishop of Brescia and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Nero, was seized by order of the Prefect of that city, and, since he refused to renounce Christ, was afflicted with many beatings and beheaded.
In Pannonia, the holy Martyrs Rutilus and his Companions.
At Tivoli, Saint Quirinus the Martyr.
At Arras, in Gaul, Saint Saturnina, Virgin and Martyr.
At Constantinople, Saint Metrophanes, an outstanding Bishop and Confessor.
At Milevis, in Numidia, Saint Optatus the Bishop, conspicuous for his learning and sanctity, whom the holy Church Fathers Augustine and Fulgentius celebrated with their praises.
At Verona, Saint Alexander the Bishop.
June 5
In Frisia, Saint Boniface, Bishop of Mainz and Martyr. He came from England to Rome, and from there was sent by the blessed Pope Gregory II into Germany to evangelize those peoples with the faith of Christ, and, having brought a great multitude there, especially of the Frisians, under the yoke of the Christian religion, he merited the title of Apostle of the Germans. At the last, in Frisia, slain by the sword of raging pagans, together with his fellow Bishop Eoban and certain other servants of God, he completed his martyrdom.
At Tyre, in Phoenicia, Saint Dorotheus the Priest, who, under Diocletian, suffered much; and, surviving until the times of Julian, under him, at the age of one hundred and seven, he honored his venerable old age with martyrdom.
In Egypt, the feast of the holy Martyrs Marcian, Nicanor, Apollonius, and others, who, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Perugia, the holy Martyrs Florentius, Julian, Cyriacus, Marcellinus, and Faustinus, who were all beheaded in the persecution of the Emperor Decius.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Blessed Sancius, a youth, who, although educated in the royal court, did not hesitate to undergo martyrdom for the faith of Christ during the Arab persecution.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the passion of the holy women Zenais, Cyria, Valeria, and Marcia; who, through many torments, joyfully attained martyrdom.
June 6
At Magdeburg, Saint Norbert, Bishop of that city and Confessor, who was the Founder of the Premonstratensian Order.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the feast of Blessed Philip, who was one of the first seven Deacons. He, renowned for signs and wonders, converted Samaria to the faith of Christ and baptized the Eunuch of Candace, Queen of the Ethiopians, and at last rested at Caesarea. Near him lie buried three Virgins, his daughters and Prophetesses; for his fourth daughter, full of the Holy Spirit, died at Ephesus.
At Rome, Saint Artemius, with his wife Candida and his daughter Paulina. Of these, Artemius, converted to Christ by the preaching and miracles of Saint Peter the Exorcist, and baptized together with his whole household by the priest Saint Marcellinus, was by order of the Judge Serenus beaten with lead-tipped scourges and struck with the sword; while his wife and daughter were driven into a crypt and buried under stones and rubble.
In the territory of Bologna, Saint Alexander, Bishop of Fiesole and Martyr; who, returning from the city of Pavia, where he had vindicated the property of his Church from usurpers before the King of the Lombards, was cast by them into the River Reno and drowned.
At Tarsus, in Cilicia, twenty holy Martyrs, who, in the times of Diocletian and Maximian, under the Judge Simplicius, glorified God in their bodies through various torments.
At Noyon, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Amantius, Alexander, and their Companions.
At Milan, the burial of Saint Eustorgius II, Bishop and Confessor.
At Verona, Saint John the Bishop.
At Besancon, in Gaul, Saint Claudius the Bishop.
June 7
At Constantinople, the feast of Saint Paul, Bishop of that city, who was often driven out by the Arians on account of the Catholic faith, and was restored by the holy Julius I, Roman Pontiff; and at last, banished by the Arian Emperor Constantius to Cucusus, a small town of Cappadocia, he was there cruelly strangled through the treachery of the Arians, and departed to the heavenly kingdoms. His body was afterward translated to Constantinople with the highest honor under the Emperor Theodosius.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Monks and Martyrs Peter the Priest, Wallabonsus the Deacon, Sabinian, Wistremund, Habentius, and Jeremiah, who were slaughtered for Christ during the Arab persecution.
At Hermopolis, in Egypt, Saint Lycarion the Martyr, who was torn apart, beaten with red-hot iron rods, and suffered other most cruel torments, and at last, struck by the sword, completed his martyrdom.
At Piacenza, Saint Anthony Mary Gianelli, Bishop of Bobbio, Founder of the Congregation of the Daughters of Our Lady of the Garden, whom Pope Pius XII numbered among the heavenly Saints.
In England, Saint Robert the Abbot, of the Cistercian Order.
June 8
At Aix, in Gaul, Saint Maximinus, who was the first Bishop of that city, and is traditionally said to have been a disciple of the Lord. On the same day, Saint Calliope the Martyr, who, for the faith of Christ, had her breasts cut off and her flesh burned, was rolled upon potsherds, and finally, beheaded, received the palm of martyrdom.
At York, in England, Saint William, Bishop and Confessor, who, among other miracles performed at his tomb, raised three dead persons, and was enrolled in the canon of Saints by Pope Honorius III.
At Soissons, in Gaul, the feast of Saint Medard, Bishop of Noyon; whose life and precious death are commended by glorious miracles.
At Rouen, Saint Gildard the Bishop, who was the brother of the same Saint Medard. Both brothers, born on the same day and consecrated Bishops on the same day, were also taken from this life on one and the same day, and departed together to heaven.
At Sens, Saint Heraclius the Bishop.
At Metz, in Gaul, Saint Clodulphus the Bishop.
In Picenum, Saint Severinus, Bishop of Septempeda.
In Sardinia, Saint Sallustian the Confessor.
At Camerino, Saint Victorinus the Confessor, who was the full brother of the aforementioned Saint Severinus, Bishop of Septempeda.
June 9
At Nomentum, in the Sabine territory, the feast of the holy Martyr brothers Primus and Felician, under the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. These glorious Martyrs, having lived a long life in the Lord, and having endured now together equal, now separately diverse and exquisite torments, both at last completed the course of their blessed struggle, executed by the sword under the Nomentine Governor Promotus. The bodies of these Martyrs were afterward translated to Rome and honorably placed in the Church of Saint Stephen the Protomartyr, on the Caelian Hill.
At Agen, in Gaul, the passion of Saint Vincent, Deacon and Martyr, who, for the faith of Christ, was most cruelly beaten with scourges and beheaded by the sword.
At Antioch, Saint Pelagia, Virgin and Martyr, whom Saints Ambrose and John Chrysostom extol with great praises.
At Syracuse, in Sicily, Saint Maximian the Bishop, whom the holy Pope Gregory frequently mentions.
At Andria, in Apulia, Saint Richard, who was the first Bishop of that city and was renowned for miracles.
On the island of Iona, in Scotland, Saint Columba, Priest and Abbot.
At Edessa, in Syria, Saint Julian the Monk, whose illustrious deeds Saint Ephrem the Deacon wrote.
June 10
Saint Margaret, Widow and Queen of the Scots, who fell asleep in the Lord on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of December.
At Rome, on the Via Salaria, the passion of Blessed Getulius, a most distinguished and learned man, and father of the blessed seven brother Martyrs begotten of his holy wife Symphorosa, and of his Companions Cerealis, Amantius, and Primitivus. All of these, by order of the Emperor Hadrian, were seized by the Consular Licinius, first beaten, then cast into prison; at last, delivered to the flames but in no way harmed by the fire, they completed their martyrdom by having their heads crushed with clubs. Their bodies were gathered by Symphorosa, the wife of Blessed Getulius, and honorably buried in the sand-pit of her estate.
Likewise at Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the feast of the holy Basilides, Tripodes, Mandalis, and twenty other Martyrs, under the Emperor Aurelian and the City Prefect Plato.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Maximus, Bishop and Martyr; who, on account of his vigorous confession of the Nicene faith, was driven into exile by the Emperor Constantius, and there, worn out by hardships, died.
At Prusa, in Bithynia, Saint Timothy, Bishop and Martyr, who, under Julian the Apostate, since he refused to renounce Christ, was therefore, by order of the Emperor himself, beheaded.
At Cologne, Saint Maurinus, Abbot and Martyr.
At Nicomedia, Saint Zacharias the Martyr.
In Spain, the holy Martyrs Crispulus and Restitutus.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Aresius, Rogatus, and fifteen others.
At Petra, in Arabia, Saint Asterius the Bishop, who, on account of the Catholic faith, suffered much from the Arians and was banished to Africa by the Emperor Constantius, and at last, having been restored to his Church, died a glorious Confessor.
At Auxerre, Saint Censurius the Bishop.
June 11
At Salamis, in Cyprus, the feast of Saint Barnabas the Apostle, who, a Cypriot by birth, was ordained an Apostle of the Gentiles by the disciples together with Paul, and traveled through many regions with him, carrying out the work of evangelical preaching entrusted to him. At last, having set out for Cyprus, he there adorned his Apostolate with a glorious martyrdom. His body was found in the time of the Emperor Zeno, revealed by Barnabas himself, together with a copy of the Gospel of Saint Matthew written in Barnabas's own hand.
At Salamanca, in Spain, likewise the feast of Saint John of Sahagun, of the Order of Augustinian Hermits, Confessor; who shone with zeal for the faith, holiness of life, and miracles. His feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Aquileia, the passion of the holy brothers Felix and Fortunatus, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, were suspended on the rack, and, with burning lamps placed around their sides which were soon extinguished by divine power, were doused over their bellies with boiling oil; and at the last, since they persisted in their confession of Christ, they completed the course of their glorious contest by being beheaded.
At Bremen, the feast of Saint Rembert, Bishop of Hamburg and Bremen.
At Treviso, Saint Parisius, a citizen of Bologna, Confessor and Monk, of the Camaldolese Order.
At Rome, the Translation of Saint Gregory Nazianzen, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church; whose sacred body, previously brought from Constantinople to the City and long preserved in the Church of the Holy Mother of God at the Campus Martius, was translated by Pope Gregory XIII with the greatest solemnity to the Chapel which he himself had most magnificently adorned in the Basilica of Saint Peter, and on the following day was laid with fitting honor beneath the altar.
June 12
Saint John of Sahagun, of the Order of Augustinian Hermits, Confessor, who departed to heaven on the day before this day.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the feast of the holy Martyr soldiers Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, under the Prefect Aurelius, for confessing the Christian name, were thrust into prison and lacerated with scorpion-whips, and finally beheaded.
At Nicaea, in Bithynia, Saint Antonina the Martyr, who, in the same persecution, was ordered by the Governor Priscillian to be beaten with clubs, suspended on the rack, have her sides torn, be set ablaze with flames, and finally slain by the sword.
At Rome, in the Vatican Basilica, Saint Leo III, Pope, whose eyes, torn out by the impious, and whose tongue, cut off, God miraculously restored.
In Thrace, Saint Olympius the Bishop, who, driven from his see by the Arians, died a Confessor.
In Cilicia, Saint Amphion the Bishop, who, in the time of Galerius Maximian, was an outstanding Confessor.
In Egypt, Saint Onuphrius the Anchorite, who lived a religious life in the vast desert for sixty years, and, renowned for his great virtues and merits, departed to heaven. His remarkable deeds were recorded by the Abbot Paphnutius.
June 13
At Padua, Saint Anthony of Portugal, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, illustrious in life, miracles, and preaching, whom Pope Gregory IX enrolled in the catalogue of Saints less than one year after his death.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the birthday of Saint Felicula, Virgin and Martyr, who, refusing to marry Flaccus or to sacrifice to idols, was handed over to a judge, who, since she persevered in the confession of Christ, after dark imprisonment and starvation, had her tortured on the rack until she breathed her last, and then had her taken down and cast into a sewer. Her body, however, was recovered from there and buried on the same road by the holy priest Nicomedes.
In the Peligni region, Saint Peregrinus, Bishop and Martyr, who, for the Catholic faith, was drowned by the Lombards in the Aterno River.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Fandila, Priest and Monk, who, in the Arabian persecution, underwent martyrdom for the faith of Christ by beheading.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Fortunatus and Lucian.
At Byblos, in Phoenicia, Saint Aquilina, Virgin and Martyr, who, at twelve years of age, under the Emperor Diocletian and the judge Volusian, was struck with blows and scourges for confessing the faith, pierced with red-hot awls, and finally struck with the sword, consecrating her virginity by martyrdom.
In Cyprus, Saint Triphyllius, Bishop.
June 14
Saint Basil, surnamed the Great, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the Kalends of January, but is chiefly celebrated on this day, on which he was ordained Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
At Samaria, in Palestine, Saint Elisha the Prophet, whose tomb, where the prophet Obadiah also rests, Saint Jerome writes is dreaded by demons.
At Syracuse, in Sicily, Saint Marcian, Bishop, who, having been ordained Bishop by the blessed Apostle Peter, was slain there by the Jews after preaching the Gospel.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Anastasius the Priest, Felix the Monk, and Digna the Virgin.
At Soissons, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Valerius and Rufinus, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, were ordered by the governor Rictiovarus to be beheaded after many torments.
At Constantinople, Saint Methodius, Bishop.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Aetherius, Bishop.
At Rodez, in Gaul, Saint Quinctian, Bishop.
June 15
At the Silarus River, in Lucania, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, who, under the Emperor Diocletian, were brought there from Sicily, and there, after enduring a cauldron of boiling lead, wild beasts, and the rack, all overcome by divine power, completed the course of their glorious contest.
At Dorostorum, in Lower Moesia, Saint Hesychius, a soldier, who, arrested with the blessed Julius, was crowned with martyrdom after him, under the governor Maximus.
At Zephyrium, in Cilicia, Saint Dulas, Martyr, who, under the governor Maximus, for the name of Christ, was beaten with rods, placed on a gridiron, burned with boiling oil, and after suffering other torments, victoriously received the palm of martyrdom.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Benildis, Martyr.
At Nisibis, in Mesopotamia, the holy Virgins and Martyrs Libye and Leonides, sisters, and Eutropia, a girl of twelve years, who through various torments attained the crown of martyrdom.
At Valenciennes, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Landelin, Abbot.
At Clermont, in Gaul, Saint Abraham, Confessor, illustrious for his holiness and miracles.
At Pibrac, in the Diocese of Toulouse, Saint Germaine Cousin, Virgin, who remained devoted to tending flocks, and, having lived a humble and poor life, and having most patiently endured many afflictions, departed to the Heavenly Bridegroom; she was renowned for very many miracles after death, and was enrolled in the number of holy Virgins by [Blessed] Pope Pius IX.
June 16
At Mainz, the passion of Saint Auraeus, Bishop, and his sister Justina, and the other Martyrs, who, while holding a liturgical assembly in the Church, were slaughtered by the Huns as they ravaged Germany.
At Besancon, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Ferreolus the Priest and Ferrution the Deacon, who, sent by the blessed Bishop Irenaeus to preach the word of God, were afterward, under the judge Claudius, tortured with various punishments and struck with the sword.
At Tarsus, in Cilicia, the holy Martyrs Quiricus and his mother Julitta, under the Emperor Diocletian. Of these, Quiricus, a three-year-old boy, while mourning with inconsolable grief for his mother, who was being most cruelly beaten with sinews before the governor Alexander, was dashed against the steps of the tribunal and died. Julitta, after cruel scourges and grievous torments, completed the course of her martyrdom by the severing of her head.
At Amathus, in Cyprus, Saint Tychon, Bishop, in the time of Theodosius the Younger.
At Lyon, in Gaul, the burial of the blessed Aurelian, Bishop of Arles.
At Nantes, in Brittany, Saint Similian, Bishop and Confessor.
At Meissen, in Germany, Saint Benno, Bishop.
In the monastery of Aywiers, in Brabant, Saint Lutgard, Virgin.
June 17
At Rome, the birthday of two hundred and sixty-two holy Martyrs, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, were slain for the faith of Christ, and laid to rest on the Old Salarian Way, at the Hill of Cucumeris.
At Besancon, in Gaul, Saint Antidius, Bishop and Martyr, who was slain by the Vandals for the faith of Christ.
At Apollonia, in Macedonia, the holy Martyrs from Athens: Isaurus the Deacon, Innocentius, Felix, Jeremiah, and Peregrinus, who, variously tortured by the tribune Tripontius, were beheaded.
At Terracina, in Campania, Saint Montanus, a soldier, who, under the Emperor Hadrian and the consular Leontius, received the crown of martyrdom after many torments.
At Venafro, in Campania, the holy Martyrs Nicander and Marcian, who, in the persecution of Maximian, were beheaded.
At Chalcedon, the holy Martyrs Manuel, Sabel, and Ismael, who, serving as ambassadors on behalf of the King of Persia to Julian the Apostate for the sake of peace, were ordered by the Emperor himself to be struck with the sword, when they were compelled to worship idols and refused with steadfast spirit.
At Amelia, in Umbria, Saint Himerius, Bishop, whose body was translated to Cremona, in Lombardy.
In the district of Bourges, Saint Gundulphus, Bishop.
At Orleans, in Gaul, Saint Avitus, Priest and Confessor.
In Phrygia, Saint Hypatius, Confessor.
Likewise, Saint Bessarion, Anchorite.
At Pisa, in Tuscany, Saint Ranieri, Confessor.
June 18
At Edessa, in Mesopotamia, Saint Ephrem, Deacon of Edessa and Confessor, who, after many labors undertaken for the faith of Christ, distinguished for learning and holiness, rested in the Lord under the Emperor Valens, and was declared a Doctor of the Universal Church by Pope Benedict XV.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the birthday of the holy Martyrs and brothers Marcus and Marcellian, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, were seized by the judge Fabian and bound to a stake, and had sharp nails driven into their feet; and since they did not cease praising Christ, they were pierced through the sides with lances, and departed to the heavenly kingdoms with the glory of martyrdom.
At Malaga, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Cyriacus and Paula the Virgin, who, overwhelmed with stones, gave up their souls to heaven amidst the rocks.
At Tripoli, in Phoenicia, Saint Leontius, a soldier, who, under the governor Hadrian, together with the tribune Hypatius and Theodulus, whom he had converted to Christ, through bitter torments attained the crown of martyrdom.
On the same day, Saint Aetherius, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, after fires and other tortures, was struck down with the sword.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saint Marina, Virgin.
At Bordeaux, Saint Amandus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Sciacca, in Sicily, Saint Calogerus the Hermit, whose holiness shines forth especially in the liberation of those possessed by demons.
At Schonau, in Germany, Saint Elizabeth, Virgin, renowned for her observance of the monastic life.
June 19
At Florence, Saint Juliana Falconieri, Virgin, who was the Foundress of the Sisters of the Order of Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and was enrolled in the number of holy Virgins by Pope Clement XII.
At Milan, the holy Martyrs and brothers Gervasius and Protasius. Of these, the judge Astasius ordered the first to be beaten with lead-tipped scourges until he breathed his last; the second, after being beaten with clubs, was beheaded. The Lord revealing their location, the blessed Ambrose found their bodies sprinkled with blood and so incorrupt, as if they had been slain that very day. At their translation, a blind man received his sight by touching the bier, and very many who were tormented by demons were set free.
In the monastery of Val di Castro, in Picenum, the birthday of Saint Romuald of Ravenna, Anchorite and Father of the Camaldolese Monks, who restored the collapsed eremitic discipline in Italy and wonderfully propagated it. His feast, however, is celebrated on the seventh day before the Ides of February, on which day his sacred relics were translated to Fabriano.
At Arezzo, in Tuscany, the holy Martyrs Gaudentius the Bishop and Culmatius the Deacon, who, in the time of Valentinian, were slain by the fury of the pagans.
On the same day, Saint Boniface, Bishop and Martyr, who was a disciple of the blessed Romuald. He was sent by Pope Gregory V to preach the Gospel in Russia, and there, after passing through fire unharmed and baptizing the King and the people, was slain by the King's furious brother, and thus received the longed-for crown of martyrdom.
At Ravenna, Saint Ursicinus, Martyr, who, under the judge Paulinus, after very many torments, remaining immovable in the confession of the Lord, completed his martyrdom by the severing of his head.
At Sozopolis, in Pisidia, Saint Zosimus, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Trajan, under the governor Domitian, after bitter tortures, was beheaded and departed victoriously to the Lord.
June 20
On the island of Pontia, the birthday of Saint Silverius, Pope and Martyr, who, because he refused to restore Anthimus, a heretical bishop deposed by his predecessor Agapitus, was driven into exile by Belisarius at the instigation of the impious Empress Theodora, and there, worn out by many afflictions for the Catholic faith, he died.
At Rome, the burial of Saint Novatus, who was the son of the blessed Senator Pudens, and brother of Saint Timothy the Priest and of the holy Virgins of Christ, Pudentiana and Praxedes, who were instructed in the faith by the Apostles. Their house, converted into a church, is called the Title of the Pastor.
At Tomi, in Pontus, the holy Martyrs Paul and Cyriacus.
At Petra, in Palestine, Saint Macarius, Bishop, who, having suffered much from the Arians and been banished to Africa, rested in the Lord as a Confessor.
At Seville, in Spain, Saint Florentina, Virgin, sister of the holy Bishops Leander and Isidore.
June 21
At Rome, Saint Aloysius Gonzaga, Cleric of the Society of Jesus and Confessor, most illustrious for his contempt of rank and innocence of life, whom Pope Benedict XIII enrolled in the calendar of Saints and appointed as Protector especially of students; Pope Pius XI solemnly confirmed and again declared him the heavenly Patron of all Christian youth.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Demetria, Virgin, who, daughter of the holy Martyrs Flavian and Dafrosa and sister of the holy Virgin and Martyr Bibiana, was herself also crowned with martyrdom under Julian the Apostate.
On the same day, Saint Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata, who, in the time of Constantius, the Arian Emperor, visited the churches of God in disguise wearing a military habit, to confirm them in the Catholic faith. Then, under Valens, he was banished to Thrace; but when peace was restored to the Church in the time of Theodosius, he was recalled from exile. Finally, while he was again visiting the churches, his head was shattered by a tile thrown from above by an Arian woman, and so he died a Martyr.
At Iconium, in Lycaonia, Saint Terentius, Bishop and Martyr.
At Syracuse, in Sicily, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Rufinus and Martia.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Cyriacus and Apollinaris.
At Mainz, Saint Alban, Martyr, who, for the faith of Christ, after long labors and hard struggles, was made worthy of the crown of life.
At Pavia, Saint Urciscenus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Tongres, Saint Martinius, Bishop.
In the district of Evreux, Saint Leutfrid, Abbot.
June 22
At Nola, a city of Campania, the birthday of the blessed Paulinus, Bishop and Confessor, who from a most noble and wealthy man became poor and humble for Christ, and moreover gave himself into slavery to ransom the son of a widow, whom the Vandals, after devastating Campania, had carried captive into Africa. He was distinguished not only for learning and abundant holiness of life, but also for power against demons; and Saints Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Pope Gregory celebrated his illustrious praises in their writings. His body, afterward translated to Benevento and thence to Rome, was finally restored to Nola by order of the Supreme Pontiff [Saint] Pius X.
At London, in England, Saint John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester and Cardinal, who was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII for the Catholic faith and the primacy of the Roman Pontiff.
On Mount Ararat, the passion of the holy ten thousand Martyrs, who were crucified.
At Verulamium, in Britain, Saint Alban, Martyr, who, in the time of Diocletian, gave himself up in place of a cleric guest whom he had received in his home and by whom he had been instructed in the precepts of the Christian faith, exchanging garments with him; and for this reason, after scourging and bitter torments, he was beheaded. One of the soldiers also suffered with him, who, while leading him to execution, was converted to Christ on the way, and soon, beheaded by the sword, merited to be baptized in his own blood. This noble contest of Saint Alban and his companion, endured for God, was described by the Venerable Saint Bede.
At Samaria, in Palestine, the fourteen hundred and eighty holy Martyrs who were slain for the faith of Christ under Chosroes, King of the Persians.
On the same day, Saint Nicetas, Bishop of the city of Remesiana, distinguished for learning and holy character.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint John, Bishop, whom the blessed Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, called to the heavenly kingdoms.
In the monastery of Cluny, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Consortia, Virgin.
At Rome, Blessed Innocent V, Pope, of the Order of Preachers, Confessor, who labored with gentle prudence to defend the liberty of the Church and the concord of Christians. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration shown to him.
Likewise at Rome, the Translation of Saint Flavius Clemens, a man of consular rank and Martyr, who, brother of Saint Plautilla and uncle of the blessed Virgin and Martyr Flavia Domitilla, was put to death for the faith of Christ by the Emperor Domitian, with whom he had held the consulship. His body, moreover, found in the Basilica of Saint Clement the Pope, was there reinterred with solemn ceremony.
June 23
The Vigil of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist. At Rome, Saint John the Priest, who, under Julian the Apostate, was beheaded on the Old Salarian Way before a statue of the Sun, and his body was buried by the blessed priest Concordius near the assembly of the Martyrs.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Agrippina, Virgin and Martyr, who completed her martyrdom under the Emperor Valerian. Her body, translated to Sicily and laid to rest at Mineo, shines with many miracles.
At Sutri, in Tuscany, Saint Felix the Priest, whose mouth the prefect Turcius ordered to be crushed with a stone until Felix breathed his last.
At Nicomedia, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs, who, in the time of Diocletian, hiding in the mountains and caves, underwent martyrdom for the name of Christ with joyful spirit.
At Philadelphia, in Arabia, the holy Martyrs Zeno and his servant Zenas. The latter, kissing the chains of his bound master and begging him to deign to allow him to share in the torments, was seized by the soldiers, and received an equal crown of martyrdom together with his master.
At Turin, Saint Joseph Cafasso, Priest, who was illustrious for increasing the piety and learning of clerics and for reconciling those condemned to death with God, and was enrolled among the heavenly Saints by Pope Pius XII.
In the monastery of Ely, in Britain, Saint Etheldreda, Queen and Virgin, who, renowned for holiness and miracles, departed to the Lord. Her body, eleven years later, was found incorrupt.
June 24
The Nativity of Saint John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord, and son of Saints Zachary and Elizabeth, who was filled with the Holy Spirit while still in his mother's womb.
At Rome, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs, who, falsely accused by the Emperor Nero in order to divert from himself the hatred aroused by the burning of the City, were ordered to be most cruelly put to death by various kinds of execution. Some of them, covered with the skins of wild beasts, were exposed to be torn apart by dogs; others were fastened to crosses; and still others were delivered to the flames, so that when daylight failed, they might serve as torches for the night. All of these were disciples of the Apostles and the firstfruits of the Martyrs, whom the Roman Church, that fertile field of Martyrs, sent to the Lord before the death of the Apostles.
Likewise at Rome, the holy Martyrs Faustus and twenty-three others.
At Mechlin, in Brabant, the passion of Saint Rumold, Bishop of Dublin and Martyr, descended from a King of the Scots.
At Satala, in Armenia, the holy Martyrs, seven brothers, namely Orentius, Heros, Pharnacius, Firminus, Firmus, Cyriacus, and Longinus, soldiers, who were deprived of their military belt by the Emperor Maximian because they were Christians, and, separated from one another and taken to different places, endured sufferings and afflictions and rested in the Lord.
In the village of Creteil, in the territory of Paris, the passion of the holy Martyrs Agoард and Aglibert, with innumerable others of both sexes.
At Autun, the burial of Saint Simplicius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Lobbes, in Belgium, Saint Theodulph, Bishop.
June 25
In the territory of Goleto, near Nusco, Saint William, Confessor, Father of the Hermits of Montevergine.
At Beroea, the birthday of Saint Sosipater, who was a disciple of the blessed Apostle Paul.
At Rome, Saint Lucy, Virgin and Martyr, with twenty-two others.
At Alexandria, Saint Gallicanus, Martyr, a man of consular rank, who, exalted with triumphal honors and dear to the Emperor Constantine, was converted to the faith of Christ by Saints John and Paul. Having embraced the faith, he withdrew with Saint Hilarinus to Ostia on the Tiber, and there devoted himself entirely to hospitality and the service of the sick. When the fame of this spread throughout the whole world, many coming from everywhere saw the man who had been a Patrician and Consul washing the feet of the poor, setting the table, pouring water on their hands, attentively ministering to the sick, and performing all other offices of piety. He was afterward, under Julian the Apostate, expelled from there and went to Alexandria; and there, when he was compelled by the judge Raucian to sacrifice and refused, he was struck with the sword and became a Martyr of Christ.
At Nisibis, in Mesopotamia, Saint Febronia, Virgin and Martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the judge Selenus, in order to preserve her faith and chastity, was first beaten with rods and stretched on the rack, then torn with iron combs and burned with fire; finally, her teeth knocked out and her breasts and feet cut off, she was condemned to beheading, and adorned with so many jewels of suffering, she departed to her Heavenly Bridegroom.
At Reggio, Saint Prosper of Aquitaine, Bishop of the same city, distinguished for learning and piety, who strenuously contended against the Pelagians for the Catholic faith.
At Turin, the birthday of Saint Maximus, Bishop and Confessor, most renowned for learning and holiness.
In Holland, Saint Adelbert, Confessor, who was a disciple of Saint Willibrord, Bishop.
June 26
At Rome, on the Caelian Hill, the holy Martyrs and brothers John and Paul, of whom the first was steward of the household and the second chief officer of Constantia the Virgin, daughter of the Emperor Constantine; and both afterward, under Julian the Apostate, received the palm of martyrdom by the stroke of the sword.
At Trent, Saint Vigilius, Bishop, who, as he was striving to utterly root out the remnants of idolatry, was struck by a shower of stones from savage and barbarous men for the name of Christ, and so completed his martyrdom.
At Valenciennes, in Gaul, the passion of the holy Martyrs Salvius, who had been Bishop of Angouleme, and Superius.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the birthday of Saint Pelagius, a young boy, who, for confessing the faith, was torn limb from limb with iron pincers by order of the Saracen King Abderrahman, and gloriously completed his martyrdom.
At Belley, in Gaul, Saint Anthelm, who from Prior of the Grande Chartreuse became Bishop of the same city.
In the district of Poitiers, Saint Maxentius, Priest and Confessor, who was renowned for miracles.
At Thessalonica, Saint David the Hermit.
On the same day, Saint Perseveranda, Virgin.
June 27
In Galatia, Saint Crescens, who was a disciple of the blessed Apostle Paul. He, passing through Gaul, converted many to the faith of Christ by the word of preaching; and returning to the people to whom he had been specially appointed as Bishop, he at length, under Trajan, having confirmed the Galatians themselves in the work of the Lord until the end of his life, completed his martyrdom.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Zoilus and nineteen others.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, Saint Anectus, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Urbanus, after exhorting others to martyrdom and overthrowing idols by his prayer, was ordered to be beaten by ten soldiers; and at last, with his hands and feet cut off, he was beheaded and received the crown of martyrdom.
At Constantinople, Saint Sampson, Priest, host of the poor.
In the town of Chinon, in Gaul, Saint John, Priest and Confessor.
At Varad, in Hungary, Saint Ladislaus, King, who shines with most illustrious miracles to this very day.
June 28
The Vigil of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Irenaeus, Bishop and Martyr, who (as Saint Jerome writes) was a disciple of the blessed Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, and near to the times of the Apostles. He, having contended greatly against heretics by word and writing, was at length, in the persecution of Severus, crowned with a glorious martyrdom together with almost the entire people of his city.
At Utrecht, Saint Benignus, Bishop and Martyr.
At Alexandria, in the persecution of Severus, the holy Martyrs Plutarch, Serenus, Heraclides a catechumen, Hero a neophyte, another Serenus, Rhais a catechumen, and Potamioena with her mother Marcella. Among these, the Virgin Potamioena was especially distinguished, who first endured immense and innumerable struggles for her virginity, then also bore exquisite and unheard-of torments for the faith, and at last, together with her mother, was consumed by fire.
On the same day, Saint Papius, Martyr, who, in the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian, was beaten with scourges and thrown into a cauldron filled with boiling oil and fat, and after enduring other dreadful torments, was at last crowned when he offered his neck to the sword.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Argymirus, Monk and Martyr, who, in the Arabian persecution, for the faith of Christ, was placed on the rack and run through with a sword.
At Rome, Saint Paul I, Pope and Confessor.
At Lovere, in the Diocese of Brescia, Saint Vincentia Gerosa, Virgin, Co-Foundress with Saint Bartholomea Capitanio of the Institute of the Sisters of Charity, whom Pope Pius XII enrolled in the register of holy Virgins.
June 29
At Rome, the birthday of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul, who suffered in the same year and on the same day, under the Emperor Nero. The former, in the same City, was nailed to a cross with his head turned toward the ground, and buried at the Vatican near the Triumphal Way, and is celebrated with the veneration of the whole world; the latter, executed by the sword and buried on the Ostian Way, is held in equal honor.
In Cyprus, Saint Mary, mother of John who was surnamed Mark.
In the town of Argenton, in Gaul, Saint Marcellus, Martyr, who, for the faith of Christ, was beheaded together with Anastasius, a military man.
At Genoa, the birthday of Saint Syrus, Bishop.
At Narni, Saint Cassius, Bishop of the same city, of whom the holy Pope Gregory relates that scarcely a day of his life passed on which he did not offer propitiatory sacrifices to Almighty God; and his life was in harmony with this, for, giving all that he had in alms, at the hour of sacrifice he was wholly dissolved in tears. At last, on the feast day of the Apostles, on which he was accustomed to come to Rome each year, in the same city of Narni, after celebrating the solemnities of the Mass and giving the Body of the Lord and peace to all, he departed to the Lord.
In the territory of Sens, Saint Benedicta, Virgin.
June 30
Commemoration of Saint Paul the Apostle.
At Rome, Saint Lucina, a disciple of the Apostles, who, sharing her resources with the needs of the Saints, visited Christians detained in prison and attended to the burial of the Martyrs; beside whom she herself was buried, in a crypt built by her.
Also at Rome, Saint Aemiliana, Martyr.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Caius, a Priest, and Leo, a Subdeacon.
At Alexandria, the passion of Saint Basilides, who, under the Emperor Severus, when he had protected the holy Virgin Potamioena, whom he was leading to execution, from the insolence of unchaste men, received from her the reward of his pious service; for she herself, appearing to him after three days and placing a crown upon his head, not only converted him to Christ, but also, as he fought a brief contest, made him a glorious Martyr through her prayers.
At Limoges, in Aquitaine, Saint Martial, Bishop, with two Priests, Alpinian and Austriclinianus; whose life shone greatly with signs and miracles.
In the territory of Viviers, in Gaul, Saint Ostian, Priest and Confessor.
At Saanica, in the territory of Vicenza, Saint Theobald, Priest and Hermit, of the Counts of Champagne; whom Pope Alexander III, on account of his fame for holiness and miracles, enrolled in the canon of Saints.
July
July 1
The Octave of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist.
The Feast of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
On Mount Hor, the burial of Saint Aaron, the first Priest of the Levitical order.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Martin, Bishop, a disciple of the Apostles.
At Sinuessa, in Campania, the holy Martyrs Castus and Secundinus, Bishops.
In Britain, the holy Martyrs Julius and Aaron, who, after Saint Alban, suffered in the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian; at which time very many there, tortured with various torments and most cruelly torn apart, reached the joys of the heavenly city, their contest completed.
At Clermont, in Gaul, Saint Gallus, Bishop.
In the territory of Lyon, the burial of Saint Domitian, Abbot, who was the first to practice the eremitical life there, and, when he had gathered very many there in the service of God, at last, renowned for great virtues and glorious miracles, was gathered to his fathers in a good old age.
At Angouleme, in Gaul, Saint Eparchius, Abbot.
In the territory of Rheims, Saint Theodoric, Priest, who was a disciple of Blessed Remigius, Bishop.
At Emesa, in Phoenicia, Saint Simeon, Confessor, surnamed Salus, who made himself a fool for Christ; but God declared his deep wisdom through great miracles.
July 2
Also at Rome, the passion of three holy soldiers, who, converted to Christ at the martyrdom of Blessed Paul the Apostle, merited to become partakers of heavenly glory with him.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Aristo, Crescentian, Eutychian, Urban, Vitalis, Justus, Felicissimus, Felix, Marcia, and Symphorosa; all of whom, in Campania, when the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian was raging, were crowned with martyrdom.
At Winchester, in England, Saint Swithun, Bishop, whose holiness shone forth with miracles.
At Bamberg, Saint Otto, Bishop, who preached the Gospel to the Pomeranians and converted them to the faith.
At Lecce, in Apulia, Saint Bernardino Realino, Confessor, who, having served admirably in the office of magistrate, entered the Society of Jesus and was raised to the priesthood, and became renowned for his charity and miracles.
At Tours, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Monegundis, a devout woman.
July 3
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Leo II, Pope and Confessor, who, in the first year of his pontificate, full of merits, departed to heaven.
At Chiusi, in Etruria, the holy Martyrs Irenaeus, a Deacon, and Mustiola, a matron; who, under the Emperor Aurelian, tortured with various and atrocious punishments, merited the crown of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Tryphon and twelve others.
At Constantinople, the holy Martyrs Eulogius and Companions.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Saint Hyacinth, who was a chamberlain of the Emperor Trajan; and, accused of being a Christian, was afflicted with various blows, and, cast into prison, there expired, consumed by hunger.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Mark and Mucian, who were slain by the sword for Christ. When a small boy urged them in a loud voice not to sacrifice to idols, he was ordered to be beaten; and when he confessed Christ all the more vehemently, he was at last put to death together with a certain Paul, who was exhorting the Martyrs.
At Laodicea, in Syria, Saint Anatolius, Bishop, who left writings worthy of admiration not only for religious men but also for philosophers.
At Altino, in the territory of the Venetians, Saint Heliodorus, Bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Ravenna, Saint Dathus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Edessa, in Mesopotamia, the Translation of Saint Thomas the Apostle from India; whose relics were later transferred to Ortona, among the Frentani.
July 4
At Estremoz, in Portugal, the birthday of Saint Elizabeth, Widow, Queen of Portugal, whom Pope Urban VIII enrolled in the number of the Saints on account of her renowned virtues and miracles. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the eighth day before the Ides of this month, by the disposition of Pope Innocent XII.
The holy Prophets Hosea and Haggai.
In the territory of Bourges, Saint Laurian, Bishop of Seville and Martyr, whose head was carried to Seville, in Spain.
In Africa, the birthday of Saint Jucundian, Martyr, drowned in the sea for Christ.
At Sirmium, the holy Martyrs Innocent and Sebastia, with thirty others.
At Madaura, in Africa, Saint Namphanion, Martyr, and Companions, whom he strengthened for the fight and led to the crown.
At Cyrene, in Libya, Saint Theodore, Bishop, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Dignian, was beaten with leaden scourges and had his tongue cut out; and at last died in peace as a Confessor.
At Augsburg, in Rhaetia, Saint Ulrich, Bishop, illustrious for his wondrous virtue of abstinence, generosity, and vigilance, and for the gift of miracles.
At Tours, in Gaul, the Translation of Saint Martin, Bishop and Confessor; and the Dedication of his Basilica on this very day, on which he had also been ordained Bishop some years before.
July 5
At Cremona, in Lombardy, Saint Anthony Mary Zaccaria, Confessor, who was the Founder of the Barnabite Clerks Regular of Saint Paul and of the Angelic Virgins; and, distinguished for all virtues and miracles, was enrolled among the Saints by Pope Leo XIII. His body is venerated at Milan, in the Church of Saint Barnabas.
At Rome, Saint Zoe, Martyr, wife of Blessed Nicostratus the Martyr, who, under the Emperor Diocletian, while she was praying at the shrine of Blessed Peter the Apostle, was seized by persecutors and cast into a very dark prison; then, suspended from a tree by her neck and hair, with horrible smoke applied beneath her, she gave up her spirit in the confession of the Lord.
At Jerusalem, Saint Athanasius, Deacon, who, for defending the holy Council of Chalcedon, was seized by heretics and subjected to every kind of torture, and was at last put to death by the sword.
In Syria, the birthday of Saint Domitius, Martyr, who bestows many benefits upon the inhabitants through his virtues.
In Sicily, the holy Martyrs Agatho and Triphina.
At Tomi, in Scythia, the holy Martyrs Marinus, Theodotus, and Sedopha.
At Cyrene, in Libya, Saint Cyrilla, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, held burning coals with incense placed upon her hand for a long time, lest by shaking off the coals she should appear to have offered incense; then, most cruelly torn apart, adorned with her own blood, she departed to her Spouse.
At Trier, Saint Numerian, Bishop and Confessor.
At San Severino, in Picenum, Saint Philomena, Virgin.
July 6
The Octave of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul.
At Jerusalem, Saint Isaiah the Prophet, who, under King Manasseh, was sawn in two and died, and was buried beneath the oak of Rogel, near the crossing of the waters.
At Fiesole, in Tuscany, Saint Romulus, Bishop and Martyr, who was a disciple of Blessed Peter the Apostle. He, sent by the same Apostle to preach the Gospel, proclaimed Christ in many places in Italy; and at last, returning to Fiesole, was there crowned with martyrdom under the Emperor Domitian, together with other Companions.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Tranquillinus, Martyr, father of Saints Mark and Marcellian, who, converted to Christ by the preaching of Saint Sebastian the Martyr, was baptized by Blessed Polycarp the Priest, and ordained a Priest by Saint Pope Caius. He himself, on the day of the Octave of the Apostles, while praying at the shrine of Blessed Paul, was there, under the Emperor Diocletian, seized by pagans, and, stoned by them, completed his martyrdom.
At London, in England, Saint Thomas More, Chancellor of the realm, who, for the Catholic faith and the primacy of Blessed Peter, was beheaded by order of King Henry VIII.
In Campania, Saint Dominica, Virgin and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Diocletian, after she had broken the idols, was condemned to the beasts, but was in no way harmed by them; finally, beheaded, she departed to the Lord. Her body is preserved with the greatest veneration at Tropea, in Calabria.
On the same day, Saint Lucy, Martyr, who, a Campanian by birth, was seized and severely tortured by the Vicar Rixius Varus, and converted him to Christ; to whom were joined Antoninus, Severinus, Diodorus, Dion, and seventeen others, who were companions in suffering and sharers in the crown.
At Nettuno, in Latium, Saint Maria Goretti, a most pious young girl, most cruelly slain in the defense of her virginity, whom Pope Pius XII solemnly enrolled in the catalogue of holy Martyrs.
In the district of Trier, Saint Goar, Priest and Confessor.
July 7
The holy Bishops and Confessors Cyril and Methodius, brothers, whose birthdays are respectively celebrated on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of March and the eighth day before the Ides of April.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Claudius the Commentariensis, Nicostratus the Primiscrinius, who was the husband of Blessed Zoe the Martyr, Castorius, Victorinus, and Symphorian; all of whom Saint Sebastian led to the faith of Christ, and Blessed Polycarp the Priest baptized. When they were occupied in searching for the bodies of the holy Martyrs, the Judge Fabianus ordered them seized, and, having harassed them for ten days with threats and blandishments without being able to move them in the least, ordered them tortured a third time, and afterwards cast headlong into the sea.
At Dyrrachium, in Macedonia, the holy Martyrs Peregrinus, Lucian, Pompejus, Hesychius, Papius, Saturninus, and Germanus; who, Italians by birth, in the persecution of Trajan, having fled to that city and there seeing Saint Astius the Bishop hanging on a cross for the faith of Christ, openly confessed that they too were Christians; and therefore, by order of the Governor, they were seized and drowned in the sea.
At Brescia, Saint Apollonius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Eichstatt, in Germany, Saint Willibald, the first Bishop of that city, who was the son of Saint Richard, King of the English, and brother of Saint Walburga, Virgin; and, laboring in the Gospel together with Saint Boniface, converted many peoples to Christ.
At Clermont, in Gaul, Saint Illidius, Bishop.
At Urgell, in Tarraconensian Spain, Saint Odo, Bishop.
In England, Saint Hedda, Bishop of the West Saxons.
At Alexandria, the birthday of Saint Pantaenus, a man of apostolic character and adorned with all wisdom, who had such zeal and love for the word of God that, inflamed with the ardor of faith and devotion, he even set out to preach the Gospel of Christ to the nations hidden in the farthest recesses of the East; and at last, returning to Alexandria, he there rested in peace under Antoninus Caracalla.
At Faremoutiers, in the territory of Meaux, Saint Ethelburga, Abbess and Virgin, daughter of the King of the English.
At Perugia, Blessed Benedict XI, Pope, of Treviso, of the Order of Preachers, Confessor; who, in the brief span of his pontificate, wonderfully promoted the peace of the Church, the restoration of discipline, and the growth of religion.
July 8
Saint Elizabeth, Widow, Queen of Portugal, who passed to the heavenly kingdom on the fourth day before the Nones of this month.
In Asia Minor, Saints Aquila and his wife Priscilla, about whom it is written in the Acts of the Apostles.
At Wurzburg, in Germany, Saint Kilian, Bishop, who, sent by the Roman Pontiff to preach the Gospel, when he had led many to Christ there, was murdered together with his Companions, Colman the Priest and Totnan the Deacon.
At Porto Romano, fifty holy soldier Martyrs, who, brought to the faith by the confession of Saint Bonosa and baptized by Blessed Pope Felix I, were killed in the persecution of the Emperor Aurelian.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, Saint Procopius, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Diocletian, was led from Scythopolis to Caesarea, and there, at the first bold declaration of his responses, was beheaded by the Judge Fabianus.
At Constantinople, the passion of the holy Abrahamite Monks, who, for the veneration of the holy Images, resisting the Emperor Theophilus, completed their martyrdom.
At Spilamberto, in Emilia, Saint Adrian III, Pope, distinguished for his zeal in reconciling the Eastern Churches to Rome, and renowned for miracles; whose body was carried to the monastery of Nonantola and honorably entombed in the church of Saint Silvester.
At Trier, Saint Auspicius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Rome, Blessed Eugene III, Pope, who, after having governed the monastery of Saints Vincent and Anastasius at Tre Fontane with great praise for holiness and prudence, was proclaimed Supreme Pontiff and governed the universal Church most holily. Pope Pius IX ratified and confirmed the cult that had been shown to him from time immemorial.
July 9
At Rome, at the Ever-flowing Spring, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Zeno and ten thousand two hundred and three others.
At Gortyna, in Crete, Saint Cyril, Bishop, who, in the persecution of Decius, under the Governor Lucius, was cast into the flames, and, when his bonds were burned away and he escaped the fire unharmed, and had been released by the Judge in amazement at so great a miracle, was again seized by the same judge for his persistent and zealous preaching of the faith of Christ, and was beheaded.
At Brielle, in Holland, the passion of nineteen Martyrs, called the Martyrs of Gorkum; of whose number nine Priests and two Laymen were Friars Minor, four were secular Priests, two were Premonstratensians, one was a Regular Canon of Saint Augustine, and one was a Dominican. All of these, for defending the authority of the Roman Church and the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, suffered various mockeries and torments from Calvinist heretics, and at last, driven onto a beam, completed their agony with a noose tightened about their throats; and were enrolled among the holy Martyrs by Pope Blessed Pius IX.
In the city of Thora, near Lake Velino, likewise the passion of Saints Anatolia and Audax, under the Emperor Decius. Of these, Anatolia, a Virgin of Christ, after she had cured very many people afflicted with various diseases throughout the whole province of Picenum and brought them to believe in Christ, was tormented with various kinds of punishments by order of the Judge Faustinian; and, when she had escaped unharmed from a serpent set upon her and had converted Audax to the faith, at last, praying with arms outstretched, she was pierced through with a sword; Audax too, handed over to custody, was shortly crowned with the sentence of death.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Patermuthius, Copres, and Alexander; who were slain under Julian the Apostate.
At Martula, in Umbria, Saint Brictius, Bishop, who, under the Judge Marcian, suffered many things for his confession of the Lord; and at last, when he had converted a great multitude of people to Christ, rested in peace as a Confessor.
At Citta di Castello, in Umbria, Saint Veronica de Julianis, Virgin, born in the town of Mercatello in the diocese of Urbania, a nun of the Second Order of Saint Francis and Abbess of the monastery of Citta di Castello; whom Pope Gregory XVI enrolled in the college of holy Virgins, on account of her remarkable zeal for suffering, her other virtues, and her heavenly charisms.
July 10
At Rome, the passion of the seven holy Martyr brothers, sons of Saint Felicity the Martyr, namely Januarius, Felix, Philip, Silvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial, in the time of the Emperor Antoninus, under the Prefect of the City, Publius. Of these, Januarius, after scourging with rods and the wasting of prison, was killed with leaden scourges; Felix and Philip were beaten to death with clubs; Silvanus was killed by being thrown from a height; Alexander, Vitalis, and Martial were punished with the sentence of death.
Also at Rome, the holy Virgins and Martyrs Rufina and Secunda, sisters, who, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were subjected to torments; and at last, when one had her head struck with a sword and the other had her neck severed, they departed to heaven. Their bodies are preserved with due honor in the Lateran Basilica, near the Baptistery.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Januarius, Marinus, Nabor, and Felix, who were beheaded by the sword.
At Nicopolis, in Armenia, the holy Martyrs Leontius, Mauritius, Daniel, and Companions; who, under the Emperor Licinius and the Governor Lysias, were variously tortured, and at last, cast into the fire, completed the course of their martyrdom.
In Pisidia, the holy Martyrs Bianor and Silvanus, who, having suffered most cruelly for the name of Christ, were at last crowned when their heads were cut off.
At Iconium, in Lycaonia, Saint Apollonius, Martyr, who completed his notable martyrdom upon the cross.
At Ghent, in Flanders, Saint Amelberga, Virgin.
[The Martyrdom of Saint Canute, King.]
July 11
At Rome, Saint Pius I, Pope and Martyr; who was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
At Bergamo, Saint John, Bishop, who was killed by the Arians for defending the Catholic faith.
At Side, in Pamphylia, Saint Cindeus, Priest, who, under the Emperor Diocletian and the Governor Stratonicus, after many torments, was cast into the fire and in no way harmed, and at last gave up his spirit in prayer.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Abundius, Priest, who, in the Arab persecution, when he inveighed against the sect of Muhammad, was crowned with martyrdom.
At Nicopolis, in Armenia, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Januarius and Pelagia, who, tortured on the rack, with hooks, and with fragments of pottery for four days, completed their martyrdom.
In the territory of Sens, Saint Sidronius, Martyr.
At Iconium, in Lycaonia, Saint Marcian, Martyr, who, under the Governor Perennius, attained the palm through many torments.
At Brescia, the holy Martyrs Savinus and Cyprian.
In the territory of Poitiers, Saint Sabinus, Confessor.
July 12
In the monastery of Passignano, near Florence, Saint John Gualbert, Abbot, who was the Founder of the Order of Vallombrosa.
At Lodi, in Lombardy, the holy Martyrs Nabor and Felix, who, in the persecution of Maximian, after various torments, completed their martyrdom by beheading; and their bodies were brought to Milan by Blessed Savina and there honorably buried.
In Cyprus, Blessed Jason, who was one of the early disciples of Christ.
At Lucca, in Tuscany, Blessed Paulinus, who was ordained by Saint Peter the Apostle as the first Bishop of that city; and, under Nero, at the foot of Mount Pisano, after many contests, completed his martyrdom together with other Companions.
At Aquileia, the birthday of Saint Hermagoras, who was a disciple of Blessed Mark the Evangelist and the first Bishop of that city. He, amid miraculous healings, persistent preaching, and the conversion of peoples, having endured very many kinds of punishments, at last, together with his Deacon Fortunatus, merited to obtain an everlasting triumph through the sentence of death.
On the same day, the passion of Saints Proclus and Hilarion, who, under the Emperor Trajan and the Governor Maximus, attained the palm of martyrdom through the most bitter torments.
At Toledo, in Spain, Saint Marciana, Virgin and Martyr; who, for the faith of Christ, was thrown to the beasts and torn apart by a bull, and was crowned with martyrdom.
At Lentini, in Sicily, Saint Epiphana, who, under the Emperor Diocletian and the Governor Tertyllus, gave up her spirit after her breasts were cut off.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Viventiolus, Bishop.
At Bologna, Saint Paternian, Bishop.
July 13
At Rome, Saint Anacletus, Pope and Martyr, who, governing the Church of God after Saint Clement, adorned it with a glorious martyrdom.
At Bamberg, the birthday of Saint Henry I, Emperor of the Romans and Confessor, who preserved perpetual virginity with his wife Saint Cunegund, and led Saint Stephen, King of the Hungarians, together with nearly his entire kingdom, to embrace the faith of Christ. His feast, however, is celebrated on the Ides of this month.
In Palestine, the holy Prophets Joel and Ezra.
In Macedonia, Blessed Silas, who, being one of the first brethren and sent by the Apostles to the Churches of the Gentiles together with Paul and Barnabas, completed the office of preaching with constancy, full of the grace of God, and, glorifying Christ in his sufferings, afterward rested.
Also Saint Serapion, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Severus and the Governor Aquila, attained the crown of martyrdom through fire.
On the island of Chios, Saint Myropis, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Decius and the Governor Numerian, was beaten with bars and departed to the Lord.
In Africa, the holy Confessors Eugene, Bishop of Carthage, glorious in faith and virtues, and the entire clergy of that Church, who numbered nearly five hundred or more, in the Vandal persecution, under the Arian King Hunneric, worn down by slaughter and starvation (among whom very many were child Lectors), rejoicing in the Lord, were driven far away into cruel exile. Most distinguished among them were the Archdeacon named Salutaris and Muritta, the second in the office of ministers; who, having been made Confessors a third time, were both gloriously honored in Christ with the title of perseverance.
In Brittany, Saint Turiau, Bishop and Confessor, a man of wondrous simplicity and innocence.
July 14
Saint Bonaventure, of the Order of Friars Minor, Cardinal and Bishop of Albano, Confessor and Doctor of the Church; who departed to the Lord on the following day.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Camillus de Lellis, Priest and Confessor, Founder of the Clerks Regular Ministers of the Sick; whom Pope Benedict XIV, on account of his renowned virtues and miracles, enrolled in the number of the Saints, and Leo XIII declared the heavenly Patron of hospitals and the sick. His feast, however, is celebrated on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of August.
Also at Rome, Saint Justus, a soldier, who, under the Tribune Claudius, when the Cross appeared to him by divine power, believed in Christ, and, being soon baptized, distributed all his possessions to the poor; then seized by the Prefect Magnetius, and ordered to be scourged, covered with a red-hot helmet, and cast into a pyre, yet not harmed even in a single hair, he gave up his spirit in the confession of the Lord.
At Sinope, in Pontus, Saint Phocas, Martyr, Bishop of that city, who, under the Emperor Trajan, overcoming prison, chains, the sword, and fire for Christ, flew to heaven. His relics were afterward brought to Vienne, in Gaul, and entombed in the Basilica of the Holy Apostles.
At Alexandria, Saint Heraclas, Bishop, on account of whose most celebrated reputation the historian Africanus records that he hastened to Alexandria to see him.
At Carthage, Saint Cyrus, Bishop, on whose feast day Saint Augustine delivered a sermon about him to the people.
At Como, Saint Felix, who was the first Bishop of that city.
At Brescia, Saint Optatian, Bishop.
At Deventer, in the Netherlands, Saint Marcellinus, Priest and Confessor.
At Lima, in Peru, Saint Francis Solano, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor; who, illustrious for his preaching, miracles, and virtues among the Indians of the West, departed to the Lord, and was inscribed in the register of Saints by Pope Benedict XIII.
July 15
Saint Henry I, Emperor of the Romans and Confessor, whose heavenly birthday is recorded on the third day before the Ides of this month.
At Lyon, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Bonaventure, Cardinal and Bishop of Albano, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, of the Order of Friars Minor, most celebrated for his learning and the holiness of his life. His feast, however, is observed on the day before this one.
At Pavia, Saint Felix, Bishop and Martyr.
At Porto Romano, the heavenly birthday of the holy Martyrs Eutropius, and the sisters Zosima and Bonosa.
At Carthage, blessed Catulinus the Deacon, in whose praise Saint Augustine delivered a sermon to the people, and the holy Martyrs Januarius, Florentius, Julia, and Justa; who were laid to rest in the Basilica of Faustus.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Philip, Zeno, Narseus, and ten children.
On the island of Tenedos, Saint Abudemius, Martyr, who suffered under Diocletian.
At Sebaste, in Armenia, Saint Antiochus the physician, who, under the governor Hadrian, was beheaded; and when milk flowed from him instead of blood, Cyriacus the executioner, converted to Christ, himself also underwent martyrdom.
At Nisibis, in Mesopotamia, the heavenly birthday of Saint James, Bishop of that city, a man of great holiness. He, distinguished for miracles and learning, was one of the Confessors during the persecution of Galerius Maximian, who afterwards at the Council of Nicaea condemned the perversity of Arius by asserting the Homoousios; and through his prayer and that of Saint Alexander the Bishop, Arius himself received at Constantinople the fitting reward of his iniquity, his bowels pouring out.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Athanasius, Bishop of that city, who, having suffered much from his impious nephew Sergius and been driven from his see, at last at Veroli, in the Hernican territory, worn out by his afflictions, departed to heaven in the time of Charles the Bald.
At Campi Salentina, in Apulia, Saint Pompilio Maria Pirrotti, Confessor, of the Order of Poor Clerics of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools, distinguished for his apostolic life, enrolled among the Saints by Pope Pius XI.
At Palermo, the finding of the body of Saint Rosalia, Virgin of Palermo; which, discovered by divine providence under Pope Urban VIII, freed Sicily from the plague in the Jubilee year.
July 16
The feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel.
At Sebaste, in Armenia, the holy Martyrs Athenogenes the Bishop and his ten disciples, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Trier, Saint Valentine, Bishop and Martyr.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Sisenandus, Deacon and Martyr; who was slain by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
On the same day, the heavenly birthday of Saint Faustus, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Decius, was fixed to a cross, lived upon it for five days, and at last, pierced with arrows, departed to heaven.
At Saintes, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Raineldis the Virgin and her companions, who were slain by barbarians for the faith of Christ.
At Bergamo, Saint Domnio, Martyr.
At Antioch, the heavenly birthday of blessed Eustathius, Bishop and Confessor, celebrated for his learning and holiness; who, under the Arian Emperor Constantius, was driven into exile at Trajanopolis in Thrace for his defense of the Catholic faith, and there rested in the Lord.
At Capua, Saint Vitalian, Bishop and Confessor.
At the Abbey of the Most Holy Savior, in the diocese of Coutances, in Gaul, Saint Mary Magdalene Postel, Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of the Christian Schools of Mercy, enrolled in the register of holy Virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Ostia on the Tiber, the Translation of the body of Saint Hilarinus the Monk, who, together with Saint Donatus, was arrested in the persecution of Julian the Apostate, and, when he refused to sacrifice, was at last beaten with clubs and received martyrdom at Arezzo, in Tuscany, on the seventh day before the Ides of August.
July 17
At Rome, Saint Alexius, Confessor, son of the Senator Euphemian. He, on the first night of his wedding, leaving his bride untouched, departed from his home, and, after a long pilgrimage, returning to the City, was received as a pauper in his father's house for seventeen years, deceiving the world by a novel stratagem, and remained unknown; but after his death, recognized both by a voice heard throughout the churches of the City and by his own written account, he was carried with the highest honor to the Church of Saint Boniface under Pope Innocent I, and there shone with many miracles.
At Carthage, the heavenly birthday of the holy Scillitan Martyrs, namely Speratus, Narzalus, Cythinus, Veturius, Felix, Acyllinus, Laetantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestina, Donata, and Secunda; who, by order of the prefect Saturninus, after their first confession of Christ, were cast into prison and fastened in the stocks, then beheaded by the sword. The relics of Speratus, together with the bones of blessed Cyprian and the head of Saint Pantaleon the Martyr, were translated from Africa to Gaul and reverently placed at Lyon in the Basilica of Saint John the Baptist.
At Amastris, in Paphlagonia, Saint Hyacinth, Martyr, who, under the governor Castricius, having suffered much, died in prison.
At Tivoli, Saint Generosus, Martyr.
At Constantinople, Saint Theodota, Martyr, under Leo the Iconoclast.
At Rome, the burial of Pope Saint Leo IV.
At Pavia, Saint Ennodius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Auxerre, Saint Theodosius, Bishop.
At Milan, Saint Marcellina, Virgin, sister of blessed Ambrose the Bishop, who at Rome, in the Basilica of Saint Peter, received the veil of consecration from Pope Liberius; whose holiness the same blessed Ambrose attested in his writings.
At Venice, the Translation of Saint Marina, Virgin.
July 18
Saint Camillus de Lellis, Priest and Confessor, Founder of the Clerks Regular, Ministers of the Sick, heavenly Patron of hospitals and the sick; whose heavenly birthday is observed on the day before the Ides of July.
At Tivoli, Saint Symphorosa, wife of Saint Getulius the Martyr, with her seven sons, namely Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugene. Their mother, under the Emperor Hadrian, for her unconquerable constancy, was first beaten at length with the palms of the hands, then hung by her hair, and finally, tied to a stone, was thrown into the river; her sons, bound to stakes and stretched on pulleys, completed their martyrdom by various kinds of death. Their bodies were afterwards translated to Rome, and under Pope Pius IV were found in the Deaconry of the Holy Angel in Piscina.
At Utrecht, Saint Frederick, Bishop and Martyr.
At Durostorum, in Lower Moesia, Saint Aemilian, Martyr, who, in the time of Julian the Apostate, under the governor Capitolinus, was cast into a furnace and received the palm of martyrdom.
At Carthage, Saint Gundenis, Virgin, who, by order of the proconsul Rufinus, for her confession of Christ, was four times at various intervals stretched and tortured on the rack, cruelly torn with iron claws, long afflicted in the squalor of prison, and finally slain by the sword.
In Galicia, in Spain, Saint Marina, Virgin and Martyr.
At Milan, Saint Maternus, Bishop, who, under the Emperor Maximian, was cast into prison and frequently beaten with blows for the faith of Christ and for the Church entrusted to him; and at last, distinguished by many confessions of faith, fell asleep in the Lord.
At Brescia, the heavenly birthday of Saint Philastrius, who was Bishop of that city. He fought greatly against heretics, especially the Arians, from whom he suffered much, both by word and by writings; and at last, distinguished by miracles, he rested in peace as a Confessor.
At Metz, in Gaul, Saint Arnulf, Bishop, who, illustrious for holiness and miracles, chose the eremitic life and rested with a blessed end.
At Segni, Saint Bruno, Bishop and Confessor.
At Forlimpopoli, in Emilia, Saint Ruffillus, Bishop of that city.
July 19
Saint Vincent de Paul, Priest and Confessor, Founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Mission and of the Daughters of Charity, heavenly Patron of all charitable societies; who fell asleep in the Lord on the fifth day before the Kalends of October.
At Colossae, in Phrygia, the heavenly birthday of Saint Epaphras, whom the holy Apostle Paul calls his fellow prisoner. He, ordained Bishop of Colossae by the same Apostle, there, distinguished for his virtues, received the palm of martyrdom in a manly contest for the flock entrusted to him; his body is preserved at Rome in the Basilica of Saint Mary Major.
At Trier, Saint Martin, Bishop and Martyr.
At Seville, in Spain, the passion of the holy Virgins Justa and Rufina, who, arrested by the governor Diogenian, were first tortured by stretching on the rack and tearing with iron claws, then afflicted with imprisonment, starvation, and various torments; at last Justa breathed her last in prison, while Rufina had her neck broken in her confession of the Lord.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Aurea, Virgin, sister of the blessed Martyrs Adulphus and John; who was once led into the crime of apostasy by a Mohammedan judge, but soon, repenting of the deed, overcame the enemy in a renewed contest by the shedding of her blood.
At Rome, Pope Saint Symmachus, who, long harassed by the faction of schismatics, at last, conspicuous for holiness, departed to the Lord.
At Verona, Saint Felix, Bishop.
At Scetis, the mountain of Egypt, Saint Arsenius, Deacon of the Roman Church; who, in the time of Theodosius, withdrew into the desert, and there, perfected in every virtue and bathed in a continual rain of tears, gave up his spirit to God.
In Cappadocia, Saint Macrina, Virgin, daughter of Saints Basil and Emmelia, and likewise sister of the holy Bishops Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, and Peter of Sebaste.
July 20
Saint Jerome Emiliani, Confessor, Founder of the Somascan Congregation, heavenly Patron of all orphans and abandoned youth; who fell asleep in the Lord on the sixth day before the Ides of February.
At Antioch, the passion of Saint Margaret, Virgin and Martyr.
On Mount Carmel, the holy Prophet Elijah.
In Judea, the heavenly birthday of blessed Joseph, who was surnamed Justus, whom the Apostles put forward together with blessed Matthias to fill the place of the apostolate vacated by Judas the traitor; but when the lot fell upon Matthias, he nevertheless devoted himself to the ministry of preaching and holiness, and, enduring much persecution from the Jews for the faith of Christ, rested with a victorious end. It is also reported of him that he drank poison and, through faith in the Lord, suffered no harm from it.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Paul, Deacon and Martyr; who, because he rebuked the infidel rulers for their Mohammedan impiety and cruelty and most steadfastly preached Christ, was for this reason killed by their command and flew to his heavenly rewards.
At Damascus, the holy Martyrs Sabinus, Julian, Maximus, Macrobius, Cassia, and Paula, with ten others.
In Lusitania, Saint Wilgefortis, Virgin and Martyr; who, fighting for the Christian faith and chastity, merited to obtain a glorious triumph upon the cross.
On the same day, the heavenly birthday of Saints Flavian II, Bishop of Antioch, and Elias, Bishop of Jerusalem; who, both driven into exile by the Emperor Anastasius for supporting the Council of Chalcedon, departed as victors to the Lord.
In the district of Boulogne, in Gaul, Saint Wulmar, Abbot, a man of admirable holiness.
At Trier, Saint Severa, Virgin.
July 21
Saint Lawrence of Brindisi, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, who departed to heaven on the following day.
At Rome, Saint Praxedes, Virgin, who, being trained in all chastity and in the divine law, ceaselessly devoted herself to vigils, prayers, and fasts, and rested in Christ, and was buried next to her sister Pudentiana on the Via Salaria.
At Babylon, the holy Prophet Daniel.
At Comana, in Armenia, Saint Zoticus, Bishop and Martyr; who was crowned under Severus.
At Marseilles, in Gaul, the heavenly birthday of Saint Victor, who, being a soldier and refusing either to serve in the army or to sacrifice to idols, was first cast into prison and there visited by an angel, then subjected to various tortures, and finally, crushed in a grain mill, completed his martyrdom. Three soldiers also suffered with him, namely Alexander, Felician, and Longinus.
At Troyes, in Gaul, the passion of Saints Claudius, Justus, Jucundinus, and five companions, under the Emperor Aurelian.
In the same place, Saint Julia, Virgin and Martyr.
At Strasbourg, Saint Arbogast, Bishop, renowned for miracles.
In Syria, Saint John the Monk, who was a companion of Saint Simeon.
July 22
At Marseilles, in Gaul, the heavenly birthday of Saint Mary Magdalene, from whom the Lord cast out seven demons, and who merited to be the first to see the Savior Himself rising from the dead.
At Lisbon, in Lusitania, likewise the heavenly birthday of Saint Lawrence of Brindisi, Confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, who was distinguished for his preaching of the word of God, heavenly learning, pontifical legations, and deeds happily accomplished for the glory of God and the benefit of the Church; Pope Leo XIII inscribed him in the register of Saints, and the Supreme Pontiff John XXIII declared him a Doctor of the universal Church, and ordered that his feast be celebrated on the day before this one.
At Philippi, in Macedonia, Saint Syntyche, whom the blessed Apostle Paul mentions.
At Ancyra, in Galatia, the heavenly birthday of Saint Plato, Martyr, who, under the vicar Agrippinus, was beaten with blows, torn with iron hooks, and tortured with other most cruel kinds of torments, and at last, his head being cut off, rendered his unconquered soul to God. The Acts of the Second Council of Nicaea testify to his miracles in aiding captives.
In Cyprus, Saint Theophilus the Praetor, who was seized by the Arabs, and, since he could be bent neither by gifts nor by threats to deny Christ, was slain by the sword.
At Antioch, Saint Cyril, Bishop, conspicuous for learning and holiness.
At Menat, in the territory of Clermont, Saint Meneleus, Abbot.
In the monastery of Fontenelle, in Gaul, Saint Wandregisel, Abbot, renowned for miracles; whose body was afterwards brought to the monastery of Blandin, in Flanders.
At Scythopolis, in Palestine, Saint Joseph the Count.
July 23
At Ravenna, the heavenly birthday of Saint Apollinaris, Bishop, who, ordained at Rome by the Apostle Peter and sent to Ravenna, endured diverse and manifold punishments for the faith of Christ; afterwards, preaching the Gospel in Emilia, he recalled very many from the worship of idols; at last, returning to Ravenna, he completed his glorious martyrdom under the Emperor Vespasian.
At Le Mans, in Gaul, Saint Liborius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Rome, the heavenly birthday of Saint Bridget, Widow, who, after many pilgrimages to holy places, inspired by the divine Spirit, rested. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the eighth day before the Ides of October.
In the same place, Saint Rasyphus, Martyr.
Likewise at Rome, the passion of Saint Primitiva, Virgin and Martyr.
Likewise, the holy Martyrs Apollonius and Eugene.
On the same day, the heavenly birthday of the holy Martyrs Trophimus and Theophilus, who, under the Emperor Diocletian, were stoned and burned with fire, and finally, struck with the sword, were crowned with martyrdom.
In Bulgaria, very many holy Martyrs, whom the impious Emperor Nicephorus, devastating the churches of God, caused to be killed by various kinds of death, namely by the sword, the noose, arrows, prolonged imprisonment, and starvation.
At Rome, the holy Virgins Romula, Redempta, and Herundinis, of whom Pope Saint Gregory writes.
July 24
The Vigil of Saint James the Apostle.
At Tyrus, by Lake Bolsena, in Tuscany, Saint Christina, Virgin and Martyr. This Virgin, believing in Christ, smashed her father's golden and silver idols and distributed the fragments to the poor; by her father's command she was torn with blows and most cruelly tortured with other punishments, and was cast into the lake with a great weight of stone, but was freed by an angel; then, under another judge, her father's successor, she steadfastly endured even harsher torments; finally, under the governor Julian, after a burning furnace in which she remained unharmed for five days, and after serpents overcome by the power of Christ, she completed the course of her martyrdom by the cutting out of her tongue and the piercing of arrows.
At Rome, on the Via Tiburtina, Saint Vincent, Martyr.
At Amiternum, in the Vestini territory, the passion of eighty-three holy soldiers.
At Merida, in Spain, Saint Victor, a military man, who, together with his brothers Stercatius and Antinogenes, completed his martyrdom through various punishments in the persecution of Diocletian.
Likewise, the holy Martyrs Meneus and Capito.
In Lycia, the holy Martyrs Niceta and Aquilina, who, converted to Christ by the preaching of blessed Christopher the Martyr, received the palm of martyrdom by the cutting off of their heads.
At Sens, Saint Ursicinus, Bishop and Confessor.
July 25
Saint James the Apostle, who was the brother of blessed John the Evangelist; and, beheaded by Herod Agrippa near the feast of Easter, was the first of the Apostles to receive the crown of martyrdom. His sacred bones, translated on this day from Jerusalem to Spain and laid to rest at their furthest borders in Galicia, are devoutly venerated with the most celebrated devotion of those peoples and the frequent gathering of Christians who go there for the sake of religion and pilgrimage.
In Lycia, Saint Christopher, Martyr, who, under Decius, was worn down with iron rods and preserved from the blaze of a raging fire by the heavenly power of Christ, and at last, pierced with the blows of arrows, completed his martyrdom by the cutting off of his head.
At Barcelona, in Spain, the heavenly birthday of blessed Cucuphas, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Dacian, having overcome very many torments, was at last struck with the sword and departed as victor to heaven.
In Palestine, Saint Paul, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Galerius Maximian, under the governor Firmilian, was condemned to death, and, having obtained a brief time for prayer, first prayed to God with his whole heart for his fellow tribesmen, then for the Jews and Gentiles that they might recognize the truth of the faith, then for the surrounding multitude, and finally for the judge who had condemned him and for the executioner by whom he was to be struck, and received the crown of martyrdom by the cutting off of his head.
At Forcona, in the Vestini territory, the holy Martyrs of Siponto, Florentius and Felix.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Theodemir, Monk and Martyr.
In Palestine, Saint Valentina, Virgin, who, when she had been brought to the altar to sacrifice and had overturned it with kicks, was first most cruelly tortured; then, cast into the fire together with a companion Virgin, she ran to the Bridegroom.
At Trier, Saint Magneric, Bishop and Confessor.
July 26
The Dormition of Saint Anne, who was the mother of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Philippi, in Macedonia, the heavenly birthday of Saint Erastus, who, left there as Bishop by the blessed Apostle Paul, was crowned with martyrdom in that same place.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the holy Martyrs Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exsuperia; who (as is read in the acts of Pope Saint Stephen), were burned with fire and obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Porto Romano, Saint Hyacinth, Martyr, who, first cast into fire, then thrown into a river, escaped unharmed; after this, under the Emperor Trajan, he was struck with the sword by the consular Leontius and ended his life. The matron Julia buried his body on her estate near the City.
At Verona, Saint Valens, Bishop and Confessor.
At Rome, Saint Pastor, Priest, in whose name there is a titular church on the Viminal Hill, near Saint Pudentiana.
In the monastery of Saint Benedict, in the territory of Mantua, Saint Simeon, Monk and Hermit, who, renowned for many miracles, rested in a good old age.
At Lovere, in the diocese of Brescia, Saint Bartholomea Capitanio, Virgin, Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of Charity, distinguished for the education of girls, whom Pope Pius XII inscribed in the register of holy Virgins.
July 27
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saint Pantaleon the physician, who, for the faith of Christ, was seized by the Emperor Maximian, and afflicted with the punishment of the rack and the burning of torches, but amid these, refreshed by the Lord appearing to him, at last completed his martyrdom by a stroke of the sword.
At Vigilie, in Apulia, the holy Martyrs Maurus the Bishop, Pantalemon, and Sergius; who suffered under Trajan.
At Nicomedia, Saint Hermolaus, Priest, by whose teaching blessed Pantaleon was converted to the faith; and likewise the holy brothers Hermippus and Hermocrates, who, after many punishments inflicted upon them, were punished with a capital sentence by the Emperor Maximian for their confession of Christ.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Martyrs George the Deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa, in the Arab persecution.
At Nola, in Campania, the holy Martyrs Felix, Julia, and Jucunda.
Among the Homerites, in Arabia, the commemoration of the holy Martyrs who, under the tyrant Dunaan, were delivered to the flames for the faith of Christ.
At Ephesus, the heavenly birthday of the Seven Sleepers, namely Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Dionysius, John, Serapion, and Constantine.
At Rome, Pope Saint Celestine I, who condemned Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople, and drove out Pelagius; by whose authority also the holy universal Council of Ephesus was celebrated against the same Nestorius.
At Auxerre, the burial of blessed Aetherius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Constantinople, blessed Anthusa, Virgin, who, under Constantine Copronymus, for the veneration of the holy Images, was beaten with blows and banished into exile, and rested in the Lord.
July 28
At Milan, the heavenly birthday of the holy Martyrs Nazarius and the boy Celsus, whom Anolinus, during the fury of the persecution stirred up by Nero, after long wasting and afflicting them in prison, ordered to be struck with the sword.
At Rome, the passion of Saint Victor I, Pope and Martyr. Likewise at Rome, Saint Innocent I, Pope and Confessor, who departed to the Lord on the fourth day before the Ides of March.
In the Thebaid, in Egypt, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs who suffered in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, when the cunning enemy, seeking slow tortures unto death, desired to slay souls rather than bodies, since the Christians longed to be struck with the sword for the name of Christ. Of their number, one, after overcoming the rack, the plates, and the frying pans, was smeared with honey, his hands bound behind his back, and exposed under the blazing sun to the stings of hornets and flies; another, softly bound among flowers, when a most shameless harlot came to him to arouse him to lust, bit off his own tongue and spat it into the face of the woman caressing him.
At Ancyra, in Galatia, Saint Eustathius, Martyr, who, tortured with various kinds of torments and plunged into a river but rescued thence by an angel, was at last called to eternal rewards as a dove came from heaven.
At Miletus, in Caria, Saint Acatius, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Licinius, after various punishments, was cast into a furnace and preserved unharmed by the help of God, and completed his martyrdom by the cutting off of his head.
In Brittany, Saint Sampson, Bishop and Confessor.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Peregrine, Priest, whose blessedness is attested by the glory of his miracles.
July 29
At Tarascon, in Narbonese Gaul, Saint Martha, Virgin, hostess of our Savior and sister of blessed Mary Magdalene and Lazarus.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, Saint Felix II, Pope and Martyr; who, cast from his see by the Arian Emperor Constantius for his defense of the Catholic faith, and secretly slain by the sword at Ceri, in Tuscany, died gloriously. His body, seized thence by the clergy, was buried on the same road; but afterwards, brought to the Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, it was found there under the altar under Pope Gregory XIII, together with the relics of the holy Martyrs Marcus, Marcellian, and Tranquillinus, and was reinterred in the same place on the day before the Kalends of August along with them. In the same altar were also found the bodies of the holy Martyrs Abundius the Priest and Abundantius the Deacon; which, not long after, were solemnly translated to the Church of the Society of Jesus on the eve of their feast day.
Likewise at Rome, on the Via Portuensis, the holy Martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, in the times of the Emperor Diocletian. The first two of these, after many and various tortures, were ordered to undergo a capital sentence; but Beatrice, their sister, was suffocated in prison in her confession of Christ.
At Rome moreover, the holy Martyrs Lucilla and Flora, Virgins, Eugene, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen companions; who underwent martyrdom under the Emperor Gallienus.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Seraphia, Virgin, who, under the Emperor Hadrian, though handed over to two lustful youths, could by no means be violated, nor afterwards could she be consumed by burning torches; by the order of the judge Berillus she was beaten with clubs and then beheaded with the sword. Her body was buried by blessed Sabina in her own tomb, near the area of Vindicianus; but the memory of her martyrdom is more solemnly observed on the third day before the Nones of September, the day on which the sarcophagus of both women was placed and adorned there, and the place of prayer fittingly dedicated.
At Gangra, in Paphlagonia, Saint Callinicus, Martyr, who, beaten with iron rods and afflicted with other tortures, was at last cast into a furnace and rendered his spirit to God.
In Norway, Saint Olaf, King and Martyr.
At Troyes, in Gaul, Saint Lupus, Bishop and Confessor, who, together with the blessed Germanus, went to Britain to combat the Pelagian heresy, and defended the city of Troyes from the fury of Attila, who was devastating all of Gaul, by constant prayer. At last, having venerably discharged the priesthood for fifty-two years, he rested in peace.
In the city of Saint-Brieuc, in Gaul, Saint William, Bishop and Confessor.
Likewise the burial of the blessed Prosper, Bishop of Orleans.
At Todi, in Umbria, Saint Faustinus, Confessor.
In the city of Mamiano, Saint Seraphina.
At Rome, Blessed Pope Urban II, who, following in the footsteps of Saint Gregory VII, distinguished himself by his zeal for doctrine and religion, and stirred up the faithful signed with the Cross to redeem the sacred places of Palestine from the dominion of the infidels. His veneration, which had been shown to him from time immemorial, Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed.
July 30
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Abdon and Sennen, Persians, who, under Decius, were bound with chains and brought to Rome, and for the faith of Christ were first beaten with leaden whips, then slain by the sword.
At Assisi, in Umbria, Saint Rufinus, Martyr.
At Thuburbo Lucernae, in Africa, the passion of the holy Virgins Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda. The first two, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were made to drink vinegar and gall, then beaten with most severe blows and tortured on the rack, also burned on gridirons and rubbed with lime. Afterwards, together with Secunda, a virgin of twelve years, they were cast to the wild beasts, but remained untouched by them, and at last were slaughtered by the sword.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Saint Julitta, Martyr, who, when she sought to recover in court her goods that had been seized by a certain powerful man, and he raised the objection that as a Christian she ought not to be heard, was immediately ordered by the judge to offer incense to idols in order to be given a hearing. Steadfastly refusing this, she was cast into the fire, and thus yielded her spirit to God; but her body remained unharmed by the flame. Saint Basil the Great celebrated her renowned praises in an excellent encomium.
At Auxerre, Saint Ursus, Bishop and Confessor.
July 31
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Ignatius, Priest and Confessor, who was the Founder of the Society of Jesus, and was a man illustrious for holiness and miracles, and most zealous in spreading the Catholic religion everywhere. Pope Pius XI appointed him the heavenly Patron of all Spiritual Exercises.
At Milan, Saint Calimerius, Bishop and Martyr, who, in the persecution of Antoninus, was seized, pierced with wounds, stabbed through the neck with a sword, and cast headlong into a well, thus completing the course of his martyrdom.
At Caesarea, in Mauretania, the passion of Blessed Fabius, Martyr, who, when he refused to carry the governor's standards, was first thrust into prison and detained there for some days. Then, when he remained immovable in his confession of Christ after being questioned again and again, he was condemned to death by the judge.
At Synnada, in Phrygia Pacatiana, the holy Martyrs Democritus, Secundus, and Dionysius.
In Syria, the three hundred and fifty holy monk Martyrs, who were slain by heretics for defending the Council of Chalcedon.
At Ravenna, the passing of Saint Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre, most illustrious for his lineage, faith, learning, and the glory of his miracles, who completely freed Britain from the Pelagian heresies.
At Tagaste, in Africa, Saint Firmus, Bishop, distinguished by the glory of his confession.
At Siena, in Tuscany, the birthday of Blessed John Colombini, who was the founder of the Order of the Jesuati, and was renowned for holiness and miracles.
August
August 1
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of Saint Peter the Apostle in Chains.
At Antioch, the passion of the seven holy Maccabee brothers, Martyrs, who suffered with their mother under King Antiochus Epiphanes. Their relics, translated to Rome, were deposited in the same church of Saint Peter in Chains.
At Vercelli, the birthday of Saint Eusebius, Bishop and Martyr, who, for his confession of the Catholic faith, was banished by the Emperor Constantius to Scythopolis in Palestine, and thence to Cappadocia. Later, having returned to his Church, he suffered martyrdom at the hands of persecuting Arians. His memory is also solemnly observed on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of January, the day on which he was ordained Bishop; and his feast is celebrated on the seventeenth day before the Kalends of January.
At Nocera dei Pagani, in Campania, likewise the birthday of Saint Alphonsus Mary de Liguori, Founder of the Congregation called of the Most Holy Redeemer, Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti and Confessor, distinguished for his zeal for souls, his writings, his preaching, and his example. Pope Gregory XVI enrolled him among the Saints, Pius IX declared him a Doctor of the universal Church, and Pius XII appointed him the heavenly Patron before God of all Confessors and Moral Theologians. His feast, however, is celebrated the following day.
At Rome, on the Via Latina, the holy Martyrs Bonus the Priest, Faustus, and Maurus, with nine others, who are described in the Acts of Saint Stephen the Pope.
Also at Rome, the passion of the holy Virgins Faith, Hope, and Charity, daughters of their holy mother Sophia, who attained the crown of martyrdom under the Emperor Hadrian.
At Philadelphia, in Arabia, the holy Martyrs Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, all crowned on a single day.
At Perga, in Pamphylia, the holy Martyrs Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six other farmers, who were beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Flavian.
At Gerona, in Spain, the birthday of Saint Felix, Martyr, who, after various kinds of torments, was ordered by Dacian to be torn apart until he should surrender his unconquered spirit to Christ.
In the territory of Paris, Saint Justin, Martyr.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Verus, Bishop.
At Winchester, in England, Saint Ethelwold, Bishop.
In the district of Lieuvin, in Gaul, Saint Nemesius, Confessor.
August 2
Saint Alphonsus Mary de Liguori, Founder of the Congregation called of the Most Holy Redeemer, Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, who rested in the Lord on the day before this.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Callixtus, the birthday of Saint Stephen I, Pope and Martyr, who, in the persecution of Valerian, while he was celebrating the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, and when the soldiers burst in, fearlessly and unmoved completed the sacred mysteries before the altar, was beheaded in his chair.
At Nicaea, in Bithynia, the passion of Saint Theodota, with her three sons. Of these, the firstborn, named Evodius, when he boldly confessed Christ, was first ordered by Nicetius, the governor of Bithynia, to be beaten with clubs; then the mother, together with all her sons, was consumed by fire.
In Africa, Saint Rutilius, Martyr, who, though he had often evaded persecution by fleeing from place to place and had sometimes even bought off the danger with money, was at length unexpectedly seized and, brought before the governor, was tortured with many torments. Finally, handed over to the flames, he was crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Padua, Saint Maximus, Bishop of that city, who, illustrious for miracles, rested in a blessed end.
August 3
At Jerusalem, the Finding of the most blessed Stephen the Protomartyr, and of Saints Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, as was divinely revealed to the priest Lucian in the time of the Emperor Honorius.
At Philippi, in Macedonia, Saint Lydia, seller of purple, who, when Saint Paul the Apostle was preaching there, as the blessed Luke relates in the Acts of the Apostles, was the first of all to believe the Gospel.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Asprenus, Bishop, who was healed of his infirmity and then baptized by Saint Peter the Apostle, and was ordained Bishop of that city.
At Constantinople, the birthday of Saint Hermellus, Martyr.
Among the Indians, bordering on the Persians, the passion of holy monks and other faithful, whom King Abenner, persecuting the Church of God, afflicted with various punishments and ordered to be slain.
At Autun, the burial of Saint Euphronius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Anagni, Saint Peter, Bishop, who, distinguished first by monastic observance and then by pastoral vigilance, rested in the Lord.
At Beroea, in Syria, the holy women Marana and Cyra.
August 4
Saint Dominic, Confessor, who was the Founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, and rested in peace on the eighth day before the Ides of this month.
In the village of Ars, in the diocese of Belley, in Gaul, the birthday of Saint John Baptist Mary Vianney, Priest and Confessor, distinguished in the discharge of the parochial office. Pope Pius XI enrolled him among the Saints, appointed his feast to be kept on the fifth day before the Ides of this month, and established him as the heavenly Patron of all parish priests.
At Thessalonica, likewise the birthday of Blessed Aristarchus, who was the disciple and inseparable companion of Saint Paul the Apostle, of whom Paul himself writes to the Colossians: "Aristarchus, my fellow prisoner, salutes you." He was ordained Bishop of the Thessalonians by the same Apostle, and at last, after long struggles, was crowned by Christ under Nero, and rested in peace.
At Rome, Saint Perpetua, who, having been baptized by the blessed Apostle Peter, led her son Nazarius and her husband Africanus to the faith of Christ, and buried the bodies of many holy Martyrs. At last, laden with the merits of good works, she departed to the Lord.
Also at Rome, on the Via Latina, the passion of Blessed Tertullinus, Priest and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Valerian, after a cruel beating with clubs, burning of his sides with fire, smashing of his mouth, stretching on the rack and cutting of his sinews, was sentenced and completed his martyrdom by beheading.
At Constantinople, Saint Eleutherius, Martyr, a man of senatorial rank, who for Christ, in the persecution of Maximian, was struck down by the sword.
In Persia, the holy Martyrs Ia and her Companions, who, together with nine thousand Christian captives, under King Shapur, were afflicted with various punishments and underwent martyrdom.
At Verona, Saint Agabius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Tours, in Gaul, Saint Euphronius, Bishop.
At Cologne, the commemoration of Saint Protasius, Martyr, who suffered at Milan together with his brother Gervasius on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of July.
August 5
At Rome, on the Esquiline, the Dedication of the Basilica of Saint Mary of the Snows.
At Chalons, in Gaul, Saint Memmius, a Roman citizen, who, having been consecrated Bishop of that city by Saint Peter the Apostle, led the people entrusted to him to the truth of the Gospel.
At Rome, the passion of twenty-three holy Martyrs, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, were beheaded on the old Via Salaria and buried there at the Hill of the Cucumber.
At Ascoli, in Picenum, Saint Emygdius, Bishop and Martyr, who, having been ordained Bishop by Saint Pope Marcellus and sent there to preach the Gospel, received the crown of martyrdom in that place for his confession of Christ under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Antioch, Saint Eusignius, a soldier, who, being one hundred and ten years old, reproached Julian the Apostate for abandoning the faith of Constantine the Great, under whom he had served, and rebuked him as a deserter of his ancestral piety, and was ordered by him to be beheaded.
Likewise the holy Egyptian Martyrs Cantidius, Cantidian, and Sobel.
At Augsburg, the birthday of Saint Afra, Martyr, who, though she had been a pagan, was converted to Christ through the teaching of Saint Narcissus the Bishop, and was baptized by the same Bishop together with all the members of her household. Later, handed over to the flames for her confession of Christ, she happily completed her martyrdom seven days before her blessed mother Hilaria and three handmaids were crowned with the same kind of suffering.
At Autun, Blessed Cassian, Bishop.
At Teano, in Campania, Saint Paris, Bishop.
In England, Saint Oswald, King, whose deeds Saint Bede the Venerable commemorates.
On the same day, Saint Nonna, who was the mother of the blessed Gregory Nazianzen, Caesarius, and Gorgonia.
August 6
On Mount Tabor, the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, in the cemetery of Callixtus, the birthday of Blessed Sixtus II, Pope and Martyr, who, in the persecution of Valerian, was put to death by the sword and received the crown of martyrdom.
Also at Rome, the holy Martyrs Felicissimus and Agapitus, deacons of the same Blessed Sixtus; and Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, subdeacons. All of these were likewise beheaded together with the same Pontiff and buried in the cemetery of Praetextatus. Blessed Quartus also suffered with them, as Saint Cyprian writes.
At Bologna, the birthday of Saint Dominic, Confessor, who was the Founder of the Order of Friars Preachers. This man, most illustrious for holiness and learning, preserved his virginity perpetually unstained, and by a singular grace of merits raised three dead persons to life. Having suppressed heresies by his preaching and established very many in a religious and devout life, he rested in peace. His feast is celebrated on the day before the Nones of this month, by the decree of Pope Paul IV.
In the monastery of Saint Peter of Cardena, of the Order of Saint Benedict, near Burgos, in Spain, the passion of two hundred monks together with Abbot Stephen, who were slain by the Saracens for the faith of Jesus Christ, and were buried there in the cloister by Christians.
At Alcala, in Spain, the holy brother Martyrs Justus and Pastor, who, while they were still boys being taught their letters, ran of their own accord to martyrdom, throwing down their tablets in school. Immediately, having been ordered by the governor Dacian to be seized and beaten with clubs, both, as they strengthened each other with mutual exhortations most steadfastly, were led outside the city and there slaughtered by the executioner.
At Rome, Saint Hormisdas, Pope and Confessor.
At Amida, in Mesopotamia, Saint James the Hermit, renowned for miracles.
August 7
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Cajetan of Thiene, Confessor, Founder of the Clerks Regular, who, with singular trust in God, handed down to his followers the ancient Apostolic manner of life to be cultivated, and, illustrious for miracles, was enrolled among the Saints by Pope Clement X.
At Arezzo, in Tuscany, the birthday of Saint Donatus, Bishop and Martyr, who, among other works of virtue (as the blessed Pope Gregory writes), restored by prayer a sacred chalice that had been broken by pagans. He was seized in the persecution of Julian the Apostate by the governor Quadratian, and, when he refused to sacrifice to idols, was struck with the sword and completed his martyrdom. Blessed Hilarinus the Monk also suffered with him; his memory is recalled on the seventeenth day before the Kalends of August, the day on which his sacred body was translated to Ostia on the Tiber.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Peter and Julian, with eighteen others.
At Milan, Saint Faustus, a soldier, who, under Aurelius Commodus, after many struggles, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Como, the passion of the holy Martyrs Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, who were beheaded for their confession of Christ.
At Nisibis, in Mesopotamia, Saint Dometius, a Persian monk, who was stoned to death with his two disciples under Julian the Apostate.
At Rouen, Saint Victricius, Bishop, who, while still a soldier under the same Julian, cast off his military belt for Christ, was afflicted with many torments by the tribune, and was condemned to death. But when the executioner who had been sent to kill him was struck with blindness, he himself, his chains being loosed, escaped free. Later, having been made Bishop, he led the unconquered peoples of the Morini and Nervii to the faith of Christ by the preaching of the divine word, and at last rested in peace as a Confessor.
At Chalons, in Gaul, Saint Donatian, Bishop.
At Messina, in Sicily, Saint Albert, Confessor, of the Carmelite Order, renowned for miracles.
August 8
The holy Martyrs Cyriacus the Deacon, Largus, and Smaragdus, who suffered with twenty other companions on the seventeenth day before the Kalends of April. Their bodies, which had been buried on the Via Salaria by the priest John, were transferred on this day by Saint Pope Marcellus to the estate of Lucina on the Via Ostiensis. They were later brought into the City and deposited in the Deaconry of Saint Mary in Via Lata.
At Anazarbus, in Cilicia, Saint Marinus, an old man, who, under the Emperor Diocletian and the governor Lysias, was scourged with whips, hung upon a beam and torn, and finally thrown to wild beasts and perished.
Likewise the holy Martyrs Eleutherius and Leonidas, who completed their martyrdom through fire.
In Persia, Saint Hormisdas, Martyr, under King Shapur.
At Cyzicus, in the Hellespont, Saint Aemilian, Bishop, who suffered much from the Emperor Leo for the veneration of sacred images, and at last ended his life in exile.
In Crete, Saint Myron, Bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Severus, Priest and Confessor, who undertook a laborious pilgrimage from India for the sake of preaching the Gospel, and, when he arrived at the aforesaid city, converted an immense multitude of pagans to the faith of Christ by his word and miracles.
August 9
The Vigil of Saint Lawrence the Martyr. Saint John Baptist Mary Vianney, Priest and Confessor, heavenly Patron of all parish priests, whose birthday is recorded on the day before the Nones of this month.
At Rome, Saint Romanus, soldier and Martyr, who, moved to compunction by the confession of Blessed Lawrence, asked to be baptized by him, and was soon brought forth, beaten with clubs, and at last beheaded.
In Tuscany, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Secundian, Marcellian, and Verian, who, in the time of Decius, were first beaten by the governor Promotus, then hung upon the rack and scraped with iron claws, and roasted with fire applied to their sides, and at last merited the triumphal palm of martyrdom by being beheaded.
At Verona, the holy Martyrs Firmus and Rusticus, who, in the time of the Emperor Maximian, under the judge Anolinus, when they refused to sacrifice to idols and persisted steadfastly in the faith of Christ, were both ordered, after enduring other torments, to be beaten with clubs and beheaded.
In Africa, the commemoration of very many holy Martyrs, who, in the persecution of Valerian, being exhorted to steadfastness by Saint Numidicus, were cast into the fire and obtained the palm of martyrdom. Numidicus himself, although he had been thrown onto the pyre with the others and buried under stones, was nonetheless dug out by his daughter and found half alive, and was nursed back to health. Afterwards, on account of his virtue, he was deemed worthy by the blessed Cyprian to be enrolled as a priest of the Church of Carthage.
At Constantinople, the holy Martyrs Julian, Marcian, and eight others, who, on account of an image of the Savior which they had set up at the Bronze Gate, were all, by order of the impious Emperor Leo, after many torments, slain by the sword.
At Chalons, in Gaul, Saint Domitian, Bishop and Confessor.
August 10
At Rome, on the Via Tiburtina, the birthday of Blessed Lawrence, Archdeacon, who, in the persecution of Valerian, after very many torments of imprisonment, various scourges, clubs, leaden-tipped whips, and burning plates, was at last roasted on an iron gridiron and completed his martyrdom. His body was buried by the blessed Hippolytus and the priest Justin in the cemetery of Cyriaca, in the Verano field.
In Spain, the Apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary called of Mercy, who was the Foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives under her name. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the eighth day before the Kalends of October.
At Rome, the passion of one hundred and sixty-five soldier Martyrs, under the Emperor Aurelian.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy Martyrs, who, in the persecution of Valerian, under the governor Aemilian, having been tortured at length with various and exquisite torments, obtained the crown of martyrdom by different kinds of death.
At Bergamo, Saint Asteria, Virgin and Martyr, in the persecution of the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian.
At Carthage, the holy Virgins and Martyrs Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica.
At Rome, Saint Deusdedit, Confessor, who gave to the poor on Saturday whatever he earned by working with his own hands during the week.
August 11
At Rome, between the Two Laurels, the birthday of Saint Tiburtius, Martyr, who, under the judge Fabian, in the persecution of Diocletian, when he confessed Christ with even greater steadfastness after walking barefoot over burning coals, was ordered to be led to the third milestone from the City and there put to death by the sword.
Also at Rome, Saint Susanna, Virgin, who, being born of a noble lineage and a niece of the blessed Pope Caius, merited the palm of martyrdom in the time of Diocletian by beheading.
At Assisi, in Umbria, the birthday of Saint Clare, Virgin, the first plant of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, whom Pope Alexander IV, on account of her renowned life and miracles, enrolled among the holy Virgins. Her feast, however, is celebrated the following day.
At Comana, in Pontus, Saint Alexander, Bishop, surnamed the Charcoal-Burner, who, from being a most eloquent philosopher, attained an eminent knowledge of Christian humility, and, having been raised to the throne of that Church by Saint Gregory Thaumaturgus, was illustrious not only for his preaching but also for completing his martyrdom through fire.
On the same day, the passion of Saint Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and his companions, under the Emperor Maximinus.
At Evreux, in Gaul, Saint Taurinus, Bishop, who, having been ordained Bishop of that city by the blessed Pope Clement, propagated the Christian faith by the preaching of the Gospel, and, after undertaking many labors for it, fell asleep in the Lord, conspicuous for the glory of his miracles.
At Cambrai, in Gaul, Saint Gaugericus, Bishop and Confessor.
In the province of Valeria, Saint Equitius, Abbot, whose holiness is attested by the testimony of the blessed Pope Gregory.
At Todi, in Umbria, Saint Digna, Virgin.
August 12
Saint Clare, Virgin, the first plant of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor, who was called to the eternal nuptials of the Lamb on the day before this.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Porcarius, Abbot of the monastery of Lerins, and his five hundred monk companions, who were slain by barbarians for the Catholic faith and crowned with martyrdom.
At Catania, in Sicily, the birthday of Saint Euplius, Deacon, under the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, who, having been tortured for a very long time for his confession of the Lord, at last received the palm of martyrdom by the stroke of the sword.
At Augsburg, Saint Hilaria, who, being the mother of the blessed Martyr Afra and keeping vigil at her tomb, was there handed over to the fire by the persecutors for the faith of Christ, together with her handmaids Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia. On the same day, in the aforesaid city, Quiriacus, Largus, Crescentian, Nimmia, and Juliana also suffered, together with twenty others.
In Syria, the holy Martyrs Macarius and Julian.
At Nicomedia, the holy Martyrs Anicetus the Count, and his brother Photinus, with many others, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Falerii, in Tuscany, the passion of Saints Gracilian and Felicissima the Virgin, whose mouths were first crushed with stones for their confession of the faith; then both, struck with the sword, received the longed-for palm of martyrdom.
At Milan, the burial of Saint Eusebius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Brescia, Saint Herculanus, Bishop.
August 13
At Rome, Blessed Hippolytus, Martyr, who, for the glory of his confession, under the Emperor Valerian, after other torments, had his feet tied to the necks of untamed horses and was cruelly dragged through a thicket of thorns and thistles, and, his whole body being torn apart, gave up his spirit. On the same day, Blessed Concordia, his nurse, also suffered, who, beaten with leaden-tipped whips, departed to the Lord before him; and nineteen others of his household, who were beheaded outside the Tiburtine Gate and buried together with him in the Verano field.
At Forum Syllae, the birthday of Saint Cassian, Martyr, who, when he refused to worship idols, the boys whom he had made hateful to himself by teaching were summoned by the persecutor, and they were given the power to kill him. The weaker their hands were, the more grievous the suffering of his martyrdom, since death was prolonged.
At Todi, in Umbria, Saint Cassian, Bishop and Martyr, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Burgos, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Centolla and Helena.
At Constantinople, Saint Maximus, Abbot, distinguished for his learning and zeal for Catholic truth, who, when he strenuously fought against the Monothelites, had his hands and tongue cut off by the heretical Emperor Constans, and was banished to the Chersonese, where, illustrious for the glory of his confession, he yielded his spirit to God. At that time also two men named Anastasius, who were his disciples, and many others experienced various torments and harsh exiles.
At Fritzlar, in Germany, Saint Wigbert, Priest and Confessor.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint John Berchmans, a scholastic of the Society of Jesus and Confessor, renowned for the innocence of his life and the observance of religious discipline. Pope Leo XIII decreed him the honors of the heavenly Saints.
At Poitiers, in Gaul, Saint Radegund, Queen, whose life was illustrious for miracles and virtues.
August 14
The Vigil of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the birthday of Blessed Eusebius, Priest and Confessor, who was confined by the Arian Emperor Constantius in a room of his own house for the defense of the Catholic faith. There, having persevered constantly in prayer for seven months, he fell asleep in the Lord. His body was collected by the priests Gregory and Orosius and buried in the cemetery of Callixtus on the Appian Way.
At Apamea, in Syria, Saint Marcellus, Bishop and Martyr, who, when he had demolished a temple of Jupiter, was killed by enraged pagans.
At Todi, in Umbria, Saint Callistus, Bishop and Martyr.
In Illyricum, Saint Ursicius, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Maximian and the governor Aristides, after many and various torments, was struck down by the sword for the name of Christ.
In Africa, Saint Demetrius, Martyr.
On the island of Aegina, Saint Athanasia, Widow, renowned for her monastic observance and the gift of miracles.
August 15
The Assumption of the most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God.
At Cracow, in Poland, the birthday of Saint Hyacinth, of the Order of Preachers, Confessor, whom Pope Clement VIII enrolled in the number of the Saints. His feast, however, is celebrated on the seventeenth of August.
At Szekesfehervar, in Pannonia, likewise the birthday of Saint Stephen, King of the Hungarians and Confessor, who, adorned with divine virtues, was the first to convert the Hungarians to the faith of Christ, and was received into heaven by the Virgin Mother of God on the very day of her Assumption. His feast is chiefly observed on September 2, the day on which the most strongly fortified citadel of Buda was valiantly recovered by the Christian army through the aid of the holy King, by the disposition of Pope Innocent XI.
At Rome, on the Appian Way, Saint Tarsicius, Acolyte, whom the pagans, finding him carrying the Sacrament of the Body of Christ, began to question about what he was carrying. But he, judging it unworthy to cast pearls before swine, was beaten by them with clubs and stones until he breathed his last; and when they turned over his body, the sacrilegious searchers found nothing of the Sacraments of Christ in the hands or clothing of the slain man. The Christians, however, gathered up the body of the Martyr and buried it with honor in the cemetery of Callistus.
At Tagaste, in Africa, Saint Alypius, Bishop, who was once a disciple of the blessed Augustine, then his companion in conversion, his colleague in the pastoral office, his valiant fellow soldier in the struggles against heretics, and finally his companion in heavenly glory.
At Soissons, in Gaul, Saint Arnulph, Bishop and Confessor.
At Rome, Saint Stanislaus Kostka, a Pole, a novice of the Society of Jesus and Confessor, who, being perfected in a short time, fulfilled a long span through the angelic innocence of his life, and was enrolled in the register of the Saints by Pope Benedict XIII.
August 16
Saint Joachim, father of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Confessor, whose birthday is recorded on March 20.
At Rome, Saint Titus, Deacon, who, when the City was occupied by the Goths, while distributing money to the poor, was ordered to be killed by a barbarian Tribune.
At Nicaea, in Bithynia, Saint Diomedes, a physician, who, in the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian, was struck down by the sword for the faith of Christ and completed his martyrdom.
In Palestine, thirty-three holy Martyrs.
At Ferentino, in the Hernician territory, Saint Ambrose, a Centurion, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was tortured in various ways, and at last, after passing through fire unharmed, was plunged into water, and was brought forth to refreshment.
At Milan, the burial of Saint Simplicianus, Bishop, celebrated by the testimony of Saints Ambrose and Augustine.
At Auxerre, Saint Eleutherius, Bishop.
At Nicomedia, Saint Arsacius, Confessor, who, under the persecutor Licinius, having left the military, led a solitary life and was so distinguished by his virtues that he is recorded to have expelled demons and to have slain a huge dragon by prayer. Finally, foretelling the future destruction of the city, he gave up his spirit to God in prayer.
At Montpellier, in Narbonese Gaul, the burial of Blessed Roch, Confessor, who freed many cities of Italy from the plague by the sign of the Cross. His body was later translated to Venice and was most honorably enshrined in a church consecrated in his name.
At Rome, Saint Serena, formerly the wife of the Emperor Diocletian.
August 17
The Octave of Saint Lawrence, Martyr.
Saint Hyacinth, of the Order of Preachers, Confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on August 15.
At Carthage, the holy Martyrs Liberatus, Abbot, Boniface, Deacon, Servus and Rusticus, Subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus, Monks, and Maximus, a boy; who, in the Vandal persecution under King Huneric, for the confession of the Catholic faith and the defense of the one Baptism, were harassed with various and unheard-of torments. At last they were nailed to the wood on which they were to be burned, and when the fire was repeatedly kindled but always divinely extinguished, by the King's command they were struck with oar handles, and, their skulls being crushed, they were slain, completing the glorious course of their struggle as the Lord crowned them.
In Achaea, Saint Myron, Priest and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Decius and the Governor Antipater, at Cyzicus, after many torments, was beheaded.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the birthday of Saint Mamas, Martyr, who, the son of the holy Martyrs Theodotus and Rufina, endured a long martyrdom from boyhood to old age, and at last, under the Emperor Aurelian and the Governor Alexander, happily completed it. The holy Fathers Basil and Gregory of Nazianzus celebrated him with the highest praises.
At Nicomedia, the holy Martyrs Strato, Philip, and Eutychian, who, condemned to the wild beasts and not harmed at all, completed their martyrdom through fire.
At Ptolemais, in Palestine, the passion of the holy Martyrs Paul and his sister Juliana, a Virgin; who both, under the Emperor Aurelian, remaining immovable in the confession of Christ, were ordered to be afflicted with various and most cruel torments and finally to be beheaded.
At Rome, Saint Eusebius, Pope.
At Terni, Saint Anastasius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Montefalco, in Umbria, Saint Clare, a Nun of the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine, Virgin, in whose heart the faithful venerate with the greatest devotion the renewed mysteries of the Lord's Passion. Pope Leo XIII enrolled her in the register of holy Virgins.
August 18
At Palestrina, the birthday of Saint Agapitus, Martyr, who, being fifteen years old and burning with love for Christ, was seized by order of the Emperor Aurelian, and first was beaten for a very long time with raw sinews; then, under the Prefect Antiochus, he suffered still graver torments. Thereafter, when by the Emperor's command he was thrown to the lions and was not harmed at all, he was struck by the sword of the executioners to receive his crown.
At Rome, the Blessed John and Crispus, Priests, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, most devotedly buried many bodies of the Saints, and, being afterward united to them through their merits, gained for themselves the joys of eternal life.
Likewise at Rome, the holy Martyrs Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus, who, dragged through narrow, rocky, and rough places, gave up their souls to God.
In Illyricum, the holy Martyrs Florus and Laurus, stonecutters by trade, who, under the Governor Licio, after their masters Proculus and Maximus had completed their martyrdom, were both, after many torments, cast into a deep well.
At Myra, in Lycia, the holy Martyrs Leo and Juliana.
At Metz, in Gaul, Saint Firminus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, Saint Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, the most pious Emperor, who was the first to set an outstanding example for other rulers in defending and extending the Church.
August 19
At Caen, in France, Saint John Eudes, Confessor, Apostolic Missionary, Founder of the Congregation of Priests of Jesus and Mary and also of the Order of Nuns of Our Lady of Charity, and promoter of the liturgical cult of the Most Sacred Hearts of Christ and His Mother; whom Pope Pius XI enrolled in the calendar of the Saints.
At Rome, Saint Julius, a Senator and Martyr, who was handed over to the judge Vitellius and by him thrown into prison, and by the command of the Emperor Commodus was beaten with clubs until he breathed his last. His body was buried in the cemetery of Calepodius on the Aurelian Way.
At Anagni, Saint Magnus, Bishop and Martyr, who was slain in the persecution of Decius.
In Cilicia, the birthday of Saint Andrew, a Tribune, and his companion soldiers, who, having obtained a divinely granted victory over the Persians, were converted to the faith of Christ, and, accused on this account under the Emperor Maximian, were slaughtered by the army of the Governor Seleucus in the passes of Mount Taurus.
In Palestine, Saint Timothy, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian under the Governor Urbanus, after overcoming many torments, was burned by a slow fire. In the same place, Thecla and Agapius also suffered. Of these, Thecla, exposed to wild beasts and torn by their teeth, passed to her Spouse; but Agapius, having endured very many torments, was reserved for greater contests.
At Rome, Saint Sixtus III, Pope and Confessor.
At the castle of Brignoles, in Provence, the burial of Saint Louis, of the Order of Friars Minor, Bishop of Toulouse, renowned for the holiness of his life and his miracles; whose body was translated from there to Marseilles and honorably enshrined in the Church of the Friars Minor, and was afterward conveyed to Valencia, in Spain, and placed in the cathedral church.
In the district of Sisteron, in Gaul, Blessed Donatus, Priest and Confessor, who, endowed with the wondrous grace of God from the very earliest years of childhood, led an anchoritic life for many years, and, renowned for the glory of his miracles, passed to Christ.
In the territory of Bourges, Saint Marian, Confessor, whose virtues and miracles the blessed Gregory, Bishop of Tours, celebrated with great praise.
At Mantua, Saint Rufinus, Confessor.
At Nuremberg, Saint Sebald, Hermit, renowned for his virtues and miracles, who was added to the catalogue of the Saints by Pope Martin V.
August 20
In the territory of Langres, the burial of Saint Bernard, the first Abbot of Clairvaux, glorious in life, doctrine, and miracles, whom Pope Pius VIII declared and confirmed as a Doctor of the Universal Church.
Likewise at Rome, the burial of Saint Pius X, Pope and Confessor, an unconquered champion of the integrity of the faith and of ecclesiastical liberty, distinguished for his zeal for religion, whose feast is observed on September 3.
At Monte Senario, in Tuscany, the birthday of Saint Manettus, Confessor, one of the seven Founders of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who expired while singing hymns to her. His feast, and that of his companions, is celebrated on February 12.
In Judea, the holy Prophet Samuel, whose sacred bones (as the blessed Jerome writes) the Emperor Arcadius translated to Constantinople and placed near the Septimum.
In Cyprus, Saint Lucius, a Senator, who, having observed the constancy of Theodore, Bishop of Cyrene, while undergoing martyrdom, was converted to the faith of Christ, and also drew the Governor Dignianus to it. Having gone with him to Cyprus, there, when he saw other Christians being crowned for the confession of the Lord, he voluntarily offered himself, and by beheading earned the same crown of martyrdom.
In Thrace, thirty-seven holy Martyrs, who, under the Governor Apellian, for the faith of Christ, had their hands and feet cut off and were cast into a burning furnace.
In the same place, the holy Martyrs Severus and Memnon, a Centurion, who, having completed their martyrdom by the same manner of death, departed as victors to heaven.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Leovigild and Christopher, Monks, who, in the persecution by the Arabs, were thrown into prison for the defense of the Christian faith, and soon, their heads being cut off and their bodies handed over to fire, they obtained the palm of martyrdom.
On the island of Herio, Saint Philibert, Abbot.
At Rome, Blessed Porphyrius, who was a man of God and instructed the holy Martyr Agapitus in the faith and doctrine of Christ.
At the castle of Chinon, in Gaul, Saint Maximus, Confessor, who was a disciple of the blessed Bishop Martin.
August 21
Saint Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, Widow, who was the Foundress of the Order of the Nuns of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose birthday is observed on December 13.
At Rome, in the Verano field, Saint Cyriaca, Widow and Martyr, who, in the persecution of Valerian, having devoted herself and all her possessions to the service of the Saints, at last, undergoing martyrdom for Christ, willingly spent even her very life.
In the territory of Javols, Saint Privatus, Bishop and Martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus.
At Salona, in Dalmatia, Saint Anastasius, a Cornicularius, who, when he saw the blessed Agapitus steadfastly enduring his torments, was converted to the faith, and, for the confession of the name of Christ, by the command of the Emperor Aurelian, was slain and passed as a Martyr to the Lord.
In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Delphius, were struck down by the sword.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Bonosus and Maximian.
At Fondi, in Latium, Saint Paternus, Martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the memorials of the Apostles, and from there withdrew to the territory of Fondi, and there, while burying the bodies of Martyrs, was seized by a Tribune and expired in chains.
At Edessa, in Syria, the holy Martyrs Bassa and her three sons, namely Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis; whom, in the persecution of Maximian, their pious mother, exhorting them, sent ahead, crowned with martyrdom, to the palm, and, her own head being cut off, joyfully followed them with victory.
At Verona, Saint Euprepius, Bishop and Confessor.
Likewise, Saint Quadratus, Bishop.
At Clermont, in Gaul, Saint Sidonius, Bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Siena, in Tuscany, Blessed Bernard Ptolemei, Abbot, Founder of the Olivetan Congregation.
August 22
The Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the same Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the birthday of Saint Timothy, Martyr, who was seized by the City Prefect Tarquinius and wasted by a long imprisonment, and, since he refused to sacrifice to idols, was beaten three times and subjected to the gravest torments, and finally was beheaded.
At Portus Romanus, Saint Hippolytus, Bishop, most renowned for his learning, who, under the Emperor Alexander, for his distinguished confession of the faith, was cast with hands and feet bound into a deep pit full of water, and received the palm of martyrdom. His body was buried in the same place by the Christians.
At Autun, Saint Symphorian, Martyr, who, in the time of the Emperor Aurelian, since he refused to sacrifice to idols, was first afflicted with beatings, then consigned to prison, and finally, his head being struck off, completed his martyrdom.
At Todi, in Umbria, the birthday of Saint Philip Benizi, Confessor, a Florentine, who was the propagator of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary and a man of extraordinary humility; and he was enrolled in the number of the Saints by Pope Clement X. His feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, Saint Antoninus, Martyr, who, openly professing himself a Christian, was condemned to death by the Judge Vitellius, and was buried by the priest Rufinus on the Aurelian Way.
At Tarsus, in Cilicia, the commemoration of Saints Athanasius, Bishop and Martyr, and Anthusa, a noble woman whom he had baptized, and together with them the Martyrs Charisius and Neophytus, servants of the same Anthusa, who suffered under the Emperor Valerian.
At Portus Romanus, the holy Martyrs Martial, Saturninus, Epictetus, Maprilis, and Felix, with their companions.
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy Martyrs Agathonicus, Zoticus, and their companions, under the Emperor Maximian and the Governor Eutolmius.
At Rheims, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Maurus and his companions.
In Spain, the holy Martyrs Fabrician and Philibert.
At Pavia, Saint Gunifortus, Martyr.
August 23
The Vigil of Saint Bartholomew, Apostle.
Saint Philip Benizi, Confessor, who was the propagator of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and passed to the Lord on the day before this.
At Ostia on the Tiber, the holy Martyrs Cyriacus, Bishop, Maximus, Priest, Archelaus, Deacon, and their companions, who suffered under the Prefect Ulpian in the time of Alexander.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Restitutus, Donatus, Valerian, and Fructuosa, with twelve others, who were crowned with the most illustrious honor of confession.
At Aegeae, in Cilicia, the holy Martyrs and brothers Claudius, Asterius, and Neon, who, accused of the Christian religion by their stepmother, under the Emperor Diocletian and the Governor Lysias, after bitter torments were affixed to the cross, on which they triumphed as victors with Christ. After them, Donvina and Theonilla also suffered.
At Rheims, in Gaul, the birthday of Saints Timothy and Apollinaris, who, having completed their martyrdom there, merited the heavenly kingdom.
At Lyons, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Minervius and Eleazar with his eight sons.
Likewise, Saint Luppus, Martyr, who, from a condition of servitude, having been granted the freedom of Christ, was also deemed worthy of the crown of martyrdom.
At Jerusalem, Saint Zacchaeus, Bishop, who, the fourth after the blessed Apostle James, governed the Church of Jerusalem.
At Alexandria, Saint Theonas, Bishop and Confessor.
At Utica, in Africa, Blessed Victor, Bishop.
At Autun, Saint Flavian, Bishop.
August 24
Saint Bartholomew, Apostle, who preached the Gospel of Christ in India; from there, having gone to Greater Armenia, where he had converted very many to the faith, he was flayed alive by the barbarians, and, by the command of King Astyages, completed his martyrdom by beheading. His sacred body, translated first to the island of Lipari, then to Benevento, and finally to Rome to the Tiber Island, is there honored with the pious veneration of the faithful.
At Lima, in Peru, the birthday of Saint Rose of Saint Mary, Virgin, of the Third Order of Saint Dominic. Her feast, however, is celebrated on August 30.
At Nepi, Saint Ptolemaeus, Bishop, who was a disciple of the blessed Apostle Peter; and, sent by him into Tuscany to preach the Gospel, met his death as a glorious Martyr of Christ in that same city.
On the same day, Saint Eutychius, who was a disciple of the blessed John the Evangelist; and, having endured imprisonment, beatings, and fire in many regions for the preaching of the Gospel, at last rested in peace.
At Nepi, Saint Romanus, Bishop of the same city, who, being a disciple of Saint Ptolemaeus, was also his companion in suffering.
At Carthage, three hundred holy Martyrs, in the time of Valerian and Gallienus. These magnanimous Martyrs, among other torments, when the Governor had ordered a lime kiln to be heated and, in his presence, burning coals with incense to be set before them, and had said to them: "Choose one of two things: either offer incense upon these coals to Jupiter, or be plunged into the lime" -- armed with faith, confessing Christ the Son of God, they cast themselves with the swiftest rush into the fire, and amid the fumes of the lime were reduced to dust. From this, that shining army of the blessed merited the name Massa Candida (the White Mass).
In Isauria, Saint Tatio, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Urbanus, was struck down by the sword and received the crown of martyrdom.
Likewise, Saint George Limniotes, a Monk, who, having rebuked the impious Emperor Leo because he was breaking sacred images and burning the relics of the Saints, for this reason, by his command, had his hands cut off and his head burned, and passed as a Martyr to the Lord.
At Ostia on the Tiber, Saint Aurea, Virgin and Martyr, who, with a stone tied to her neck, was plunged into the sea. Her body, however, was cast up on the shore, and the blessed Nonnus buried it.
At Rouen, Saint Ouen, Bishop and Confessor.
At Nevers, in Gaul, Saint Patrick, Abbot.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Joan Antida Thouret, Virgin, Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of Charity, whom Pope Pius XI enrolled in the register of holy Virgins.
At Marseilles, in Gaul, Saint Emily de Vialar, Virgin, Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition, distinguished for her fortitude, patience, and charity, whom Pope Pius XII enrolled in the number of the Saints.
At Valencia, in Spain, the birthday of Saint Maria Micaela, Virgin, Foundress of the Congregation of the Handmaids of the Most Blessed Sacrament and of Charity, inflamed with a zeal for suffering and a desire to win souls for God, whom Pope Pius XI numbered among the holy Virgins.
August 25
At Carthage, Saint Louis IX, King of France and Confessor, renowned for the holiness of his life and the glory of his miracles, whose bones were afterward brought to Paris.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Joseph Calasanctius, Priest and Confessor, illustrious for the innocence of his life and his miracles, who, to educate youth in piety and learning, founded the Order of the Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools. Pope Pius XII appointed him heavenly Patron before God of all Christian popular schools everywhere. His feast, however, is observed on August 27.
Likewise at Rome, the holy Martyrs Eusebius, Pontian, Vincent, and Peregrinus, who, under the Emperor Commodus, were first raised on the rack, then also stretched with sinews, and afterward beaten with clubs, with flames applied to their sides; and, since they most faithfully persevered in the praise of Christ, they were beaten with leaden scourges until they breathed their last.
Moreover at Rome, the birthday of Blessed Nemesius, Deacon, and his daughter Lucilla, a Virgin; who, since they could in no way be turned from the faith of Christ, were beheaded by the command of the Emperor Valerian. Their bodies, buried by the blessed Pope Stephen, and then more honorably entombed by the blessed Sixtus II on the Appian Way on October 31, were translated by Gregory V to the Deaconry of Saint Mary Nova, together with Saints Symphronius, Olympius the Tribune, his wife Exsuperia, and their son Theodulus; all of whom, converted through the efforts of Symphronius and baptized by the same Saint Stephen, had been crowned with martyrdom. These same bodies of the Saints, found in the same place under Pope Gregory XIII, were more honorably placed under the altar of the same church on December 8.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Genesius, Martyr, who, formerly a mime actor under paganism, while mocking the Mysteries of the Christians on stage before the watching Emperor Diocletian, was suddenly, inspired by God, converted to the faith and baptized. Soon, by the Emperor's command, he was most cruelly beaten with clubs, then suspended on the rack and tormented by a very long tearing with iron claws, and also scorched with torches. At last, persisting in the faith of Christ and saying, "There is no King but Christ, for whom even if I be killed a thousand times, you will not be able to take Him from my mouth nor from my heart," he earned the palm of martyrdom by the beheading.
At Arles, in Gaul, likewise Blessed Genesius, who, while serving in the office of a notary, refused to record the impious edicts by which Christians were ordered to be punished, and, casting the tablets away in public, declared himself a Christian; he was seized and beheaded, and so received the glory of martyrdom, baptized in his own blood.
In Syria, Saint Julian, Martyr.
At Tarragona, in Spain, Saint Maginus, Martyr.
At Italica, in Spain, Saint Gerontius, Bishop, who, in the time of the Apostles, preached the Gospel in that province, and, after many labors, rested in prison.
At Constantinople, Saint Menas, Bishop.
At Utrecht, Saint Gregory, Bishop.
At Montefiascone, in Tuscany, Saint Thomas, Confessor, who was Bishop of the Church of Hereford, in England.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Patricia, Virgin.
August 26
Saint Zephyrinus, Pope and Martyr, whose birthday is recorded on December 20.
At Cardona, in Spain, the passing of Saint Raymond Nonnatus, Cardinal and Confessor, of the Order of Our Lady of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives, renowned for the holiness of his life and his miracles. His feast, however, is observed on August 31.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Irenaeus and Abundius, who, in the persecution of Valerian, because they had recovered the body of the blessed Concordia, which had been thrown into a sewer, were themselves plunged into the same sewer. Their bodies, extracted from there by the priest Justin, were buried in a crypt near the blessed Lawrence.
At Ventimiglia, a city of Liguria, Saint Secundus, Martyr, a distinguished man and a commander from the Theban Legion.
At Bergamo, Saint Alexander, Martyr, who, himself also one of the same legion, while most steadfastly professing the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, completed his martyrdom by beheading.
Among the Marsi, Saints Simplicius and his sons Constantius and Victorianus, who, under the Emperor Antoninus, were first tortured in various ways, and then at last, struck by the blow of an axe, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saint Hadrian, descended from the Emperor Probus, who, reproaching Licinius for the persecution he had stirred up against the Christians, was ordered by him to be killed. His body was buried by Domitius, Bishop of Byzantium, his paternal uncle, in the suburb of that city called Argyropolis.
In Spain, Saint Victor, Martyr, who, for the faith of Christ, was killed by the Moors and was granted the crown of martyrdom.
At Capua, Saint Rufinus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Pistoia, in Tuscany, Saint Felix, Priest and Confessor.
At Le Puy, in the diocese of Poitiers, Saint Joan Elizabeth Bichier des Ages, Virgin, Co-Foundress with Saint Andrew Hubert Fournet of the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross, renowned for her constant mortification and the innocence of her life, whom Pope Pius XII enrolled in the calendar of holy Virgins.
August 27
Saint Joseph Calasanctius, Priest and Confessor, who was the Founder of the Order of the Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools, and fell asleep in the Lord on August 25.
At Potenza, in Lucania, the passion of Saints Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinianus; who, sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, were ordered by the Judge Valerian, under the Emperor Maximian, to undergo the capital sentence. The feast of these and the rest of the twelve brothers is celebrated on September 1.
At Bergamo, Saint Narnus, who, baptized by the blessed Barnabas, was ordained by him as the first Bishop of that same city.
At Capua, the birthday of Saint Rufus, Bishop and Martyr, who, being of patrician rank, was baptized by the blessed Apollinaris, a disciple of Saint Peter, together with his entire household.
In the same place, the holy Martyrs Rufus and Carpophorus, who suffered under Diocletian and Maximian.
At Tomi, in Pontus, the holy Martyrs Marcellinus, a Tribune, and his wife Mannea, and their sons John, Serapion, and Peter.
At Lentini, in Sicily, Saint Euthalia, Virgin, who, being a Christian, passed to her heavenly Spouse after being struck down by the sword by her brother Sermilianus.
On the same day, the passion of Saint Anthusa the Younger, who, for the faith of Christ, was plunged into a well and received martyrdom.
At Arles, in Gaul, Saint Caesarius, Bishop, a man of wondrous holiness and piety.
At Autun, Saint Syagrius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Pavia, Saint John, Bishop.
At Lerida, in Tarraconensian Spain, Saint Licerius, Bishop.
In the Thebaid, Saint Poemen, Anchorite.
At Settempeda, in Picenum, Saint Margaret, Widow.
August 28
At Hippo Regius, in Africa, the birthday of Saint Augustine, Bishop, Confessor, and most excellent Doctor of the Church, who, converted to the Catholic faith and baptized through the efforts of the blessed Bishop Ambrose, defended it as a most vigorous champion against the Manichaeans and other heretics, and, having accomplished many other labors for the Church of God, passed to his reward in heaven. His relics, first carried from his city to Sardinia on account of the barbarians, and afterwards transferred to Pavia by Liutprand, King of the Lombards, were there honorably enshrined.
Likewise at Rome, the birthday of Saint Hermes, an illustrious man, who (as is read in the Acts of the blessed Pope Alexander), first committed to prison custody, then, together with very many others, completed his martyrdom by the striking of the sword, under the judge Aurelian.
At Venosa, in Apulia, the passion of Saints Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix, who, sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, were ordered to be beheaded by the judge Valerian, under the Emperor Maximian. Their feast, however, together with the rest of the twelve brothers, is celebrated on the Kalends of September.
At Brioude, among the Arverni, likewise the passion of Saint Julian, Martyr, who, being a companion of the blessed Tribune Ferreolus and serving Christ secretly in military dress, was seized by soldiers during the persecution of Diocletian, and, with his throat cut, was slain by a horrible death.
At Constance, in Germany, Saint Pelagius, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Numerian and the judge Evilasius, was beheaded and received the crown of martyrdom.
At Salerno, the holy Martyrs Fortunatus, Caius, and Anthes, who were beheaded under the Emperor Diocletian and the Proconsul Leontius.
At Constantinople, Saint Alexander, Bishop, a glorious elder; on account of whose prayer Arius, condemned by divine judgment, burst asunder in the middle, and his bowels were poured out.
At Saintes, in Gaul, Saint Vivian, Bishop and Confessor.
Likewise Saint Moses the Ethiopian, who, from being a notorious robber became a renowned anchorite, converted many robbers and led them with him to the monastery.
August 29
The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist, whom Herod ordered to be beheaded around the feast of the Passover. His memory, however, is solemnly celebrated on this day, on which his venerable head was found for the second time; which, afterwards translated to Rome, is preserved with the greatest devotion of the people in the Church of Saint Sylvester, at the Campus Martius.
At Rome, on the Aventine Hill, the birthday of Saint Sabina, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Hadrian, struck with the sword, obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Velinianum, on the borders of Apulia, the passion of Saints Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus, who, sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, suffered the capital sentence from the judge Valerian, under the Emperor Maximian. Their memory, however, together with the rest of the twelve brothers, is recalled on the Kalends of September.
At Rome, Saint Candida, Virgin and Martyr, whose body the blessed Pope Paschal I transferred to the Church of Saint Praxedes.
At Constantinople, the holy Martyrs Hypatius, Bishop of Asiana, and Andrew, Priest, who were both, on account of the veneration of the holy Images, under Leo the Isaurian, slaughtered after their beards were smeared with pitch and set afire, and the skin of their heads was torn off.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Nicaea and Paul.
At Metz, in Gaul, Saint Adelphus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Paris, the burial of Saint Medericus, Priest.
At Perugia, Saint Euthymius the Roman, who, fleeing the persecution of Diocletian with his wife and his son Crescentius, withdrew to that city, and there afterwards rested in the Lord.
In England, Saint Sebbi, King.
At Sirmium, the birthday of Saint Basilla, Virgin.
In the district of Troyes, Saint Sabina, Virgin, glorious for her virtues and miracles.
August 30
Saint Rose of Saint Mary, of the Third Order of Saint Dominic, Virgin; whose birthday is recorded on the ninth day before the Kalends of September.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the passion of the blessed Felix, Priest, under the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He, after the torment of the rack, when sentence had been passed and he was being led to be beheaded, was met by a certain Christian, who, while he freely professed himself to be a Christian, was immediately beheaded together with him; not knowing his name, the Christians called him Adauctus, because he was added to Saint Felix for the crown.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Gaudentia, Virgin and Martyr, with three others.
At Colonia Suffetulana, in Africa, the blessed sixty Martyrs, who were slain by the fury of the pagans.
At Bologna, Saint Bononius, Abbot.
At Rome, Saint Pammachius, Priest, who was distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Hadrumetum, in Africa, Saints Boniface and Thecla, who were the parents of the blessed twelve sons who were Martyrs.
At Thessalonica, Saint Fantinus, Confessor, who, having suffered much from the Saracens and been expelled from the monastery in which he had lived with admirable abstinence, at length, after leading very many to the way of salvation, rested in a good old age.
In the territory of Meaux, Saint Fiacre, Confessor.
At Trevi, in Latium, Saint Peter, Confessor, who, renowned for many virtues and miracles, there passed to the Lord and is honorably venerated.
August 31
Saint Raymond Nonnatus, of the Order of Our Lady of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives, Cardinal and Confessor; whose birthday is recalled on the seventh day before the Kalends of September.
At Monte Senario, in Etruria, the birthday of Saint Bonajuncta, Confessor, one of the seven Founders of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary; who, while speaking to the brethren about the Passion of the Lord, gave up his spirit into the hands of the Lord. His feast, however, together with his Companions, is celebrated on the day before the Ides of February.
Likewise at Trier, the birthday of Saint Paulinus, Bishop, who, during the time of the Arian persecution, was banished to exile by the Arian Emperor Constantius on account of the Catholic faith, and, worn out by being transferred from exile to exile beyond the Christian world even unto death, at length died in Phrygia and received the crown of blessed suffering from the Lord.
At Trasacco, near Lake Fucino, in the land of the Marsi, also the birthday of the holy Martyrs Caesidius, Priest, and his Companions, who were crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Maximinus.
Likewise the holy Martyrs Robustian and Mark.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Saints Theodotus, Rufina, and Ammia; of whom the first two were the parents of Saint Mamas the Martyr, whom Rufina bore in prison, and Ammia raised.
At Auxerre, Saint Optatus, Bishop and Confessor.
In England, Saint Aidan, Bishop of Lindisfarne; whose soul, when Saint Cuthbert, whose memory is celebrated on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of April, then a shepherd of sheep, saw being carried to heaven, he left his sheep and became a monk.
At Nusco, Saint Amatus, Bishop.
At Athens, Saint Aristides, most renowned for his faith and wisdom, who presented to the Emperor Hadrian an excellent volume concerning the Christian religion, containing an explanation of our doctrine; and who, in the presence of the Emperor himself, most eloquently argued that Christ Jesus alone is God.
September
September 1
In the province of Narbonne, Saint Giles, Abbot and Confessor, by whose name the town was called which afterwards grew up in the place where he had built a monastery and completed the course of his mortal life.
At Sentiano, on the borders of Apulia, the passion of Saints Donatus and another Felix, who, sons of Saints Boniface and Thecla, were ordered by the judge Valerian, under the Emperor Maximian, after various torments, to be beheaded on this day, on which also the feast of the others among the twelve brothers, whose birthdays are celebrated on their respective days, was appointed to be observed. The bodies of the twelve brothers were afterwards translated to Benevento, and there honorably preserved.
In Palestine, Saints Joshua and Gideon.
At Jerusalem, the blessed Anna the Prophetess, whose holiness the Gospel narrative reveals.
At Capua, on the Aquarian Way, Saint Priscus, Martyr, who was one of the early disciples of Christ.
At Todi, in Umbria, Saint Terentian, Bishop and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Hadrian, by the order of the Proconsul Laetianus, was tortured on the rack and with scorpions, and at length, with his tongue cut out, was condemned to beheading and completed his martyrdom.
At Heraclea, in Thrace, Saint Ammon, Deacon, and the holy forty Virgins, whom he instructed in the faith, and, under the tyrant Licinius, led with him to the glory of martyrdom.
In Spain, the holy Martyrs Vincent and Laetus.
At Populonia, in Tuscany, Saint Regulus, Martyr, who came there from Africa, and there, under Totila, completed his martyrdom.
At Capua, Saint Priscus, Bishop, who was one of those priests who, during the persecution of the Vandals, having been variously afflicted on account of the Catholic faith and placed on a decrepit ship, came from Africa to the shores of Campania, and, dispersed in those places and placed over various churches, marvelously spread the Christian religion. His companions were Castrensis, whose birthday is recalled on the third day before the Ides of February, Tammarus, Rosius, Heraclius, Secundinus, Adjutor, Marcus, Augustus, Elpidius, Canion, and Vindonius.
At Sens, the blessed Lupus, Bishop and Confessor; of whom it is reported that on a certain day, in the presence of the clergy, while he stood at the sacred altar, a gem fell from heaven into his holy chalice.
At Rheims, in Gaul, Saint Sixtus, who was the first Bishop of that city.
At Le Mans, in Gaul, Saint Victorius, Bishop.
At Aquino, Saint Constantius, Bishop, renowned for the gift of prophecy and many virtues.
At Zurzach, in the territory of Constance in Germany, Saint Verena, Virgin.
September 2
Saint Stephen, King of the Hungarians and Confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of September.
At Rome, Saint Maxima, Martyr, who, having confessed Christ together with Saint Ansanus, during the persecution of Diocletian, gave up her spirit while being beaten with clubs.
At Pamiers, in Gaul, Saint Antoninus, Martyr, whose relics are preserved with great veneration at the Church of Palencia, in Spain.
Likewise the holy Martyrs Diomedes, Julian, Philip, Eutychian, Hesychius, Leonidas, Philadelphus, Menalippus, and Pantagapas; of whom some completed their martyrdom by fire, some by water, others by the sword and the cross.
At Nicomedia, the holy Martyrs Zeno, and Concordius and Theodore, his sons.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Elpidius, Bishop and Confessor.
Likewise in Picenum, Saint Elpidius, Abbot, by whose name the town was called which rejoices in possessing his sacred body.
On Mount Soracte, Saint Nonnosus, Abbot, who by his prayer moved a rock of enormous mass, and shone with other miracles.
On the same day, the Commemoration of the holy Martyrs and siblings Evodius, Hermogenes, and Callista; who, having suffered martyrdom in the Sicilian city of Syracuse, are also commemorated on the seventh day before the Kalends of May.
At Lyon, in Gaul, the Translation of Saints Justus, Bishop and Confessor, and Viator, who had been his attendant; whose birthdays are respectively recorded on the day before the Ides of October and the twelfth day before the Kalends of November.
September 3
Saint Pius X, Pope, whose birthday is recorded on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of September.
At Corinth, the birthday of Saint Phoebe, whom the blessed Apostle Paul mentions in writing to the Romans.
At Capua, the holy Martyrs Aristaeus, Bishop, and Antoninus, a boy.
On the same day, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Aigulphus, Abbot of Lerins, and his Companions the monks, who, with their tongues cut out and their eyes gouged out, were beheaded with the sword.
Likewise the holy Martyrs Zeno and Chariton; of whom one was thrown into a cauldron of molten lead, and the other cast into a furnace of fire.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Sandalus, Martyr.
At Aquileia, the holy Virgins and Martyrs Euphemia, Dorothea, Thecla, and Erasma, who, under the Emperor Nero and the Governor Sebastus, after many tortures, were slain with the sword and buried by Saint Hermagoras.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saint Basilissa, Virgin and Martyr, who, being nine years old, when during the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian, under the Governor Alexander, she had overcome beatings, fires, and wild beasts by divine power, converted the Governor himself to the faith of Christ, and at length, outside the city, gave up her spirit to God in prayer.
At Toul, in Gaul, Saint Mansuetus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Milan, the burial of Saint Auxanus, Bishop.
On the same day, Saint Simeon Stylites the Younger.
At Rome, the Translation of Saint Seraphia, Virgin and Martyr, who suffered on the fourth day before the Kalends of August.
Likewise at Rome, the Ordination of that incomparable man, Saint Gregory the Great, as Supreme Pontiff; who, compelled to undertake that burden, shone forth in the world with brighter rays of holiness from a more exalted throne.
September 4
On Mount Nebo, in the land of Moab, Saint Moses, lawgiver and Prophet.
At Naples, in Campania, the birthday of Saint Candida, who was the first to meet Saint Peter the Apostle when he came to that city, and, having been baptized by him, afterwards rested with a holy end.
At Trier, Saint Marcellus, Bishop and Martyr.
At Ancyra, in Galatia, the birthday of three boy Martyrs, namely Rufinus, Silvanus, and Vitalicus.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Magnus, Castus, and Maximus.
At Chalon-sur-Saone, in Gaul, Saint Marcellus, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Antoninus, when he had been invited by the Governor Priscus to a profane banquet, and, abhorring such feasts, had rebuked with free reproof all who were present as to why they served idols, was by the same Governor, by an unheard-of kind of cruelty, buried in the earth up to his waist; and thus, after persevering in the praises of God for three days, he gave up his undefiled spirit.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Thamelis, formerly a priest of idols, and his Companions, under the Emperor Hadrian.
Likewise the holy Martyrs Theodore, Oceanus, Ammian, and Julian, who, under the Emperor Maximian, with their feet cut apart, were cast into the fire and completed their martyrdom.
At Rome, Saint Boniface I, Pope and Confessor.
At Rimini, Saint Marinus, Deacon.
At Palermo, the birthday of Saint Rosalia, a Virgin of Palermo, sprung from the royal blood of Charlemagne; who, for the love of Christ, fled her father's principality and court, and, dwelling alone in the mountains and caves, led a heavenly life.
At Viterbo, the Translation of the blessed Rose, Virgin, of the Third Order of Saint Francis, in the time of Pope Alexander IV.
September 5
Saint Lawrence Justinian, the first Patriarch of Venice and Confessor, who unwillingly ascended the pontifical chair on this day, and fell asleep in the Lord on the sixth day before the Ides of January.
At Rome, in the suburbs, the blessed Victorinus, Bishop and Martyr, who, renowned for holiness and miracles, was elected to the priesthood of the city of Amiternum by the choice of all the people. Afterwards, under Nerva Trajan, he was banished with other servants of God to Cutiliae, where fetid and sulphurous waters issue forth, and was ordered by the judge Aurelian to be suspended head downward; and when he had suffered this for three days for the name of Christ, at length, gloriously crowned, he passed as a victor to the Lord. Christians seized his body and buried it with an honorable burial at Amiternum, in the land of the Vestini.
At Constantinople, the holy Martyrs Urban, Theodore, Menedemus, and seventy-seven Companions of the ecclesiastical order, who, by the Emperor Valens, for the Catholic faith, were placed in a ship and ordered to be burned at sea.
At Porto Romano, the passion of Saint Herculanus, a soldier, who, under the Emperor Gallus, was beaten with scourges and beheaded for the faith of Christ.
At Capua, the holy Martyrs Quinctius, Arcontius, and Donatus.
On the same day, Saint Romulus, who, being a prefect of the court of Trajan and abhorring the cruelty of the Emperor toward Christians, was beaten with rods and beheaded.
At Melitene, in Armenia, the passion of the holy soldiers Eudoxius, Zeno, Macarius, and one thousand one hundred and four Companions, who, having cast off the belt of military service, were put to death in the persecution of Diocletian for confessing Christ.
In the district of Therouanne, in the monastery of Sithiu, in Gaul, Saint Bertin, Abbot.
At Toledo, in Spain, Saint Obdulia, Virgin.
September 6
In Palestine, Saint Zechariah the Prophet, who, returning as an old man from Chaldea to his homeland, and dying there, lies buried beside the Prophet Haggai.
In the Hellespont, Saint Onesiphorus, a disciple of the Apostles, whom Saint Paul mentions in writing to Timothy. Onesiphorus himself, in that same place, together with Saint Porphyrius, by the order of the Proconsul Hadrian, was severely beaten and dragged by fierce horses, and gave up his spirit to God.
In Africa, the holy Bishops Donatian, Praesidius, Mansuetus, Germanus, and Fusculus, who, during the Vandal persecution, by the order of the Arian King Hunneric, for defending the Catholic truth, were most cruelly beaten with clubs and banished into exile. Among them also was a Bishop named Laetus, a vigorous and most learned man, who, after long periods of squalid imprisonment, was burned to death by fire.
At Alexandria, the passion of the holy Martyrs Faustus, Priest, Macarius, and ten Companions, who, under the Emperor Decius and the Governor Valerius, completed their martyrdom by having their necks severed for the name of Christ.
In Cappadocia, the holy Martyrs Cottidus, Deacon, Eugene, and their Companions.
At Verona, Saint Petronius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Rome, Saint Eleutherius, Abbot, who was a servant of God, and (as Saint Pope Gregory writes) raised a dead man by prayer and tears.
September 7
At Troyes, in Gaul, Saint Nemorius, Deacon, and his Companion Martyrs, whom Attila, King of the Huns, slew.
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the blessed John, Martyr, who, when he saw the cruel edicts against Christians hanging in the forum, inflamed with the ardor of faith, laid hands on them and tore them down and ripped them apart. When this was reported to the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, who were residing in that same city, they ordered every kind of torture to be tried upon him; which that most noble man endured with such cheerfulness of countenance and spirit that he could not even be seen to appear sad on account of them.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Saint Eupsychius, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Hadrian, was accused of being a Christian and thrown into prison; and, released shortly after, immediately sold his patrimony and distributed the proceeds partly to the poor and partly to his accusers, as if to benefactors. But, being seized again, and, when he refused to sacrifice to idols, most savagely torn apart and pierced with the sword, he completed his martyrdom under the judge Sapritius.
At Pompeiopolis, in Cilicia, Saint Sozon, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Maximian, was cast into fire and gave up his spirit.
At Aquileia, Saint Anastasius, Martyr.
At ancient Alesia, in the territory of Autun, Saint Regina, Virgin and Martyr, who, under the Proconsul Olybrius, was afflicted with the tortures of prison, the rack, and burning torches, and at length, condemned to beheading, passed to her Spouse.
At Orleans, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Evortius, Bishop, who, first a Subdeacon of the Roman Church, was then by a divine gift designated Bishop of the aforesaid city through a dove.
In Gaul, Saint Augustalis, Bishop and Confessor.
At Capua, Saint Pamphilus, Bishop.
In the territory of Paris, Saint Cloud, Priest and Confessor.
September 8
The Nativity of the most blessed ever-Virgin Mary, Mother of God. Saint Hadrian, Martyr, whose birthday is recorded on the fourth day before the Nones of March, but whose feast is principally celebrated on this day, on which his sacred body was translated to Rome.
At Valencia, in Tarraconensian Spain, the birthday of Saint Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of the Hermits of Saint Augustine, Bishop and Confessor, distinguished for his burning charity toward the poor; who was enrolled in the number of the Saints by Pope Alexander VII. His feast, however, is celebrated on the tenth day before the Kalends of October.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Ammon, Theophilus, Neoterius, and twenty-two others.
At Antioch, the holy Martyrs Timothy and Faustus.
At Gaza, in Palestine, the holy Martyr brothers Eusebius, Nestabius, and Zeno, who, in the time of Julian the Apostate, when a mob of pagans rushed upon them, were torn apart and killed.
In the same place, Saint Nestor, Martyr, who, under the same Julian, was most cruelly tortured by the same raging pagans and gave up his spirit.
At Rome, Saint Sergius I, Pope and Confessor.
At Freising, Saint Corbinian, who was the first Bishop of that city. He, ordained by the holy Pope Gregory II and sent to preach the Gospel, brought forth abundant fruits in Gaul and Germany, and at length, renowned for his virtues and miracles, rested in peace.
At Cartagena, in South America, Saint Peter Claver, Priest of the Society of Jesus and Confessor; who, with marvelous self-denial and extraordinary charity, devoting himself for more than forty years to the Africans carried into slavery, himself regenerated in Christ nearly three hundred thousand of them with his own hand; and was enrolled in the number of the Saints by Pope Leo XIII, and was then also appointed and declared the special heavenly Patron of the sacred Missions to the Africans.
September 9
At Nicomedia, the passion of the holy Martyrs Dorotheus and Gorgonius, who, having attained the most ample honors under the Emperor Diocletian, and abhorring the persecution which he was inflicting upon the Christians, were, in his presence, first ordered to be hung up and their entire bodies torn with scourges; then, with their flesh stripped of skin, to be drenched with vinegar and salt, and thus roasted on a gridiron; and, at the last, to be strangled with a noose. After some time, however, the body of the blessed Gorgonius was brought to Rome and placed on the Via Latina, and thence translated to the Basilica of Saint Peter.
In the Sabine territory, thirty miles from the City, the holy Martyrs Hyacinth, Alexander, and Tiburtius.
At Sebaste, in Armenia, Saint Severian, who, being a soldier of the Emperor Licinius, and frequently visiting the Forty Martyrs detained in prison, was on that account, by the order of the Governor Lysias, suspended with a stone tied to his feet, and, beaten with blows and torn with scourges, gave up his spirit in the torments.
On the same day, the passion of Saint Strato, who, for Christ, was tied to two trees and torn apart, and thus completed his martyrdom.
Likewise the holy Martyrs and brothers Rufinus and Rufinianus.
In the territory of Therouanne, in Gaul, Saint Omer, Bishop.
In the monastery of Clonmacnoise, in Ireland, Saint Kieran, Priest and Abbot.
September 10
At Tolentino, in Picenum, the burial of Saint Nicholas, Confessor, of the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine.
In Africa, the feast of the holy Bishops Nemesianus, Felix, Lucius, another Felix, Litteus, Polyanus, Victor, Jader, Dativus, and others; who, under Valerian and Gallienus, when the fury of persecution arose, were severely beaten with clubs for their steadfast confession of Christ; then, bound in fetters and assigned to the mines, they completed the struggle of a glorious confession.
At Liege, in Belgium, Saint Theodard, Bishop and Martyr, who laid down his life for his flock, and after death shone with miraculous signs.
At Chalcedon, the holy Martyrs Sosthenes and Victor, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under Priscus, Proconsul of Asia, after bonds and having overcome the wild beasts, were ordered to be burned; but they, greeting one another with a holy kiss and disposing themselves in prayer, gave up their spirits.
Also the holy Martyrs Apellius, Luke, and Clement.
In Bithynia, the holy Virgin sisters Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, who, under the Emperor Maximian and the Governor Fronto, were crowned with martyrdom for their fearless constancy in the faith of Christ, and attained glory.
At Compostela, Saint Peter, Bishop, who was renowned for many virtues and miracles.
In the city of Albi, in Gaul, Saint Salvius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Novara, Saint Agapius, Bishop.
At Constantinople, Saint Pulcheria Augusta, Virgin, distinguished for her religion and piety.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Candida the Younger, renowned for miracles.
September 11
At Rome, on the old Via Salaria, in the cemetery of Basilla, the feast of the holy Martyrs Protus and Hyacinth, brothers and eunuchs of the blessed Eugenia. These, under the Emperor Gallienus, being discovered to be Christians, were compelled to sacrifice; but not consenting, they were first beaten most severely, and at length both beheaded.
At Leon, in Spain, Saint Vincent, Abbot and Martyr.
At Laodicea, in Syria, the passion of the holy Diodorus, Diomedes, and Didymus.
In Egypt, Saint Paphnutius, Bishop, who was one of those Confessors who, under the Emperor Galerius Maximian, had their right eye gouged out and their left hamstring cut, and were condemned to the mines; afterwards, under Constantine the Great, he strenuously fought against the Arians for the Catholic faith; and at last, enriched with many crowns, he rested in peace.
At Lyons, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Patiens, Bishop.
At Vercelli, Saint Aemilian, Bishop.
At Alexandria, Saint Theodora, who, having sinned through lack of caution, afterward repented of her deed, and with admirable abstinence and patience persevered unknown in a holy habit until death.
September 12
The Feast of the Most Holy Name of the Blessed Mary, which Pope Innocent XI ordered to be celebrated on account of the notable victory over the Turks, won at Vienna in Austria through the protection of the Virgin herself.
In Bithynia, Saint Autonomus, Bishop and Martyr, who, fleeing from Italy to escape the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian, went there and, having converted very many to the faith, was slain at the altar by raging pagans while he was celebrating the sacred Mysteries, and was made a victim of Christ.
At Iconium, in Lycaonia, Saint Coronotus, Bishop, who, under the Governor Perennius, was beheaded and received the palm of martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the feast of the holy Martyrs Hieronides, Leontius, Serapion, Selesius, Valerian, and Strato, who, under the Emperor Maximinus, were drowned in the sea for confessing the name of Christ.
At Merus, in Phrygia, the passion of the holy Martyrs Macedonius, Theodulus, and Tatian, who, under Julian the Apostate, by the Governor Almachus, after other torments, were placed upon red-hot iron grates, and exulting, completed their martyrdom.
At Pavia, Saint Juventius, Bishop, of whom an account is given on the sixth day before the Ides of February. He was sent to that city by the blessed Hermagoras, a disciple of Saint Mark the Evangelist, together with Saint Syrus, whose memory is recalled on the fifth day before the Ides of December; and both, preaching the Gospel of Christ there and shining with great virtues and miracles, also illuminated the neighboring cities with divine works, and so, in pontifical honor, rested in peace with a glorious end.
At Lyons, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Sacerdos, Bishop.
At Verona, Saint Silvinus, Bishop.
At Anderlecht, near Brussels, in Brabant, Saint Guy, Confessor.
September 13
At Alexandria, the feast of the blessed Philip, father of Saint Eugenia the Virgin. He, abandoning the dignity of the Prefecture of Egypt, obtained the grace of Baptism; and while he was at prayer, the Prefect Terentius, his successor, ordered him to be slain by the sword.
Also the holy Martyrs Macrobius and Julian, who suffered under Licinius.
On the same day, Saint Ligorius, Martyr, who, while living in the wilderness, was put to death by the pagans on account of his faith in Christ.
At Alexandria, Saint Eulogius, Bishop, celebrated for his learning and holiness.
At Angers, in Gaul, Saint Maurilius, Bishop, who was renowned for innumerable miracles.
At Sens, Saint Amatus, Bishop and Confessor.
In the monastery of Remiremont, in Gaul, Saint Amatus, Priest and Abbot, illustrious for his abstinence and the gift of miracles.
On the same day, Saint Venerius, Confessor, a man of admirable holiness, who led an eremitical life on the island of Palmaria.
September 14
The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, when the Emperor Heraclius, having defeated King Chosroes, brought it back from Persia to Jerusalem.
At Rome, on the Via Appia, the blessed Cornelius, Pope and Martyr; who, in the persecution of Decius, after being relegated to exile, was ordered to be beaten with leaden whips, and so, together with twenty-one others of both sexes, beheaded. Also the soldier Cerealis, with his wife Sallustia, whom the same Cornelius had instructed in the faith, were beheaded on the same day.
In Africa, the passion of Saint Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, most illustrious for his holiness and learning; who, under the rulers Valerian and Gallienus, after a harsh exile, completed his martyrdom by beheading, six miles from Carthage, near the sea. The memory of these same Saints Cornelius and Cyprian is festively celebrated on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of October.
At Comana, in Pontus, the feast of Saint John, Bishop of Constantinople, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, surnamed Chrysostom on account of the golden stream of his eloquence; who, driven into exile by a faction of enemies, and, when he was being recalled from there by a decree of Saint Innocent I, the Supreme Pontiff, on the journey, having suffered many evils from the soldiers guarding him, rendered his soul to God. His feast, however, is celebrated on the sixth day before the Kalends of February, the day on which his sacred body was translated to Constantinople by Theodosius the Younger. Pope Pius X declared and constituted this most illustrious herald of the divine word as the heavenly Patron of sacred Orators.
At Trier, Saint Maternus, Bishop, who was a disciple of the blessed Apostle Peter; and he brought the people of Tongeren, Cologne, and Trier, and other neighboring peoples, to the faith of Christ.
At Rome, Saint Crescentius, a boy, who was the son of Saint Euthymius; and, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Judge Turpilius, on the Via Salaria, he was struck by the sword and died.
In Africa, the passion of the holy Martyrs Crescentian, Victor, Rosula, and Generalis.
September 15
The Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Feast of the Seven Sorrows of the same most Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the feast of the blessed Nicomedes, Priest and Martyr, who, when he said to those compelling him to sacrifice: "I sacrifice only to Almighty God, who reigns in heaven," was beaten with leaden whips for a very long time, and in that torment passed to the Lord.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Emila, Deacon, and Jeremias, who, in the Arab persecution, after long wasting in prison, at last had their necks severed for Christ, and completed their martyrdom.
In the territory of Chalon, Saint Valerian, Martyr, whom the Governor Priscus, after suspending him and torturing him with severe tearing by iron claws, at last, seeing him immovable in the confession of Christ and remaining with joyful spirit in His praises, ordered to be put to death by the sword.
At Adrianople, in Thrace, the holy Martyrs Maximus, Theodore, and Asclepiodotus, who were crowned under the Emperor Maximian.
Also Saint Porphyrius, a mime actor, who, before Julian the Apostate, receiving baptism in jest, was suddenly changed by the power of God, and professed himself to be a Christian; and presently, by command of the Emperor himself, struck with an axe, he was crowned with martyrdom.
On the same day, Saint Nicetas the Goth, who, by King Athanaric, on account of the Catholic faith, was ordered to be burned by fire.
At Marcianopolis, in Thrace, Saint Melitina, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Antoninus and the Governor Antiochus, when she had been led once and again to the temples of the pagans, and the idols always fell down, was therefore suspended and torn, and at last beheaded.
At Toul, in Gaul, Saint Aper, Bishop.
Also Saint Leobinus, Bishop of Chartres.
At Lyons, in Gaul, Saint Albinus, Bishop.
On the same day, the burial of Saint Aichard, Abbot.
In Gaul, Saint Eutropia, Widow.
At Genoa, Saint Catherine, Widow, distinguished for her contempt of the world and charity toward God.
September 16
The holy Martyrs Cornelius, Pope, and Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, whose memory is recalled on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of October.
At Chalcedon, the feast of Saint Euphemia, Virgin and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Diocletian and the Proconsul Priscus, overcame for Christ torments, prisons, beatings, the instruments of the wheel, fires, weights of stones, wild beasts, blows of rods, sharp saws, and burning pans. But, being led again into the arena to the beasts, there, having prayed to the Lord that He would now receive her spirit, one of the beasts fixed a bite on her holy body while the rest licked her feet, and she rendered her spotless spirit to God.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Lucy, a noble matron, and Geminianus; both of whom the Emperor Diocletian, after afflicting them with the most grievous punishments and torturing them for a long time, at last, after their praiseworthy victory of martyrdom, ordered to be put to death by the sword.
The feast of Saint Martin I, Pope and Martyr, who, having condemned the heretics Sergius, Paul, and Pyrrhus in a Synod convened at Rome, was therefore, by order of Constans, the heretical Emperor, captured by treachery and brought to Constantinople, and relegated to the Chersonese, where, worn out by hardships for the Catholic faith, he ended his life, and was renowned for many miracles. His body, afterward translated to Rome, was laid to rest in the Church of Saints Sylvester and Martin. His feast, however, is celebrated on the day before the Ides of November.
Likewise at Rome, the feast of Saint Cecilia, Virgin and Martyr, who brought her spouse Valerian and his brother Tiburtius to believe in Christ, and inspired them to martyrdom. Almachius, the Prefect of the City, after their martyrdom, had her arrested, and, after a renowned passion and after she had overcome the fire, had her put to death by the sword, in the time of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander. Her feast is recalled on the tenth day before the Kalends of December.
At Heraclea, in Thrace, Saint Sebastiana, Martyr, who was brought to the faith of Christ by the blessed Apostle Paul; and, under the Emperor Domitian and the Governor Sergius, having been tried in various ways, she was at last slain by the sword.
At Rome, on the Via Flaminia, the holy Martyrs Abundius, Priest, and Abundantius, Deacon, whom the Emperor Diocletian, together with the illustrious man Marcian and his son John, whom they had raised from the dead, ordered to be struck by the sword, at the tenth milestone from the City.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Rogellus and Servideus, who, with their hands and feet cut off, were at last beheaded.
At Whithorn, in Scotland, Saint Ninian, Bishop and Confessor.
In England, Saint Edith, Virgin, daughter of Edgar, King of the English, who, consecrated to God in a monastery from her tender years, was rather ignorant of the world than one who had left it.
At Monte Cassino, the Blessed Victor, Pope III, who, as successor of Saint Gregory VII, illuminated the Apostolic See with new splendor, having achieved a notable triumph over the Saracens by divine aid. Pope Leo XIII ratified and confirmed the veneration which had been shown to him from time immemorial.
September 17
On Mount Alverna, in Etruria, the commemoration of the Impression of the Sacred Stigmata, with which Saint Francis, Founder of the Order of Friars Minor, was marked on his hands, feet, and side by the wondrous grace of God.
At Rome, the feast of Saint Robert Bellarmine, Confessor, of the Society of Jesus, Cardinal and formerly Bishop of Capua, most illustrious for his holiness, learning, and the very many labors undertaken in defense of the Catholic faith and the Apostolic See; whom Pope Pius XI raised to the honors of the Saints and declared a Doctor of the Universal Church, and appointed his feast to be observed on the third day before the Ides of May.
At Rome, on the Via Tiburtina, the feast of Saint Justin, Priest and Martyr, who, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, was renowned for the glory of his confession. He buried the bodies of the blessed Bishop Sixtus II, Lawrence, Hippolytus, and very many other Saints, and at last, under Claudius, completed his martyrdom.
Likewise at Rome, the holy Martyrs Narcissus and Crescentio.
At Liege, in Belgium, the blessed Lambert, Bishop of Maastricht, who, having rebuked the royal household with religious zeal, was slain, an innocent man, by the guilty, and so entered the court of the heavenly kingdom to live forever.
At Saragossa, in Spain, Saint Peter of Arbues, the first Inquisitor of the Faith in the Kingdom of Aragon; who, having been savagely murdered by relapsed Jews on account of the same Catholic faith which he strenuously defended as his duty, was added to the catalogue of holy Martyrs by Blessed Pope Pius IX.
In Britain, the holy Martyrs Socrates and Stephen.
At Noyon, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Valerian, Macrinus, and Gordian.
At Autun, Saint Flocellus, a boy, who, under the Emperor Antoninus and the Governor Valerian, suffered much, and at last, torn to pieces by wild beasts, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Columba, Virgin and Martyr.
In Phrygia, Saint Ariadne, Martyr, under the Emperor Hadrian.
On the same day, Saint Agathoclia, who, being a handmaid of a certain unbelieving woman, was tormented for a long time by her mistress with beatings and other afflictions to make her deny Christ; at last, brought before the Judge and more cruelly torn, and nevertheless persisting in the confession of the faith, she was, after having her tongue cut out, thrown into the fire.
At Milan, the burial of Saint Satyrus, Confessor, whose outstanding merits his brother, Saint Ambrose, commemorates.
At Bingen, in the Diocese of Mainz, Saint Hildegard, Virgin.
At Rome, Saint Theodora, a matron, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, diligently ministered to the holy Martyrs.
September 18
At Osimo, in Picenum, Saint Joseph of Cupertino, Priest of the Order of Conventual Friars Minor and Confessor; whom Pope Clement XIII numbered among the Saints.
At Chalcis in Greece, the feast of Saint Methodius, who was first Bishop of Olympus, in Lycia, and afterward of Tyre, in Phoenicia, most illustrious for the elegance of his speech and his learning; and, at the end of the last persecution (as Saint Jerome writes), he was crowned with martyrdom.
In the territory of Vienne, Saint Ferreolus, Martyr, who, holding tribunician power, was seized by order of the most impious Governor Crispinus, and first most cruelly beaten, then, laden with the heavy weight of chains, was thrust into a most foul dungeon; whence, his bonds being loosed and the prison doors opened by the will of God, he went out, but was again captured by his pursuers, and received the palm of martyrdom by beheading.
Also the holy Martyrs Sophia and Irene.
At Milan, Saint Eustorgius I, Bishop of that city, celebrated by the testimony of the blessed Ambrose.
At Gortyna, in Crete, Saint Eumenius, Bishop and Confessor.
September 19
At Pozzuoli, in Campania, the holy Martyrs Januarius, Bishop of the city of Benevento, and his Deacon Festus, and the Lector Desiderius, Sosius, Deacon of the Church of Misenum, Proculus, Deacon of Pozzuoli, Eutychius, and Acutius. All these, after bonds and imprisonment, were beheaded under the ruler Diocletian. The body of Saint Januarius was carried to Naples and honorably entombed in a church; where also the blood of the most blessed Martyr is still preserved in a glass vial, which, when placed in the presence of his head, is seen to liquefy and bubble as if freshly shed.
In Palestine, the holy Martyrs and Bishops of Egypt, Peleus, Nilus, and Elias, who, in the time of the persecution of Diocletian, together with very many clerics, were consumed by fire for Christ.
At Nocera, the feast of the holy Martyrs Felix and Constantia, who suffered under Nero.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Trophimus, Sabbatius, and Dorymedon, under the Emperor Probus. Of these, Sabbatius was beaten with scourges at Antioch, by order of the Governor Atticus, until he gave up his spirit; Trophimus, however, was sent to Synnada, in Phrygia, to the Governor Perennius, and there, after many tortures, together with the Senator Dorymedon, completed his martyrdom by beheading.
At Eleutheropolis, in Palestine, Saint Susanna, Virgin and Martyr, who, born of Arthemius, a priest of idols, and a Jewish woman Martha, was converted to the Christian faith after her parents died, and on account of that same faith was variously tortured by the Prefect Alexander and thrust into prison, where, praying, she passed to her Spouse.
At Cordoba, in Spain, Saint Pomposa, Virgin and Martyr, who, in the Arab persecution, was beheaded by the sword for her fearless confession of Christ, and obtained the palm.
At Canterbury, Saint Theodore, Bishop, who, sent to England by the blessed Pope Vitalian, shone forth in learning and holiness.
At Tours, in Gaul, Saint Eustochius, Bishop, a man of great virtues.
In the territory of Langres, Saint Sequanus, Priest and Confessor.
At Barcelona, in Spain, Blessed Mary de Cervellione, Virgin, of the Order of Our Lady of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives; who, on account of the ready help she bestows on those who invoke her, is commonly called Mary of Succor.
In the village of Druelle, in the Diocese of Rodez, in Gaul, Saint Mary Guillelmine Emilie de Rodat, Virgin, Foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Holy Family, most devoted to the education of girls and the relief of the poor, who was numbered among the holy Virgins by Pope Pius XII.
September 20
The Vigil of Saint Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist.
At Rome, the passion of the holy Martyrs Eustace and his wife Theopistis, with their two sons Agapitus and Theopistus, who, under the Emperor Hadrian, were condemned to the wild beasts, but by the help of God were in no way harmed by them; at last, enclosed in a red-hot brazen bull, they completed their martyrdom.
At Cyzicus, on the Propontis, the feast of the holy Martyrs Fausta, Virgin, and Evilasius, under the Emperor Maximian; of whom Fausta, by the same Evilasius, a priest of idols, was shaved bald and stripped to shame, suspended and tortured. Then, when he wished to cut her in two, and the executioners were unable to harm her, Evilasius, astonished, believed in Christ; and, while he too was being fiercely tortured by order of the Emperor, Fausta, having her head pierced, nails driven through her whole body, and being placed on a burning pan, at last, with the same Evilasius calling her with a voice from heaven, passed to the Lord.
In Phrygia, the holy Martyrs Dionysius and Privatus.
Also Saint Priscus, Martyr, who, pierced through with daggers, was beheaded.
At Perga, in Pamphylia, the holy Theodore, and his mother Philippa, and their Companion Martyrs, under the Emperor Antoninus.
At Carthage, Saint Candida, Virgin and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Maximian, her whole body torn with wounds, was crowned with martyrdom.
At Milan, Saint Glicerius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Rome, the Translation of the body of Saint Agapitus I, Pope and Confessor, from the city of Constantinople, in which the Pontiff had fallen asleep in the Lord on the tenth day before the Kalends of May.
September 21
In Ethiopia, the feast of Saint Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist, who, while preaching in that region, suffered martyrdom. His Gospel, written in the Hebrew language, was found, by the revelation of Matthew himself, together with the body of the blessed Apostle Barnabas, in the time of the Emperor Zeno.
In the land of Saar, the holy Prophet Jonah, who is buried in Gath. In Ethiopia, Saint Iphigenia, Virgin, who, baptized by the blessed Apostle Matthew and consecrated to God, rested with a holy end.
At Rome, Saint Pamphilus, Martyr.
On the same day, on the Via Claudia, at the twentieth milestone from the City, the passion of Saint Alexander, Bishop, who, under the Emperor Antoninus, for the faith of Christ, overcame chains, clubs, the rack, burning lamps, the tearing of iron claws, wild beasts, and the flames of a furnace, and at last, struck by the sword, attained a glorious life. His body was afterward translated to the City by the blessed Pope Damasus on the sixth day before the Kalends of December.
In Cyprus, Saint Isaac, Bishop and Martyr.
In Phoenicia, Saint Eusebius, Martyr, who, having gone of his own accord to the Prefect and declared himself to be a Christian, was afflicted by him with many torments and beheaded.
In Cyprus, Saint Meletius, Bishop and Confessor.
September 22
Saint Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine, Bishop of Valencia and Confessor; whose feast day is recalled on the sixth day before the Ides of September.
At Sion, in Gaul, at the place of Agaunum, the feast of the holy Theban Martyrs Maurice, Exuperius, Candidus, Victor, Innocent, and Vitalis, with their Companions of the same legion; who, under Maximian, put to death for Christ, illuminated the world with their glorious passion.
At Rome, the passion of the holy Virgins and Martyrs Digna and Emerita, under Valerian and Gallienus; whose relics are preserved in the Church of Saint Marcellus.
At Regensburg, in Bavaria, Saint Emmeram, Bishop and Martyr, who, to set others free, patiently endured a most cruel death for the cause of Christ.
At the village of Castrense, Saint Jonas, Priest and Martyr, who, having set out for Gaul with Saint Dionysius, was there beaten with blows by order of the Prefect Julian, and completed his martyrdom by the sword.
At Antinopolis, in Egypt, Saint Irais, a Virgin of Alexandria, and her Companion Martyrs. The Virgin herself, having gone out to draw water from a nearby spring, and seeing a ship laden with Confessors of Christ, immediately left her water jar and joined them, and, being led together with them into the city, was the first of all, after many torments, to be beheaded; then the Priests, Deacons, Virgins, and all the rest were put to death in the same manner.
At Rome, Saint Felix IV, Pope, who labored greatly for the Catholic faith.
At the city of Meaux, the blessed Sanctinus, Bishop, who was a disciple of Saint Dionysius the Areopagite; and, consecrated by him as Bishop of that city, was the first to preach the Gospel there.
In the territory of Coutances, in Gaul, Saint Lauto, Bishop.
On Mount Glonne, on the Loire River, in Gaul, Saint Florentius, Priest.
In the town called Levroux, in the territory of Bourges, Saint Silvanus, Confessor.
At Laon, in Gaul, Saint Salaberga, Abbess.
September 23
At Rome, Saint Linus, Pope and Martyr, who, the first after the blessed Apostle Peter, governed the Roman Church, and, crowned with martyrdom, was buried in the Vatican, near the same Apostle.
At Iconium, in Lycaonia, Saint Thecla, Virgin and Martyr, who, brought to the faith by the holy Apostle Paul, overcame fires and wild beasts, under the Emperor Nero, in the confession of Christ; and, after conquering very many struggles for the instruction of many, came to Seleucia, and there rested in peace. The holy Fathers celebrated her with the highest praises.
In Spain, the holy women Xanthippe and Polyxena, who were disciples of the Apostles.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Andrew, John, Peter, and Antony.
At Ancona, Saint Constantius, a sacristan of the church, distinguished for the grace of miracles.
In Campania, the commemoration of the blessed Sosius, Deacon of Misenum, whom the holy Bishop Januarius, seeing a flame rise from his head as he was reading the Gospel in the church, foretold would be a Martyr; and, not many days later, Sosius himself, being thirty years old, received martyrdom by beheading together with the same Bishop.
At Scissy, in the territory of Coutances in Gaul, likewise the Commemoration of Saint Paternus, Bishop of Avranches and Confessor; whose feast day is recalled on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of May.
September 24
The Feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary, called Our Lady of Mercy, Foundress of the Order for the Redemption of Captives under her name, whose Apparition is commemorated on the fourth day before the Ides of August.
At Brescia, the burial of Saint Anatalon, Bishop, who, a disciple of the blessed Apostle Barnabas, succeeded him as Bishop of the Church of Milan.
In Pannonia, Saint Gerard, Bishop of the See of Morisena and Martyr, called the Apostle of the Hungarians, a Venetian patrician; who, while traveling from the town of Csanad to Szekesfehervar, was attacked near the Danube River by unbelievers, overwhelmed with stones, and at last pierced through with a lance and died, and thus was the first to illuminate his adopted country with a noble martyrdom.
At Autun, the feast of the holy Martyrs Andochius, Priest, Thyrsus, Deacon, and Felix. These, sent from the East by the blessed Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, to teach Gaul, were there most harshly beaten with scourges, and suspended the whole day with their hands reversed, and cast into the fire, but not burned; at last their necks were struck with clubs, and so the Martyrs were most gloriously crowned.
In Egypt, the passion of Saints Paphnutius and his Companion Martyrs. He himself, living a life of solitude, when he heard that many Christians were being held in chains, voluntarily, moved by the divine Spirit, presented himself to the Prefect and freely professed the Christian religion. By order of the Prefect, he was first bound with iron chains and tortured on the rack for a very long time, then sent with many others to Diocletian, by whose command he was nailed to a palm tree, while the rest were slain by the sword.
At Chalcedon, forty-nine holy Martyrs, who, after the martyrdom of Saint Euphemia, under the Emperor Diocletian, were condemned to the beasts, and, when they had escaped from them unharmed by divine power, were at last struck down by the sword and departed to heaven.
At Clermont, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Rusticus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Flaviac, in the territory of Beauvais, Saint Geremarus, Priest and Abbot.
At Settempeda, in Picenum, the burial of Saint Pacificus, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor, a man of extraordinary patience and renowned for his love of solitude, whom Pope Gregory XVI enrolled in the canon of Saints.
September 25
At the town of Emmaus, the birthday of blessed Cleophas, who was a disciple of Christ. They relate that in the same house in which he had prepared a table for the Lord, he was slain by the Jews for professing Him, and was buried with glorious remembrance.
At Amiens, in Gaul, blessed Firminus, Bishop, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Rictiovarus, after various torments, received martyrdom by beheading.
On the same day, on the Claudian Way, Saint Herculanus, soldier and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Antoninus, was converted to Christ by the miracles during the passion of blessed Alexander the Bishop, and, for his confession of the faith, after many torments, was struck down by the sword.
At Damascus, the holy Martyrs Paul, and his wife Tatta, and their sons Sabinianus, Maximus, Rufus, and Eugenius, who, accused of the Christian religion, were tortured with beatings and other punishments, and gave up their souls to God amid their sufferings.
In Asia, the passion of Saints Bardomianus, Eucarpus, and twenty-six other Martyrs.
At Lyon, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Lupus, who from being an anchorite was made Bishop.
At Auxerre, Saint Anacharius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Blois, in Gaul, Saint Solemnius, Bishop of Chartres, renowned for miracles.
On the same day, Saint Principius, who was Bishop of Soissons and brother of blessed Bishop Remigius.
At Anagni, the holy Virgins Aurelia and Neomisia.
September 26
At Nicomedia, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Cyprian and the Virgin Justina. She, under the Emperor Diocletian and the Governor Eutolmius, after enduring much for Christ, also converted Cyprian himself to the Christian faith -- he who had been a magician and had attempted to bewitch her with his magical arts. With him she afterward received martyrdom. Their bodies, which had been thrown to the wild beasts, were carried off by night by certain Christian sailors and brought to Rome; they were later transferred to the Constantinian Basilica and buried near the Baptistery.
At Rome, Saint Callistratus the Martyr, and forty-nine other soldiers. These soldiers, during the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian, when Callistratus, having been sewn into a leather sack and cast into the sea, escaped unharmed by divine aid, were converted to the Christian religion, and together with him underwent martyrdom.
At Bologna, Saint Eusebius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Brescia, Saint Vigilius, Bishop.
In the Tusculan territory, blessed Nilus the Abbot, who was the founder of the monastery of Grottaferrata and a man of great holiness.
At Tiferno, in Umbria, Saint Amantius, Priest, illustrious for the power of his miracles.
At Albano, Saint Senator.
September 27
At Aegeae, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Cosmas and Damian, brothers, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, after many torments, bonds, and imprisonments, after divinely overcoming the sea and fires, crosses, stoning, and arrows, were beheaded. With them are also recorded as having suffered their three blood brothers, namely Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius.
At Paris, likewise the birthday of Saint Vincent de Paul, Priest and Confessor, Founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Mission and of the Daughters of Charity, an apostolic man and father of the poor; whom Pope Leo XIII appointed heavenly Patron before God of all societies of charity existing throughout the entire Catholic world and in any way deriving from the same Saint. His feast, however, is celebrated on July 19th.
At Byblos, in Phoenicia, Saint Mark the Bishop, who is also called John by blessed Luke, and was the son of that blessed Mary whose memory is recorded on June 29th.
At Milan, Saint Cajus, Bishop, who was a disciple of blessed Barnabas the Apostle; and, having suffered much in the persecution of Nero, rested in peace.
At Rome, Saint Epicharis, a woman of senatorial rank, who, in the same persecution of Diocletian, was beaten with leaden scourges and struck with the sword.
At Todi, in Umbria, the holy Martyrs Fidentius and Terentius, under the same Diocletian.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Adulphus and John, brothers, who, in the Arab persecution, were crowned for Christ; and, animated by their example, the blessed Virgin Aurea, their sister, was brought back to the faith, and she herself afterward bravely underwent martyrdom on July 19th.
At Sion, in Gaul, Saint Florentinus the Martyr, who, together with blessed Hilary, after having his tongue cut out, was ordered to be struck with the sword.
At Ravenna, Saint Aderitus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Paris, Saint Elzear, Count.
In Hainaut, Saint Hiltrudis, Virgin.
September 28
At Old Boleslav, in Bohemia, Saint Wenceslaus, Duke of the Bohemians and Martyr, glorious in holiness and miracles, who, slain by the treachery of his brother, attained the victor's palm.
At Rome, Saint Privatus the Martyr, who, covered with sores, was healed by blessed Pope Callistus; afterward, under the Emperor Alexander, he was beaten to death with leaden scourges for the faith of Christ.
Also at Rome, Saint Stacteus the Martyr.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Martial, Laurence, and twenty others.
At Antioch of Pisidia, Saint Mark the Martyr, a shepherd of sheep; and likewise the commemoration of Saints Alphius, Alexander, and Zosimus, brothers, Nicon, Neon, Heliodorus, and thirty soldiers, who, having believed in Christ through the miracles of blessed Mark, were crowned with martyrdom in various places and on various days and in various ways.
On the same day, the passion of Saint Maximus, under the Emperor Decius.
At Toulouse, Saint Exuperius, Bishop and Confessor; how sparing this blessed man was toward himself and how generous toward others, Saint Jerome recorded in a memorable account.
At Genoa, Saint Solomon, Bishop and Confessor.
At Brescia, Saint Silvinus, Bishop.
At Bethlehem of Judah, Saint Eustochium, Virgin, who with blessed Paula, her mother, set out from the city of Rome to Palestine; and there, nurtured at the Manger of the Lord with other Virgins, shining with distinguished merits, she departed to the Lord.
At Schornsheim, near Mainz, Saint Lioba, Virgin, renowned for miracles.
September 29
On Mount Gargano, the venerable commemoration of blessed Michael the Archangel, when a church was consecrated there in his name, humble indeed in its outward appearance, but outstanding in heavenly power.
At Auxerre, Saint Fraternus, Bishop and Martyr.
In Thrace, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Eutychius, Plautus, and Heraclea.
In Persia, the holy Martyrs Dadas, one of the kinsmen of King Sapor, his wife Casdoa, and their son Gabdelas; who, stripped of their honors and torn apart by various torments, at last, after long imprisonments, were put to death by the sword.
In Armenia, the holy Virgins Rhipsime and her Companion Martyrs, under King Tiridates.
In Persia, Saint Gudelia the Martyr, who, having converted very many to Christ and having refused to worship the Sun and Fire, therefore, under King Sapor, after many torments, with the skin of her head torn off and nailed to a wooden beam, merited to obtain the triumph.
At Pontecorvo, near Aquino, Saint Grimoald, Priest and Confessor.
In Palestine, Saint Cyriacus, Anchorite.
September 30
At Bethlehem of Judah, the burial of Saint Jerome, Priest, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, who, having mastered the study of all branches of learning and having become an imitator of approved monks, slew many monstrous heresies with the sword of his teaching. At last, having lived to a very advanced age, he rested in peace and was buried at the Manger of the Lord. His body was afterward brought to Rome and laid to rest in the Basilica of Saint Mary Major.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Francis Borgia, Priest and Confessor, who was Superior General of the Society of Jesus, and was a man memorable for the austerity of his life, the gift of prayer, and for having renounced worldly and refused ecclesiastical dignities. His feast, however, is celebrated on October 10th.
At Lisieux, in Gaul, likewise the birthday of Saint Therese of the Infant Jesus, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites; whom, most illustrious for the innocence and simplicity of her life, Pope Pius XI enrolled in the register of holy Virgins, declared the special Patroness of all Missions, and decreed that her feast should be observed on October 3rd.
At Rome, Saint Leopardus the Martyr, who was of the household of Julian the Apostate; whose head was cut off, and whose body was afterward transferred to Aachen.
At Solothurn, in Gaul, the passion of the holy Martyrs Victor and Ursus, of the glorious Theban Legion, who, under the Emperor Maximian, were first tortured with dreadful punishments, but, as a heavenly light shone upon them and the executioners fell to the ground, they were delivered; then they were cast into fire, but were in no way harmed; finally they were put to death by the sword.
At Piacenza, Saint Antoninus the Martyr, of the same legion.
On the same day, Saint Gregory, Bishop of Greater Armenia, who, under Diocletian, suffered much; and at last, in the time of the Emperor Constantine the Great, rested in peace.
At Canterbury, in England, Saint Honorius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Rome, Saint Sophia, Widow, mother of the holy Virgins and Martyrs Faith, Hope, and Charity.
October
October 1
Saint Remigius, Bishop of Rheims and Confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on January 13th, but is chiefly honored on this day on account of the translation of his body.
At Rome, blessed Aretas the Martyr, and five hundred and four others.
At Tournai, in Gaul, Saint Piaton, Priest and Martyr, who, for the sake of preaching, traveled with blessed Quintin and his companions from the city of Rome to Gaul, and afterward, in the persecution of Maximian, having completed his martyrdom, departed to the Lord.
At Tomi, in Pontus, the holy Martyrs Priscus, Crescens, and Evagrius.
At Lisbon, in Lusitania, the holy Martyrs Verissimus, Maxima, and Julia, his sisters, who suffered in the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian. At Thessalonica, Saint Domninus the Martyr, under the Emperor Maximian.
At Orvieto, Saint Severus, Priest and Confessor.
At Ghent, Saint Bavo, Confessor.
October 2
The Feast of the Holy Guardian Angels.
At Rome, the passion of Saint Modestus of Sardinia, Deacon and Martyr, who, under the Emperor Diocletian, was tortured on the rack and burned with fire. His body, afterward transferred to Benevento, was placed in a church named in his honor.
In the territory of Arras, likewise the passion of blessed Leodegar, Bishop of Autun; whom Ebroin, Mayor of the Palace of King Theodoric, having afflicted him with various insults and different punishments for the sake of truth, ordered to be put to death.
At Nicomedia, Saint Eleutherius, soldier and Martyr, with innumerable others; who, when the palace of Diocletian had been consumed by fire and they were falsely accused of this crime, were all, by order of the same most savage Emperor, put to death in great numbers. Of these, some were beheaded with swords, others were burned with fire, others were cast into the sea; but among them Eleutherius was first, and as he grew stronger through each successive torment and prolonged torture, he completed the martyrdom of his victory, tested by fire like gold.
At Antioch, the holy Martyrs Primus, Cyril, and Secundarius.
On the same day, Saint Gerinus the Martyr, who was the brother of blessed Leodegar, Bishop of Autun, and, by order of the same Ebroin, was stoned to death.
At Constantinople, Saint Theophilus the Monk, who, for the defense of the holy Images, was most savagely beaten by Leo the Isaurian and driven into exile, and departed to the Lord.
October 3
Saint Therese of the Infant Jesus, Virgin, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, special Patroness of all Missions; whose birthday is recorded on September 30th.
At Rome, at the Ursum Pileatum, Saint Candidus the Martyr.
Among the ancient Saxons, the holy Martyrs the two Ewalds, who, being priests and having begun to preach Christ there, were seized by the pagans and slain; at whose bodies a great light appeared by night for a long time, declaring both where they were and of what merit they were.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Dionysius, Faustus, Cajus, Peter, Paul, and four others, who first, under Decius, suffered many things, and at last, under Valerian, long tormented by the Governor Aemilianus, merited the palm of martyrdom.
In Africa, Saint Maximian, Bishop of Bagae, who, having suffered the most savage treatment again and again from the Donatists, was at last hurled from a high tower and left for dead; but, afterward gathered up by passersby and healed by devoted care, he did not cease to defend the Catholic faith, until, illustrious with the glory of his confession, he rested in the Lord.
At Leon, in Spain, Saint Froilan, Bishop of that same city, renowned for his zeal in spreading the monastic life, his generosity to the poor, and his other virtues and miracles.
In the diocese of Namur, among the Belgians, Saint Gerard, Abbot.
In Palestine, Saint Hesychius, Confessor, who was the disciple of Saint Hilarion and his companion in pilgrimage.
At Savona, in Liguria, Saint Mary Josepha Rossello, Foundress of the Institute of the Daughters of Our Lady of Mercy, whom, renowned for her works of charity, Pope Pius XII numbered among the holy Virgins.
October 4
At Assisi, in Umbria, the birthday of Saint Francis, Deacon and Confessor, who was the Founder of three Orders, namely the Friars Minor, the Poor Ladies, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. His life, full of holiness and miracles, was written by Saint Bonaventure.
At Corinth, likewise the birthday of Saints Crispus and Cajus, whom Saint Paul the Apostle mentions when writing to the Corinthians.
At Athens, Saint Hierotheus, who was a disciple of blessed Paul the Apostle himself.
At Damascus, Saint Peter, Bishop and Martyr, who, accused before the Prince of the Saracens of teaching the faith of Christ, therefore, with his tongue, hands, and feet cut off, was nailed to a cross and completed his martyrdom.
At Alexandria, the holy Priests and Deacons Cajus, Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, Lucius, and their Companions; of whom some, in the persecution of Valerian, were made Martyrs, while others, serving the Martyrs, received the reward of Martyrs.
In Egypt, the holy Martyrs Mark and Marcian, brothers, and almost innumerable others of both sexes and every age; of whom some after beatings, others after horrible tortures of various kinds were delivered to the flames, others were cast into the sea, some were beheaded, very many were wasted by starvation, others were nailed to crosses, and some even, hung head downward with their feet raised on high, merited the most blessed crown of martyrdom.
At Bologna, Saint Petronius, Bishop and Confessor, who was renowned for his teaching, miracles, and holiness.
At Paris, Saint Aurea, Virgin.
October 5
At Messina, in Sicily, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Placidus the Monk, one of the disciples of blessed Abbot Benedict, and his brothers Eutychius and Victorinus, and their sister Flavia the Virgin, and likewise Donatus, Firmatus the Deacon, Faustus, and thirty other monks, who were all slain by the pirate Manucha for the faith of Christ.
At Smyrna, likewise the birthday of blessed Thraseas, Bishop of Eumenia, who completed his martyrdom.
At Auxerre, the burial of the holy siblings Firmatus the Deacon, and Flaviana the Virgin.
At Trier, the holy Martyrs Palmatius and his Companions, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Rictiovarus, underwent martyrdom.
On the same day, the passion of Saint Charitina the Virgin, who, under the Emperor Diocletian and the Consular Domitius, was tortured by fire and cast into the sea, and, when she had escaped from there unharmed, at last, with her hands and feet cut off and her teeth torn out, she gave up her spirit in prayer.
At Ravenna, Saint Marcellinus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Valence, in Gaul, Saint Apollinaris, Bishop, whose life was illustrious for its virtues, and whose death was adorned with signs and wonders.
On the same day, Saint Attilanus, Bishop of Zamora, whom blessed Pope Urban II enrolled in the number of Saints.
At Rome, Saint Galla, Widow, daughter of the Consul Symmachus, who, after the death of her husband, remained for many years at the Church of blessed Peter, devoted to prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and other holy works; whose most blessed passing Pope Saint Gregory described.
October 6
At the monastery of La Torre, in the diocese of Squillace, in Calabria, Saint Bruno, Confessor, who was the founder of the Carthusian Order.
At Laodicea, in Phrygia, blessed Sagaris, Bishop and Martyr, who was one of the early disciples of Paul the Apostle.
At Auxerre, Saint Romanus, Bishop and Martyr.
At Capua, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Marcellus, Castus, Aemilius, and Saturninus.
At Trier, the commemoration of almost innumerable Martyrs, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Rictiovarus, were put to death by various kinds of execution for the faith of Christ.
At Agen, in Gaul, the birthday of Saint Faith, Virgin and Martyr, by whose example blessed Caprasius, emboldened to martyrdom, happily completed his contest on October 20th.
Also Saint Erotis the Martyr, who, inflamed with love of Christ, overcame the conflagration of fire.
At Oderzo, in the Venetian territory, Saint Magnus, Bishop, whose body rests at Venice.
At Naples, in Campania, the burial of Saint Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Virgin, of the Third Order of Saint Francis, who, renowned for her virtues and miracles, was enrolled among the holy Virgins by [blessed] Pope Pius IX.
October 7
The Feast of the Most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary; and likewise the commemoration of Saint Mary of Victory, which Saint Pope Pius V instituted to be observed annually, on account of the remarkable victory won by the Christians in a naval battle on this very day over the Turks, with the aid of the same most holy Mother of God.
At Rome, on the Ardeatine Way, the burial of Saint Mark, Pope and Confessor.
In the province called Augusta Euphratensis, the holy Martyrs Sergius and Bacchus, noble Romans, under the Emperor Maximian. Of these, Bacchus was beaten so long with raw sinews that, with his whole body torn apart, he gave up his spirit in the confession of Christ. Sergius, however, had his feet shod with nail-studded boots, and, as he remained steadfast in the faith, when sentence was passed, he was ordered to be beheaded. The place where blessed Sergius rests was called Sergiopolis in his name, and, on account of its illustrious miracles, is honored by the frequent gathering of Christians.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Marcellus and Apuleius, who at first indeed adhered to Simon the Magician; but, seeing the wonders that the Lord worked through the Apostle Peter, both of them, abandoning Simon, gave themselves over to the Apostolic teaching, and, after the passion of the Apostles, under the Consular Aurelian, obtained the crown of martyrdom, and were buried not far from the City.
Also in Augusta Euphratensis, Saint Julia the Virgin, who, under the Governor Marcianus, completed her martyrdom.
At Padua, Saint Justina, Virgin and Martyr, who, having been baptized by blessed Prosdocimus, a disciple of Saint Peter, and persisting steadfastly in the faith of Christ, was pierced through with a sword by order of the Governor Maximus, and departed to the Lord.
At Bourges, in Aquitaine, Saint Augustus, Priest and Confessor.
In the district of Rheims, Saint Helanus, Priest.
In Sweden, the Translation of the body of Saint Bridget, Widow.
October 8
Saint Bridget, Widow, whose birthday is recorded on July 23rd, and whose Translation on October 7th.
On the same day, the birthday of blessed Simeon the Elder, who in the Gospel is recorded to have received the Lord Jesus, when He was presented in the Temple, into his arms and to have prophesied concerning Him.
At Laodicea, in Phrygia, Saint Artemon, Priest, who received the crown of martyrdom through fire under Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, Saint Demetrius the Proconsul, who, because he was bringing very many to the faith of Christ, was therefore pierced with lances by order of the Emperor Maximian and completed his martyrdom.
In the same place, Saint Nestor the Martyr.
At Seville, in Spain, Saint Peter the Martyr.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the passion of Saint Reparata, Virgin and Martyr, who, because she refused to sacrifice to idols, under the Emperor Decius, was tortured with various kinds of torments, and at last was struck with the sword. Her soul was seen to depart from her body in the form of a dove and ascend to heaven.
In the territory of Laon, the birthday of Saint Benedicta, Virgin and Martyr.
At Ancona, Saints Palatias and Laurentia, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Dio, were deported into exile and were consumed by hardships and sufferings.
At Rouen, Saint Evodius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Jerusalem, Saint Pelagia, surnamed the Penitent.
October 9
At Rome, Saint John Leonardi, Confessor, Founder of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, renowned for his labors and miracles, through whose efforts the Missions of the Propagation of the Faith were established.
At Paris, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Dionysius the Areopagite, Bishop, Rusticus, Priest, and Eleutherius, Deacon. Of these, Dionysius, baptized by the Apostle Paul, was ordained the first Bishop of the Athenians; then he came to Rome, and from there was sent by blessed Clement, the Roman Pontiff, to Gaul for the sake of preaching, and arrived at the aforesaid city. There, after faithfully carrying on for several years the work entrusted to him, at last, by the Prefect Fescenninus, after the most grievous kinds of torments, together with his Companions, he was put to death by the sword and completed his martyrdom.
On the same day, the memory of Saint Abraham, Patriarch and Father of all who believe.
At Monte Cassino, Saint Deusdedit, Abbot, who, having been thrust into prison by the tyrant Sicardus, there, consumed by hunger and hardships, gave up his spirit.
At Fidenza, in the territory of Parma, on the Claudian Way, Saint Domninus the Martyr, who, under the Emperor Maximian, when he wished to escape the fury of the persecution, was seized by his pursuers, and, pierced through with a sword, fell gloriously.
In Hainaut, Saint Ghislain, Bishop and Confessor, who, having relinquished his bishopric, practiced the monastic life in a monastery built by himself, and was renowned for many virtues.
At Valencia, in Tarraconensian Spain, Saint Louis Bertrand, of the Order of Preachers, Confessor, who, renowned for his apostolic spirit, confirmed the Gospel which he had preached to the peoples of America by the innocence of his life and many miracles.
At Jerusalem, Saints Andronicus and his wife Athanasia.
At Antioch, Saint Publia, Abbess, who, as Julian the Apostate was passing by, singing with her Virgins that verse of David: 'The idols of the nations are silver and gold,' and 'Let those who make them become like them'; was, by order of the Emperor, struck with blows and severely rebuked.
October 10
Saint Francis Borgia, Priest of the Society of Jesus and Confessor, whose heavenly birthday is recorded on the day before the Kalends of October.
At Ceuta, in Mauretania Tingitana, the passion of seven holy Martyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, namely Daniel, Samuel, Angel, Leo, Nicholas, Hugolinus, and Domnus; all of whom except Domnus were Priests. There, on account of their preaching of the Gospel and their refutation of the Mohammedan sect, they endured insults, chains, and scourges from the Saracens, and at last, their heads having been cut off, they obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Cologne, Saint Gereon the Martyr, with three hundred and eighteen others, who, for the sake of true piety, in the persecution of Maximian, patiently bowed their necks to the sword.
In the territory of the same city, Saints Victor and his Companion Martyrs.
At Bonn, in Germany, the holy Martyrs Cassius and Florentius, with many others.
At Nicomedia, the holy Martyrs Eulampius and his sister Eulampia, a Virgin. She, when she heard that her brother was being tortured for Christ, leaped into the midst of the crowd, and, embracing her brother, joined herself to him as a companion. Both of them were cast into a cauldron of boiling oil, but were not harmed in any way. At last, together with two hundred others who, moved by that miracle, had believed in Christ, they completed their martyrdom by beheading.
On the island of Crete, Blessed Pinytus, most renowned among Bishops. He was Bishop of the city of Knossos, and flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. In his writings he left, as in a mirror, a living image of himself.
At York, in England, Saint Paulinus the Bishop, who was a disciple of Blessed Pope Gregory; and, having been sent there by him together with others to preach the Gospel, he converted King Edwin and his people to the faith of Christ.
At Populonia, in Tuscany, Saint Cerbonius, Bishop and Confessor, who (as Saint Pope Gregory relates) was renowned for miracles in both life and death.
At Verona, Saint Cerbonius the Bishop.
At Capua, Saint Paulinus the Bishop.
October 11
The Feast of the Motherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Tarsus, in Cilicia, the holy women Zenaida and Philonilla, sisters, who were blood relatives of Blessed Paul the Apostle and disciples in the faith.
In the district of Vexin, in Gaul, the passion of the holy Martyrs Nicasius, who was Bishop of Rouen, Quirinus the Priest, Scubiculus the Deacon, and Pientia the Virgin, under the Governor Fescenninus.
At Besancon, in Gaul, Saint Germanus, Bishop and Martyr.
Likewise, the passion of Saints Anastasius the Priest, Placidus, Genesius, and their Companions.
At Tarsus, in Cilicia, the heavenly birthday of the holy Martyrs Tarachus, Probus, and Andronicus, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, were long afflicted by the squalor of prison, and three times subjected to various torments and punishments, and at last, in the confession of Christ, with their necks severed, they obtained the triumph of glory.
In the Thebaid, Saint Sarmata, who was a disciple of Blessed Abbot Anthony, and was killed by the Saracens for Christ.
At Uzes, in Gallia Narbonensis, Saint Firminus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Calotium, in the diocese of Asti, formerly of Pavia, Saint Alexander Sauli, of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of Saint Paul, Bishop and Confessor; whom, renowned for his lineage, virtues, learning, and miracles, Pope Pius X inscribed in the register of the Saints.
In the monastery of Aghaboe, in Ireland, Saint Canice, Priest and Abbot.
At Lier, in Belgium, the burial of Saint Gummarus, Confessor.
At Rennes, in Gaul, Saint Aemilianus, Confessor.
At Verona, Saint Placidia the Virgin.
October 12
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Evagrius, Priscian, and their Companions.
In Africa, the holy Confessors and Martyrs, four thousand nine hundred and sixty-six in number, in the Vandal persecution under Hunneric, the Arian King. These, being partly Bishops of the Churches of God, partly Priests and Deacons, with crowds of the faithful people joined to them, were driven into exile in the horrible desert for the defense of Catholic truth. Very many of them, while being cruelly led by the Moors, were driven to run by the points of spears and beaten with stones; others, with their feet bound, were dragged like corpses through rough and harsh places and torn limb from limb; and at last, variously tortured, they completed their martyrdom. Among them the chief Priests of the Lord were the Bishops Felix and Cyprian.
At Ravenna, on the Via Lauretina, the heavenly birthday of Saint Edistius the Martyr.
In Lycia, Saint Domnina the Martyr, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Celenae, in Pannonia, Saint Maximilian, Bishop of Lorch.
At York, in England, Saint Wilfrid, Bishop and Confessor.
At Milan, Saint Monas the Bishop, who, when the election of a Bishop was being held, was surrounded by a heavenly light, and by that sign was miraculously chosen as the Pontiff of that Church.
At Verona, Saint Salvinus the Bishop.
In Syria, Saint Eustachius, Priest and Confessor.
At Ascoli, in Picenum, Saint Seraphinus the Confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, distinguished for the holiness and humility of his life; whom Pope Clement XIII inscribed in the register of the Saints.
October 13
Saint Edward, King of the English and Confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the Nones of January, but is chiefly venerated on this day on account of the Translation of his body.
At Troas, a city of Asia Minor, the heavenly birthday of Saint Carpus, who was a disciple of Blessed Paul the Apostle.
At Cordoba, in Spain, likewise the heavenly birthday of the holy Martyrs Faustus, Januarius, and Martialis; who, first tortured on the rack, then with their eyebrows shaved, their teeth pulled out, and their ears and noses also cut off, completed their martyrdom by the ordeal of fire.
At Thessalonica, Saint Florentius the Martyr, who, after various torments, was burned by fire.
At Stockerau, in Austria, Saint Colman the Martyr.
At Antioch, Saint Theophilus the Bishop, who held the pontificate of that same Church as sixth after Blessed Peter the Apostle.
At Tours, in Gaul, Saint Venantius, Abbot and Confessor.
At Subiaco, in Latium, Saint Chelidonia the Virgin.
October 14
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the heavenly birthday of Blessed Callixtus I, Pope and Martyr; who, by the command of the Emperor Alexander, was long tormented by hunger in prison and beaten daily with clubs, and at last, thrown from a window of the house in which he was held, and plunged into a well, he merited the triumph of victory.
At Rimini, Saint Gaudentius, Bishop and Martyr.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, Saints Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian, brothers of Blessed Fortunata, who, slain by the sword, together received the crown of martyrdom.
Likewise, Saints Saturninus and Lupus.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, Saint Fortunata, Virgin and Martyr, and sister of the aforementioned Martyrs Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscian; who, in the persecution of Diocletian, after overcoming the rack, fire, wild beasts, and other torments, gave up her spirit to God. Her body was afterwards brought to Naples, in Campania.
At Todi, in Umbria, Saint Fortunatus the Bishop, who (as Blessed Pope Gregory relates) shone with the grace of immense power in driving out unclean spirits.
At Wurzburg, in Germany, Saint Burchard, who was the first Bishop of that city.
At Bruges in Flanders, Saint Donatian, Bishop of Rheims.
At Trier, Saint Rusticus the Bishop.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Justus, Bishop and Confessor, a man of wondrous holiness and prophetic spirit; who, having resigned his bishopric, withdrew into the desert of Egypt together with his Lector, Viator, and there, having lived a life close to that of the Angels for some years, when the worthy end of his labors had come, he departed to the Lord to receive the crown of justice. His holy body, together with the bones of Blessed Viator, who had been the minister of that same Bishop, was afterwards brought to Lyon on the fourth day before the Nones of September.
On the same day, the burial of Blessed Dominic Loricatus.
At Arpino, in Latium, Saint Bernard the Confessor.
October 15
At Alba, in Spain, Saint Teresa the Virgin, who was the mother and teacher of the Brothers and Sisters of the Carmelite Order of the stricter observance.
At Krakow, in Poland, the heavenly birthday of Saint Hedwig, Widow and Duchess of Poland, who, devoted to the service of the poor, was also renowned for miracles; and was inscribed in the number of the Saints by Pope Clement IV. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, Saint Fortunatus the Martyr.
In Prussia, Saint Bruno, Bishop of the Ruthenians and Martyr; who, while preaching the Gospel in that region, was seized by impious men, and, with his hands and feet cut off, was beheaded.
At Cologne, the heavenly birthday of three hundred holy Martyrs, who, in the persecution of Maximian, completed the course of their struggle.
At Carthage, Saint Agileus the Martyr, on whose feast day Saint Augustine delivered a discourse about him to the people.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Antiochus the Bishop, who, having vigorously administered the summit of the pontificate to which he had been raised, attained the heavenly kingdom.
At Trier, Saint Severus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Strasbourg, Saint Aurelia the Virgin.
In Germany, Saint Thecla, Abbess and Virgin, who, having been placed over the monasteries of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt, departed to heaven laden with many merits.
October 16
Saint Hedwig, Widow and Duchess of Poland, who fell asleep in the Lord on the day before this.
In the monastery of Montier-en-Der, in Gaul, Saint Bercharius, Abbot and Martyr.
In Africa, two hundred and seventy holy Martyrs, crowned together.
In the same place, Saints Martinian and Saturian, with their two brothers; who, during the time of the Vandal persecution, under the Arian King Genseric, being slaves of a certain Vandal and having been converted to the faith of Christ by the holy Virgin Maxima, their fellow slave, were all, by their heretical master, for the constancy of the Catholic faith, first beaten with knotted clubs and torn to the bone. But, though they suffered such things for a long time, and on the following day were nevertheless always found unharmed, they were at last banished into exile; where, having converted many of the barbarians to the faith of Christ and having obtained from the Roman Pontiff a Priest and other ministers to baptize them, they were finally ordered to perish together, with their feet bound behind running chariots, among the thorny places of the forests. But Maxima, after overcoming many struggles, was divinely freed, and rested in a holy end in a monastery as the Mother of many Virgins.
Likewise, Saints Saturninus, Nereus, and three hundred and sixty-five other Martyrs.
At Cologne, Saint Eliphius the Martyr, under Julian the Apostate.
In the territory of Bourges, Saint Ambrose, Bishop of Cahors.
At Mainz, Saint Lullus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Trier, Saint Florentinus the Bishop.
At Arbon, in Germany, Saint Gall the Abbot, who was a disciple of Blessed Columban.
At Muro, in Lucania, Saint Gerard Majella, Confessor, a professed lay brother of the Congregation called of the Most Holy Redeemer, whom, renowned for miracles, Pope Pius X enrolled in the register of the Saints.
October 17
At Paray, in the diocese of Autun, Saint Margaret Mary Alacoque, who, having professed the Order of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, excelled with outstanding merits in spreading devotion to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus and in advancing His public worship; and was enrolled in the register of holy Virgins by Pope Benedict XV.
At Antioch, the heavenly birthday of Saint Heron, who was a disciple of Blessed Ignatius; and, having been made Bishop after him, as a devout imitator he followed the path of his master, and as a lover of Christ he died for the flock entrusted to him.
On the same day, the passion of Saints Victor, Alexander, and Marian.
In Persia, Saint Mamelta the Martyr, who, having been converted from the worship of idols to the faith by an angelic admonition, was stoned by the pagans and plunged into a deep lake.
At Orange, in Gaul, Saint Florentius the Bishop, who, renowned for many virtues, rested in peace.
October 18
In Bithynia, the heavenly birthday of Blessed Luke the Evangelist, who, having suffered much for the name of Christ, died full of the Holy Spirit. His bones were afterwards translated to Constantinople, and from there brought to Padua.
At Rome, likewise the heavenly birthday of Saint Paul of the Cross, Priest and Confessor; who was the Founder of the Congregation called of the Cross and Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ. Him, indeed, conspicuous for wondrous innocence and penance and inflamed with singular love for Christ crucified, Pope Pius IX added to the register of the Saints, and appointed his feast to be celebrated on the fourth day before the Kalends of May.
At Arenas, in Spain, likewise the heavenly birthday of Saint Peter of Alcantara, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor; whom, on account of his admirable penance and many miracles, Pope Clement IX inscribed in the number of the Saints. His feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
At Antioch, Saint Asclepiades the Bishop, who was one of that illustrious number of Martyrs who suffered gloriously under Macrinus.
At Neocaesarea, in Pontus, Saint Athenodorus the Bishop, who was the brother of Saint Gregory Thaumaturgus; and, renowned for his learning, completed his martyrdom in the persecution of Aurelian.
At Saint-Just-en-Chaussee, in the territory of Beauvais, Saint Justus the Martyr, who, while still a boy, in the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian, under the Governor Rictiovarus, was beheaded.
At Rome, Saint Tryphonia, who was formerly the wife of the Caesar Decius and the mother of Saint Cyrilla, Virgin and Martyr; whose body was buried in a crypt beside Saint Hippolytus.
At Auriesville, in the State of New York, the holy Martyrs of the Society of Jesus, Isaac Jogues, Priest, and John de La Lande, temporal Coadjutor, who on this and the following day were cruelly killed by the Iroquois, in the same place where, a few years earlier, Rene Goupil, himself also a temporal Coadjutor, had obtained the palm of martyrdom.
On the borders of the region of Edessa, in Mesopotamia, the commemoration of Saint Julian the Hermit, surnamed Saba, of whom mention is also made on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of February.
October 19
Saint Peter of Alcantara, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor, who departed to heaven on the day before this.
At Rome, the heavenly birthday of the holy Martyrs Ptolemaeus and Lucius, under Marcus Antoninus. The former of these (as Justin Martyr writes), having converted an unchaste woman to the faith of Christ and taught her to practice chastity, was therefore accused by her impure husband before the Prefect Urbicius, and was worn down for a long time by the squalor of prison; and at last, when he bore public testimony to the teaching of Christ, he was ordered to be led to death. Lucius also, when he condemned the sentence of Urbicius and freely professed himself a Christian, received a similar sentence; and a third man was also joined to them, who was likewise condemned to the same punishment.
At Antioch, the holy Martyrs Beronicus, Pelagia the Virgin, and forty-nine others.
In Egypt, Saint Varus the soldier, who, under the Emperor Maximinus, while visiting and refreshing the seven holy Monks held in prison, wished, when one of them had died, to be substituted in his place; and so, suffering the most cruel torments with them, he obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Evreux, in Gaul, Saint Aquilinus, Bishop and Confessor.
In the territory of Orleans, the burial of Saint Veranus the Bishop.
At Salerno, Saint Eusterius the Bishop.
In the monastery of the forest of Nechtan, in Ireland, Saint Ethbin the Abbot.
At Oxford, in England, Saint Frideswide the Virgin.
October 20
Saint John Cantius, Priest and Confessor, who fell asleep in the Lord on the ninth day before the Kalends of January.
In the city of Aveia, near L'Aquila, in the Vestine region, the heavenly birthday of Blessed Maximus, Deacon and Martyr; who, out of a desire for suffering, openly showed himself to the persecutors who were searching for him, and, after steadfastness in his reply, was suspended on the rack and tortured, then beaten with clubs, and at last, thrown down from a high place, he died.
At Agen, in Gaul, Saint Caprasius the Martyr, who, while hiding in a cave to escape the fury of the persecution, at last, hearing how the Blessed Virgin Faith was struggling for Christ, and thereby encouraged to endure suffering, prayed to the Lord that, if He judged him worthy of the glory of martyrdom, the clearest water might flow from the rock of the cave; and when the Lord had granted this, he hastened with confidence to the arena of the contest, and by fighting bravely merited the palm of martyrdom under the Emperor Maximian.
At Antioch, Saint Artemius, the Imperial Commander, who, having held distinguished military honors under Constantine the Great, was ordered by Julian the Apostate, whom he had accused of cruelty against Christians, to be beaten with clubs, afflicted with other torments, and finally beheaded.
At Constantinople, Saint Andrew the Cretan, a Monk, who, for the veneration of sacred Images, under Constantine Copronymus, was repeatedly beaten, and at last, with one foot amputated, gave up his spirit.
At Cologne, the passion of the holy Virgins Martha and Saula, with many others.
At Nabancia, in Lusitania, Saint Irene, Virgin and Martyr; whose body was honorably buried in the town of Scalabis, which from then on remained distinguished by the name of this Saint.
At Aussonce, in the territory of Rheims, Saint Sindulphus, Priest and Confessor.
At Minden, in Germany, the Translation of Saint Felician, Bishop of Foligno and Martyr; a portion of whose sacred relics was deposited there, having been brought to Germany from the Umbrian city of Foligno, where he had once suffered on the ninth day before the Kalends of February.
At Paris, likewise the Translation of the holy Martyrs George the Deacon and Aurelius, from the Spanish city of Cordoba, in which of old, together with three other Companions, both had completed their martyrdom on the sixth day before the Kalends of August.
October 21
In Cyprus, the heavenly birthday of Saint Hilarion the Abbot, whose life, full of virtues and miracles, Saint Jerome wrote.
At Cologne, likewise the heavenly birthday of Saints Ursula and her Companions; who, killed by the Huns for the Christian religion and for the constancy of their virginity, completed their lives in martyrdom, and very many of their bodies were buried at Cologne.
At Ostia on the Tiber, Saint Asterius, Priest and Martyr; who (as is read in the passion of Blessed Pope Callixtus) suffered under the Emperor Alexander.
At Nicomedia, the heavenly birthday of Saints Dasius, Zoticus, Caius, and twelve other soldiers; who, after various torments, were plunged into the sea.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Viator, who was the minister of Blessed Justus, Bishop of Lyon.
At Maronia, near Antioch in Syria, Saint Malchus the Monk.
In the fortress of Laon, Saint Cilinia, the mother of Blessed Remigius, Bishop of Rheims.
October 22
At Jerusalem, Saint Mary Salome, the mother of the holy Apostles James and John, who is read of in the Gospel as being concerned about the Lord's burial.
Likewise at Jerusalem, Blessed Mark the Bishop, a most illustrious and learned man, who was the first from among the Gentiles to undertake the governance of the Church of Jerusalem, and, not long after, under the Emperor Antoninus, merited the palm of martyrdom.
At Adrianople, in Thrace, the heavenly birthday of the holy Martyrs Philip the Bishop, Severus the Priest, Eusebius, and Hermes; who, under Julian the Apostate, after imprisonment and scourging, were burned in a fire.
Likewise, the holy Martyrs Alexander the Bishop, Heraclius the soldier, and their Companions.
At Fermo, in Picenum, the heavenly birthday of Saint Philip, Bishop and Martyr.
At Cologne, Saint Cordula, who, being one of the companions of Saint Ursula, and having hidden herself, terrified by the punishments and slaughter of the others, on the next day, repenting of this, voluntarily revealed herself to the Huns, and, the last of all, received the crown of martyrdom.
At Huesca, in Spain, the holy Virgins Nunilo and Alodia, sisters, who, condemned to death by the Saracens for the confession of the faith, completed their martyrdom.
At Hierapolis, in Phrygia, Saint Abercius the Bishop, who flourished under the Emperor Marcus Antoninus.
At Rouen, Saint Melanius the Bishop, who, having been ordained by Saint Pope Stephen, was sent there to preach the Gospel.
In Tuscany, Saint Donatus the Scot, Bishop of Fiesole.
At Verona, Saint Verecundus, Bishop and Confessor.
October 23
At Villach, in Pannonia, the heavenly birthday of Saint John of Capistrano, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor, illustrious for the holiness of his life and his zeal for propagating the Catholic faith; who freed the fortress of Belgrade from siege by his prayers and miracles, after routing the very powerful army of the Turks. His feast, however, is celebrated on the fifth day before the Kalends of April.
At Antioch, likewise the heavenly birthday of Saint Theodore the Priest, who, seized in the persecution of the impious Julian, and, after the punishment of the rack and many most harsh tortures, also burned by torches placed against his sides, at last, since he persisted in the confession of Christ, completed his martyrdom by death by the sword.
At the estate of Ursonianus, near Cadiz, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Servandus and Germanus, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Vicar Viator, after beatings, the squalor of prison, the torment of hunger and thirst, and the labor of a very long journey which they endured laden with chains, at last completed the course of their martyrdom with their necks severed; of these, Germanus was buried at Merida, and Servandus at Seville.
At Constantinople, Saint Ignatius the Bishop, who, having rebuked the Caesar Bardas for having repudiated his wife, was subjected by him to many injuries and driven into exile; but, having been restored by Saint Nicholas, the Roman Pontiff, he at last rested in peace.
At Bordeaux, Saint Severinus, Bishop of Cologne and Confessor.
At Rouen, Saint Romanus the Bishop.
At Salerno, Saint Verus the Bishop.
In the territory of Amiens, Saint Domitius the Priest.
In the district of Poitiers, Saint Benedict the Confessor.
At Mantua, Blessed John Bonus, of the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine, Confessor; whose illustrious life Saint Antoninus wrote.
October 24
The Feast of Saint Raphael the Archangel, whose dignity and benefactions are celebrated in the sacred Book of Tobit.
At Venosa, in Apulia, the heavenly birthday of the holy Martyrs Felix, an African Bishop; Audactus and Januarius, Priests; Fortunatus and Septimus, Lectors. All of these, in the time of Diocletian, were worn down for a long time by many chains and imprisonments in Africa and Sicily by the Procurator Magdellianus, and, since Felix was absolutely unwilling to hand over the sacred Books according to the Emperor's edict, they were at last put to death by the sword.
At Tongres, in Belgium, Saint Evergislus, Bishop of Cologne and Martyr; who, having gone there on account of pastoral duty, was struck by an arrow from robbers and died, while going alone at night to the monastery of the Most Holy Mother of God, Mary, to pray.
In the city of Najran, among the Homerites, in Arabia, the passion of Saints Arethas and his three hundred and forty Companions, in the time of the Emperor Justin, under Dunaan, the Jewish tyrant. After them, a Christian woman was handed over to the fire; whose five-year-old son, while stammering out his confession of Christ and unable to be restrained by either blandishments or threats, threw himself headlong into the fire where his mother was burning.
At Constantinople, Saint Proclus, Bishop.
On the island of Sark, Saint Maglorius, Bishop, who there, having resigned the episcopal office which he had exercised for three years among the Britons scattered throughout Armorica, built a monastery in which he spent the remainder of his life in holiness; his body was afterward translated to Paris.
At the Monastery of Fontfroide, in the diocese of Carcassonne, in Gaul, Saint Anthony Mary Claret, formerly Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba, Founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary, renowned for his zeal for souls and his gentleness, whom Pope Pius XII inscribed in the catalogue of Saints.
At the monastery of Durin, in Gaul, Saint Martin, Deacon and Abbot, whose body was afterward brought thence to the monastery of Vertou.
In Campania, Saint Mark the Hermit, whose renowned works Pope Saint Gregory described.
October 25
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Chrysanthus and his wife Daria, who, after the many sufferings which they endured for Christ under the Prefect Celerinus, were ordered by the Emperor Numerian to be placed in a sand-pit on the Salarian Way, and there, while still alive, to be buried under earth and stones.
Likewise, the birthday of Saint Marcellinus, Pope and Martyr, who, under Maximian, for the faith of Christ, together with Claudius, Cyrinus, and Antoninus, was beheaded. At that time the persecution was so great that seventeen thousand Christians were crowned with martyrdom within a single month. His feast, however, together with that of Saint Cletus, Pope and Martyr, is celebrated on the sixth day before the Kalends of May.
At Perigueux, in Gaul, Saint Fronto, who, ordained Bishop by the blessed Apostle Peter, together with the priest George converted a great multitude of that people to Christ, and, renowned for miracles, rested in peace.
At Rome, the birthday of the forty-six holy soldiers, who, having been baptized together by Pope Saint Dionysius, were soon after beheaded by order of the Emperor Claudius and buried on the Salarian Way; where also one hundred and twenty-one other Martyrs were laid, among whom were four soldiers of Christ, namely Theodosius, Lucius, Marcus, and Peter.
At Turris, in Sardinia, the holy Martyrs Protus the Priest, and Januarius the Deacon, who, sent by Pope Saint Caius to that island, were there, in the time of Diocletian, under the Governor Barbarus, put to death.
At Constantinople, the passion of the holy Martyrius the Subdeacon, and Marcian the Cantor, who were slain by heretics under the Emperor Constantius.
At Soissons, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Crispin and Crispinian, noble Romans, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Rictiovarus, after dreadful torments were slain by the sword and obtained the crown of martyrdom; their bodies were afterward brought to Rome and honorably entombed in the Church of Saint Lawrence in Pane et Perna.
At Florence, the passion of Blessed Minias the soldier, who, under the Emperor Decius, fighting nobly for the faith of Christ, was crowned with a glorious martyrdom.
At Brescia, the birthday of Saint Gaudentius, Bishop, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Javols, in Gaul, Saint Hilary, Bishop.
October 26
At Rome, Saint Evaristus, Pope and Martyr, who reddened the Church of God with his blood under the Emperor Hadrian.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Rogatian the Priest, and Felicissimus, who, in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus, were crowned with a glorious martyrdom; of whom Saint Cyprian also writes in his epistle to the Confessors.
At Nicomedia, the holy Martyrs Lucian, Florius, and their Companions.
At Narbonne, in Gaul, Saint Rusticus, Bishop and Confessor, who flourished in the times of the Emperors Valentinian and Leo.
At Salerno, Saint Gaudiosus, Bishop.
At Pavia, Saint Fulcus, Bishop.
Also Saint Quadragesimus, Subdeacon, who even raised the dead to life.
October 27
The Vigil of the holy Apostles Simon and Jude.
At Avila, in Spain, the passion of Saints Vincent, Sabina, and Christeta. These were first stretched on the rack so violently that all the joints of their limbs were dislocated; then their heads, placed upon stones, were crushed with heavy bars until the brains were dashed out, and thus they completed their martyrdom under the Governor Dacian.
At the fortress of Til, in Gaul, Saint Florentius, Martyr.
In Cappadocia, the holy women Martyrs Capitolina and her handmaid Eroteis, who suffered under Diocletian.
Among the Indians, Saint Frumentius, Bishop, who, at first a captive there, then ordained Bishop by Saint Athanasius, spread the Gospel in that province.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Gaudiosus, an African Bishop, who, on account of the persecution of the Vandals, came to Campania, and, in a monastery near that city, rested in a holy end.
In Ethiopia, Saint Elesbaan the King, who, having vanquished the enemies of Christ, in the time of the Emperor Justin, sent his royal diadem to Jerusalem, and, leading the monastic life as he had vowed, departed to the Lord.
October 28
In Persia, the birthday of the blessed Apostles Simon the Cananean, and Thaddaeus, who is also called Jude. Of these, Simon preached the Gospel in Egypt, and Thaddaeus in Mesopotamia; then, having entered Persia together, when they had subjected an innumerable multitude of that people to Christ, they completed their martyrdom.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Anastasia the Elder, a Virgin, and Cyril. The Virgin herself, in the persecution of Valerian, under the Prefect Probus, was bound in chains, struck with blows, and tortured with fire and scourging; and when she remained immovable in her confession of Christ, at last, her breasts cut off, her nails torn out, her teeth shattered, her hands and feet cut off, and her head severed, adorned with the jewels of so many sufferings, she departed to her Spouse. Cyril, moreover, for offering her water when she asked for it, received martyrdom as his reward.
Also at Rome, Saint Cyrilla, Virgin, who was the daughter of Saint Tryphonia, and, under the Emperor Claudius, was slain for Christ.
At Como, Saint Fidelis, Martyr, under the Emperor Maximian.
At Mainz, Saint Ferrutius, Martyr.
At Meaux, in Gaul, Saint Faro, Bishop and Confessor.
At Vercelli, Saint Honoratus, Bishop.
October 29
The holy Bishops Maximilian, Martyr, and Valentine, Confessor.
At Sidon, in Phoenicia, Saint Zenobius, Priest, who, during the severity of the last persecution, while exhorting others to martyrdom, was himself deemed worthy of martyrdom.
In Lucania, the holy Martyrs Hyacinth, Quinctus, Felician, and Lucius.
At Bergamo, Saint Eusebia, Virgin and Martyr.
At Jerusalem, the birthday of Blessed Narcissus, Bishop, praiseworthy for his holiness, patience, and faith, who, an old man of one hundred and sixteen years, happily departed to the Lord.
At Autun, Saint John, Bishop and Confessor.
At Kassiopi, on the island of Corfu, Saint Donatus, Bishop, of whom Pope Blessed Gregory writes.
At Vienne, in Gaul, the burial of Blessed Theodore, Abbot.
October 30
In Sardinia, the birthday of Saint Pontian, Pope and Martyr, who, by the Emperor Alexander, together with the priest Hippolytus, was deported to that island, and there, beaten to death with clubs, completed his martyrdom. His body was brought to Rome by Pope Blessed Fabian, and buried in the Cemetery of Callistus. His feast, however, is observed on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of December.
At Aegeae, in Cilicia, the passion of Saints Zenobius the Bishop, and his sister Zenobia, under the Emperor Diocletian and the Governor Lysias.
At Altino, in the territory of the Venetians, Saint Theonestus, Bishop and Martyr, who was slain by the Arians.
In Africa, the birthday of two hundred and twenty holy Martyrs.
At Tangier, in Mauretania, the passion of Saint Marcellus the Centurion, who, father of the holy Martyrs Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, completed his martyrdom by beheading under Agricolaus, acting in place of the Praetorian Prefect.
At Alexandria, thirteen holy Martyrs, who suffered together with Saints Julian, Eunus, and Macarius, under the Emperor Decius.
At Cagliari, in Sardinia, Saint Saturninus, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Barbarus, was beheaded.
At Apamea, in Phrygia, Saint Maximus, Martyr, under the same Diocletian.
At Leon, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, sons of Saint Marcellus the Centurion, who, in the persecution of Diocletian and Maximian, under the Governor Diogenianus, were ordered to be beheaded.
At Paris, Saint Lucanus, Martyr.
At Alexandria, Saint Eutropia, Martyr, who, while visiting the Martyrs, was seized, and, most cruelly tortured with them, gave up her spirit.
At Antioch, Saint Serapion, Bishop, most renowned for his learning.
At Capua, Saint Germanus, Bishop and Confessor, a man of great holiness, whose soul, at the hour of his death, Saint Benedict beheld being carried to heaven by Angels.
At Potenza, in Lucania, Saint Gerard, Bishop.
October 31
The Vigil of All Saints.
At Rome, Saints Ampliatus, Urban, and Narcissus, whom Saint Paul mentions in writing to the Romans, who, for the Gospel of Christ, were slain by Jews and Gentiles.
At Constantinople, Saint Stachys, Bishop, who was ordained the first Bishop of that city by the blessed Apostle Andrew.
At Saint-Quentin, in Gaul, Saint Quentin, a Roman citizen and a man of the senatorial order, who suffered martyrdom under the Emperor Maximian; whose body, after fifty-five years, was found incorrupt through the revelation of an Angel.
At Milan, Saint Antoninus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Regensburg, in Bavaria, Saint Wolfgang, Bishop.
At Palma, on the island of Majorca, Saint Alphonsus Rodriguez, a formed temporal Coadjutor of the Society of Jesus and Confessor, distinguished for his humility and constant practice of mortification; whom Pope Leo XIII inscribed in the catalogue of Saints.
At Rome, the Translation of Blessed Nemesius the Deacon, and his daughter Lucilla the Virgin, who were beheaded on the eighth day before the Kalends of September.
November
November 1
The Feast of All Saints, which Pope Boniface IV, when he dedicated the temple of the Pantheon on the third day before the Ides of May, established to be celebrated solemnly and generally every year in the city of Rome, in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, and of the holy Martyrs. And Gregory IV likewise afterward decreed that this same feast, which was already being celebrated in various ways in different Churches, should be solemnly observed on this day in honor of all the Saints by the universal Church in perpetuity.
In Persia, the holy Martyrs John the Bishop, and James the Priest, under King Sapor.
At Terracina, in Campania, the birthday of Saint Caesarius the Deacon, who, after being worn down for many days in prison, was afterward, together with the holy priest Julian, put into a sack and cast into the sea.
At the fortress of Dijon, Saint Benignus the Priest, who was sent by Blessed Polycarp into Gaul to preach the Gospel; and, after being afflicted with the most grievous torments in many ways under the Emperor Marcus Aurelius by the Judge Terentius, at last his neck was ordered to be beaten with an iron bar and his body pierced with a lance.
At Damascus, the passion of Saints Caesarius, Dacius, and five others.
On the same day, Saint Mary the servant-girl, who, accused on account of the Christian religion, was thereupon, under the Emperor Hadrian, afflicted with dreadful scourging, subjected to stretching on the rack and tearing with iron claws, and so completed her martyrdom.
At Tarsus, in Cilicia, the holy women Martyrs Cyrenia and Juliana, under the Emperor Maximian.
At Clermont, in Gaul, Saint Austremonius, who was the first Bishop of that city.
At Paris, the burial of Saint Marcellus, Bishop.
At Bayeux, in Gaul, Saint Vigor, Bishop, in the time of Childebert, King of the Franks.
At Angers, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Licinius, Bishop, a man of venerable holiness.
At Tivoli, Saint Severinus, Monk.
At Larchant, in the territory of the Wastinois in Gaul, Saint Maturinus, Confessor.
November 2
The Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed.
If the second day of November falls on a Sunday, the aforesaid words are read in the first place on the following day.
At Poetovio, in Upper Pannonia, the birthday of Saint Victorinus, Bishop of that city, who, after having published many writings (as Saint Jerome testifies), was crowned with martyrdom in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Trieste, the passion of Blessed Justus, who in the same persecution, under the Governor Manatius, completed his martyrdom.
At Sebaste, in Armenia, the holy Martyrs Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Agapius, and their Companions, under the Emperor Licinius.
In Persia, the holy Martyrs Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpidiphorus, and Anempodistus, with very many Companions.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Publius, Victor, Hermes, and Papias.
At Tarsus, in Cilicia, Saint Eustochia, Virgin and Martyr, who, under Julian the Apostate, after dreadful torments, gave up her spirit in prayer.
At Laodicea, in Syria, Saint Theodotus, Bishop, who was distinguished not only in words but also in deeds and virtues.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint George, Bishop.
At the monastery of Agaunum, in Gaul, Saint Ambrose, Abbot.
At Cyrrhus, in Syria, Saint Marcian, Confessor.
On the day itself of the Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed, before the Nones are read:
On this day, the Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed; on which our common and loving Mother, the Church, after having sought to celebrate with fitting praises all her children already rejoicing in heaven, now also hastens to aid with powerful intercessions before the Lord and Spouse, Christ, all those still groaning in Purgatory, that they may as quickly as possible attain to the fellowship of the citizens above.
Afterward is said: The Third Day before, or the Day before the Nones of November, and the reading is continued to the end, in the usual manner.
November 3
At Milan, the birthday of Saint Charles Borromeo, Cardinal, Bishop of Milan and Confessor, whom, conspicuous for holiness and renowned for miracles, Pope Paul V enrolled in the number of Saints. His feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
On the same day, the birthday also of Saint Quartus, a disciple of the Apostles.
At Viterbo, the holy Martyrs Valentine the Priest, and Hilary the Deacon, who, in the persecution of Maximian, for the faith of Christ, were cast into the Tiber with a weight of stone and thence divinely rescued by an Angel; finally, by beheading, they received the crown of martyrdom.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the holy Martyrs Germanus, Theophilus, Caesarius, and Vitalis, who, in the persecution of Decius, most nobly achieved martyrdom.
At Saragossa, in Spain, the innumerable holy Martyrs who, under Dacian, the Governor of the Spains, wonderfully fell for Christ.
In England, Saint Winifred, Virgin and Martyr.
At the monastery of Clairvaux, in Gaul, the burial of Saint Malachy, Bishop of Connor in Ireland, who was renowned for many virtues in his time; whose life Saint Bernard the Abbot wrote.
On the same day, Saint Hubert, Bishop of Tongres.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Domnus, Bishop and Confessor.
Also the burial of Saint Pirmin, Bishop of Meaux.
At Urgell, in Tarraconensian Spain, Saint Hermengaudius, Bishop.
At Rome, Saint Silvia, mother of Pope Saint Gregory.
November 4
Saint Charles Borromeo, Cardinal, Bishop of Milan and Confessor, who departed to heaven on the day before this.
At Bologna, the holy Martyrs Vitalis and Agricola; of whom the former had previously been the servant of the latter, but afterward became his companion and colleague in martyrdom. Upon Vitalis, moreover, the persecutors inflicted every kind of torment so that there was no place on his body without a wound; enduring these steadfastly, he gave up his spirit to God in prayer. Agricola, however, they killed by nailing him to a cross with very many nails. When Saint Ambrose was present at their translation, he relates that he collected the Martyr's nails, the triumphal blood, and the wood of the cross, and placed them beneath the sacred altars.
At the monastery of Cerfroid, in the territory of Meaux, the birthday of Saint Felix of Valois, Priest and Confessor, who was the Founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives. His feast, however, by the arrangement of Pope Innocent XI, is celebrated on the twelfth day before the Kalends of December.
On the same day also the birthday of Saints Philologus and Patrobas, disciples of the holy Apostle Paul.
At Autun, Saint Proculus, Bishop and Martyr.
At Myra, in Lycia, the holy Martyrs Nicander the Bishop, and Hermas the Priest, under the Governor Libanius.
In the district of Vexin, in Gaul, Saint Clarus, Priest and Martyr.
At Ephesus, Saint Porphyrius, Martyr, under the Emperor Aurelian.
At Rodez, in Gaul, Blessed Amantius, Bishop, whose life was glorious for holiness and miracles.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Pierius, a Priest of Alexandria, who, nobly learned in the divine Scriptures, most pure in life, and utterly stripped and unencumbered for the pursuit of Christian philosophy, under the Emperors Carus and Diocletian, while Theonas governed the Church of Alexandria, most brilliantly taught the people and published various treatises; after the persecution, however, he spent all the remaining time of his life in Rome, and rested in peace.
In Bithynia, Saint Joannicius, Abbot.
At Szekesfehervar, in Pannonia, the burial of Blessed Emeric, Confessor, who was the son of Saint Stephen, King of the Hungarians.
At Trier, Saint Modesta, Virgin.
November 5
Saint Zacharias, Priest and Prophet, who was the father of Blessed John the Baptist, the Forerunner of the Lord.
Also Saint Elizabeth, mother of that same most holy Forerunner.
At Terracina, in Campania, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Felix the Priest, and Eusebius the Monk. Of these, Eusebius, having buried the holy Martyrs Julian and Caesarius, and converting many to the faith of Christ, whom the holy priest Felix was baptizing, was seized together with Felix himself; and, being led to the Judge's tribunal and not overcome, and thence cast into prison, both, on that same night, when they refused to sacrifice, were beheaded.
At Emesa, in Phoenicia, the holy Martyrs Galation and his wife Episteme, who, in the persecution of Decius, were beaten with scourges, had their hands, feet, and moreover their tongues cut off, and finally, by beheading, completed their martyrdom.
Also the holy Martyrs Domninus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and their Companions, under the Emperor Maximinus.
At Milan, Saint Magnus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Brescia, Saint Dominator, Bishop.
At Trier, Saint Fibitius, who from being an Abbot was made Bishop of that same city.
At Orleans, in Gaul, Saint Laetus, Priest and Confessor.
November 6
At Barcelona, in Spain, Saint Severus, Bishop and Martyr, who, for the Catholic faith, received the crown of martyrdom when his head was pierced through with a nail.
At Thinissa, in Africa, the birthday of Saint Felix, Martyr, who, having confessed the faith and being put off to further torments, was found lifeless in prison on another day (as Saint Augustine relates, while expounding a Psalm to the people on his feast day).
At Theopolis, which is Antioch, ten holy Martyrs, who are recorded to have suffered at the hands of the Saracens.
In Phrygia, Saint Atticus, Martyr.
At Bergues, in Flanders, the burial of Saint Winnoc, Abbot, who, renowned for virtues and miracles, also served the brethren under him for a long time.
At Fondi, in Latium, Saint Felix, Monk.
At Limoges, in Aquitaine, Saint Leonard, Confessor, who was a disciple of Blessed Remigius the Bishop. He, born of noble lineage, chose the solitary life, and was renowned for holiness and miracles; his virtue shone forth especially in freeing captives.
November 7
At Padua, the burial of Saint Prosdocimus, who was the first Bishop of that city. He, ordained Bishop by the blessed Apostle Peter, was sent to that city to preach the word of God; and there, shining with many virtues and wonders, he rested in a blessed end.
At Perugia, Saint Herculanus, Bishop and Martyr.
At the city of Schwelm, in Germany, the passion of Saint Engelbert, Bishop of Cologne, who, while traveling there from the town of Soest to dedicate a church, was intercepted on the road by assassins and struck with many wounds, and underwent a glorious martyrdom in defense of ecclesiastical liberty and obedience to the Roman Church.
On the same day, Saint Amaranthus the Martyr, who, at the city of Albi in Gaul, having completed the course of his faithful struggle, was buried and lives in glory.
At Melitene, in Armenia, the passion of Saints Hiero, Nicander, Hesychius, and thirty others, who were crowned in the persecution of Diocletian under the governor Lysias.
At Amphipolis, in Macedonia, the holy Martyrs Auctus, Taurion, and Thessalonica.
At Ancyra, in Galatia, the passion of Saints Melasippus, Antonius, and Carina, under Julian the Apostate.
At Alexandria, blessed Achillas the Bishop, who was distinguished in learning, faith, conduct, and character.
In Frisia, the burial of Saint Willibrord, Bishop of Utrecht, who, ordained bishop by blessed Pope Sergius, preached the Gospel in Frisia and Denmark.
At Metz, in Gaul, Saint Rufus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Strasbourg, Saint Florentius the Bishop.
November 8
The Octave of All Saints.
At Rome, on the Via Labicana, at the third milestone from the City, the passion of the holy Martyrs Claudius, Nicostratus, Symphorian, Castorius, and Simplicius, who, first cast into prison, then most severely scourged with scorpions, and finally, since they could not be moved from the faith of Christ, were ordered by Diocletian to be cast headlong into the river.
Likewise, on the Via Labicana, the birthday of the holy Four Crowned Brothers, that is, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus, who, under the same Emperor, were beaten to death with lead-tipped scourges. Since their names could not be discovered at that time, but were later revealed by the Lord after some years had passed, it was decreed that their anniversary, together with those five, should be celebrated under the name of the holy Four Crowned Ones; and this custom persisted in the Church even after the names were revealed.
Also at Rome, Saint Deusdedit, Pope the First, who was of such great merit that he healed a leper from leprosy with a kiss.
In the village of Blexen, on the Weser River, in Germany, Saint Willehad, who was the first Bishop of the city of Bremen; and, together with Saint Boniface, whose disciple he was, he spread the Gospel in Frisia and Saxony.
At Soissons, in Gaul, Saint Godfrey, Bishop of Amiens, a man of great holiness.
At Verdun, in Gaul, Saint Maurus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Tours, in Gaul, Saint Clarus the Priest, whose epitaph Saint Paulinus wrote.
November 9
At Rome, in the Lateran, the Dedication of the Basilica of the Most Holy Savior, which is the mother and head of all the churches of the City and the World.
At Amasea, in Pontus, the birthday of Saint Theodore the Soldier, who, in the time of Emperor Maximian, for his confession of the Christian faith, was severely beaten and cast into prison; then, when the Lord appeared to him and encouraged him to remain steadfast and courageous, he was strengthened; finally, after being suspended on the rack and so torn with iron claws that his internal organs were exposed, he was handed over to be burned in blazing fires. His praises were celebrated by Saint Gregory of Nyssa in a famous encomium.
At Tyana, in Cappadocia, the passion of Saint Orestes, under Emperor Diocletian.
At Thessalonica, Saint Alexander the Martyr, under the ruler Maximian.
At Bourges, in Aquitaine, Saint Ursinus the Confessor, who, ordained at Rome by the successors of the Apostles, was appointed as the first Bishop of that city of Bourges.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Agrippinus the Bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, the holy Virgins Eustolia of Rome, and Sopatra, daughter of Emperor Maurice.
At Beirut, in Syria, the commemoration of the Image of the Savior, which, when crucified by Jews, poured forth such an abundant flow of blood that the churches of both East and West received from it in great abundance.
November 10
At Naples, in Campania, the birthday of Saint Andrew Avellino, Regular Cleric and Confessor, most celebrated for his holiness and his zeal in procuring the salvation of his neighbors, whom Pope Clement XI, the Supreme Pontiff, enrolled in the catalogue of Saints on account of his renowned miracles.
On the same day also the birthday of the holy Martyrs Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha the Virgin.
Also at Rome, the birthday of Saint Leo, Pope the First, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, who, excelling in the merits of his virtues, was called the Great. In his time the holy Council of Chalcedon was held, in which he condemned Eutyches through his legates; and he afterwards confirmed the decrees of that Council by his authority. Finally, having enacted many things and written brilliantly, this good Shepherd, having most greatly served the holy Church of God and the entire flock of the Lord, rested in peace. His feast day, however, is celebrated on the third day before the Ides of April.
At Iconium, in Lycaonia, the holy women Tryphena and Tryphosa, who made great progress in Christian instruction through the preaching of blessed Paul and the example of Thecla.
At Antioch, Saints Demetrius the Bishop, Anianus the Deacon, Eustosius, and twenty other Martyrs.
In the territory of Agde, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Tiberius, Modestus, and Florentia, who, in the time of Diocletian, were tortured with various torments and completed their martyrdom.
At Ravenna, Saint Probus the Bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Orleans, in Gaul, Saint Monitorius, Bishop and Confessor.
In England, Saint Justus the Bishop, who, together with Augustine, Mellitus, and others, was sent by blessed Pope Gregory to that island to preach the Gospel, and there, celebrated for his holiness, fell asleep in the Lord.
In the town of Melun, in Gaul, Saint Leo the Confessor.
On the island of Paros, Saint Theoctista the Virgin.
November 11
At Tours, in Gaul, the birthday of blessed Martin, Bishop and Confessor, whose life was so glorious with miracles that he was worthy to be the one who raised three dead persons to life.
At Cotyaeum, in Phrygia, the renowned passion of Saint Menas, an Egyptian soldier, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, after casting aside his military belt, deserved to serve the heavenly King in solitary life in the desert; then he came forth into public, and declaring himself a Christian in a bold voice, was first tested with terrible torments; finally, kneeling in prayer and giving thanks to the Lord Jesus Christ, he was struck down by the sword, and was renowned for many miracles after death.
At Ravenna, the holy Martyrs Valentine, Felician, and Victorinus, who were crowned in the persecution of Diocletian.
In Mesopotamia, Saint Athenodorus the Martyr, who, under the same Diocletian and the governor Eleusius, was tortured by fire and other punishments, and was finally condemned to death; and when the executioner collapsed and no other dared to strike him with the sword, he fell asleep in the Lord while praying.
At Lyon, in Gaul, Saint Veranus the Bishop, whose life was illustrious in faith and the merits of his virtues.
At Constantinople, Saint Theodore, Abbot of the Studium, who, fighting vigorously for the Catholic faith against the Iconoclasts, became famous throughout the entire Catholic Church.
In the monastery of Grottaferrata, in the Tusculan countryside, Saint Bartholomew the Abbot, who was the companion of blessed Nilus and wrote his life.
In the province of Samnium, blessed Menas the hermit, whose virtues and miracles Pope Saint Gregory commemorates.
November 12
Saint Martin the First, Pope and Martyr, whose birthday is recorded on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of October.
At Vitebsk, in Poland, the passion of Saint Josaphat, of the Order of Saint Basil, Bishop of Polotsk and Martyr, who was cruelly slain by schismatics out of hatred for Catholic unity and truth, and was enrolled among the holy Martyrs by Pope Pius IX. His feast, however, is celebrated on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of December.
At Alcala, in Spain, the birthday of Saint Didacus the Confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor, celebrated for his humility, whom Pope Sixtus V, the Supreme Pontiff, enrolled in the catalogue of Saints. His feast, however, is celebrated on the following day.
In Asia, the passion of Saints Aurelius and Publius, Bishops.
At Esse, in Belgium, Saint Livinus, Bishop and Martyr, who, after converting very many to the faith of Christ, was killed by pagans. His body was afterwards translated to the port of Ghent.
At Kazimierz, in Poland, the holy Martyr Hermits Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac, and Christian, who, while devoted to the service of God, were cruelly attacked by robbers and slain with swords.
At the town of Sergines, in the territory of Sens, Saint Paternus, Monk and Martyr, who, while urging the robbers who met him in the forest of that town to amend their lives, was murdered by them.
At Avignon, Saint Rufus, who was the first Bishop of that city.
At Cologne, the burial of Saint Cunibert the Bishop.
At Tarazona, in Tarraconese Spain, blessed Aemilian the Priest, who was renowned for innumerable miracles; whose admirable life Saint Braulio, Bishop of Saragossa, described.
At Constantinople, Saint Nilus the Abbot, who, under Theodosius the Younger, having been made a monk from being Prefect of that city, was renowned for his learning and holiness.
November 13
Saint Didacus, of the Order of Friars Minor, Confessor, whose birthday is celebrated on the day before this one.
At Ravenna, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Valentine, Solutor, and Victor, who suffered under Emperor Diocletian.
At Aix, in the province of Narbonne, blessed Mitrius, a most illustrious Martyr.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, the passion of Saints Antoninus, Zebina, Germanus, and Ennatha the Virgin. She, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, was beaten with scourges and burned with fire; the others, when they boldly and freely accused the governor Firmilian, who was sacrificing to the gods, of impiety, were beheaded.
In Africa, the holy Spanish Martyrs Arcadius, Paschasius, Probus, and Eutychian, who, in the Vandal persecution, since they refused in any way to turn to the Arian heresy, were first proscribed by the Arian King Genseric, then driven into exile and tortured with the most atrocious punishments, and finally put to death by various means. At that time the steadfastness of the boy Paulillus, brother of Saints Paschasius and Eutychian, also shone forth; since he could in no way be torn from the Catholic faith, he was beaten with clubs for a long time and condemned to the lowest servitude.
At Rome, Saint Nicholas, Pope the First, outstanding in apostolic vigor.
At Tours, in Gaul, Saint Brice the Bishop, who was a disciple of blessed Bishop Martin.
At Toledo, in Spain, Saint Eugene the Bishop.
At Clermont, in Gaul, Saint Quinctian the Bishop.
At Cremona, in Lombardy, Saint Homobonus the Confessor, whom Pope Innocent III, on account of his renowned miracles, enrolled among the Saints.
November 14
Saint Josaphat, of the Order of Saint Basil, Bishop of Polotsk and Martyr, whose birthday is recorded on the day before the Ides of November.
At Gangra, in Paphlagonia, Saint Hypatius the Bishop, who, returning from the great Council of Nicaea, was attacked with stones on the road by the Novatian heretics and died a Martyr.
At Heraclea, in Thrace, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Clementinus, Theodotus, and Philomenus.
At Alexandria, Saint Serapion the Martyr, whom the persecutors, under the ruler Decius, afflicted with such exceedingly cruel torments that they first dislocated all the joints of his limbs, and then threw him from the upper story of his own house; and so he became a glorious Martyr of Christ.
At Troyes, in Gaul, Saint Venerandus the Martyr, under Emperor Aurelian.
In Gaul, Saint Veneranda the Virgin, who, under Emperor Antoninus and the governor Asclepiades, received the crown of martyrdom.
At Emesa, in Phoenicia, the passion of very many holy women who, under the most savage Arab leader Mady, were most cruelly tortured and slain for the faith of Christ.
At Bologna, Saint Jucundus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Eu, in Gaul, the passing of Saint Laurence, Bishop of Dublin.
At Algiers, in Africa, blessed Serapion, who, being the first of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives, was crucified and cut limb from limb for the ransom of faithful captives and the preaching of the Christian faith, and deserved to obtain the palm of martyrdom.
November 15
At Cologne, Saint Albert, Bishop and Confessor, of the Order of Preachers, surnamed the Great, celebrated for holiness and learning, whom Pope Pius XI declared a Doctor of the Universal Church, and Pope Pius XII appointed as heavenly Patron before God of those who cultivate the natural sciences.
On the same day, the birthday of Saint Eugene, Bishop of Toledo and Martyr, who was a disciple of blessed Dionysius the Areopagite, and in the territory of Paris, having completed the course of his martyrdom, received from the Lord the crown of his blessed passion. His body was afterwards translated to Toledo, in Spain.
At Nola, in Campania, blessed Felix, Bishop and Martyr, who, from the fifteenth year of his age, was renowned for miracles, and, under the governor Marcian, together with thirty other Companions, completed the struggle of martyrdom.
At Edessa, in Mesopotamia, the passion of Saint Abibus the Deacon, who, under Emperor Licinius and the governor Lysanias, was torn with claws and cast into the fire.
In the same place, the holy Martyrs Gurias and Samonas, under Emperor Diocletian and the governor Antoninus.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Secundus, Fidentian, and Varicus.
At Arces, in the territory of Saintes, the birthday of Saint Machutus, Bishop of Aleth in Gaul, who, born in England, shone forth with miracles from the earliest beginnings of his youth.
At Verona, Saint Luperius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Kahlenberg, near Vienna, in Austria, Saint Leopold, Margrave of that same province of Austria, whom Pope Innocent VIII enrolled among the Saints.
November 16
Saint Gertrude the Virgin, whose birthday is recorded on the following day.
At Edinburgh, in Scotland, the birthday of Saint Margaret the Widow, Queen of the Scots, celebrated for her love of the poor and voluntary poverty. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the fourth day before the Ides of June.
In Africa, the holy Martyrs Rufinus, Marcus, Valerius, and their Companions.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Elpidius, Marcellus, Eustochius, and their Companions; of whom Elpidius, since he was of senatorial rank and professed the Christian faith most steadfastly before Julian the Apostate, was first, together with his Companions, bound to untamed horses and dragged along, then cast into the fire, and so completed his glorious martyrdom.
At Lyon, in Gaul, the birthday of Saint Eucherius, Bishop and Confessor, a man of admirable faith and learning. He, having turned from the most noble senatorial order to the religious life and habit, long shut himself willingly within the confines of a cave, serving Christ in prayers and fasts; then, by the revelation of an angel, he was solemnly placed in the episcopal chair of the aforesaid city.
At Padua, Saint Fidentius the Bishop.
At Canterbury, in England, Saint Edmund, Bishop and Confessor, who, driven into exile for defending the rights of his Church, died most holily at Provins, a town of Sens; and was enrolled in the canon of Saints by Pope Innocent IV.
On the same day, the burial of Saint Othmar the Abbot.
November 17
At Neocaesarea, in Pontus, the birthday of Saint Gregory, Bishop and Confessor, illustrious in learning and holiness, who on account of the signs and miracles that he performed with great glory for the churches, was called the Wonder-Worker.
At Helfta, in Saxony, likewise the birthday of Saint Gertrude the Virgin, of the Order of Saint Benedict, who was renowned for the gift of revelations. Her feast, however, is celebrated on the day before this one.
In Palestine, the holy Martyrs Alphaeus and Zachaeus, who in the first year of the persecution of Diocletian, after many torments, underwent the sentence of death.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Martyrs Acisclus and Victoria, brother and sister, who in the same persecution were most savagely tortured by order of the governor Dio, and by their illustrious passion deserved crowns from the Lord.
At Alexandria, Saint Dionysius the Bishop, a man of the highest learning, who, renowned for many confessions and magnificent for the variety of his sufferings and torments, rested as a Confessor, full of days, in the times of Emperors Valerian and Gallienus.
At Orleans, in Gaul, Saint Anianus the Bishop, whose death, precious in the sight of the Lord, is attested by frequent miracles.
In Britain, Saint Hugh the Bishop, who, called from being a Carthusian monk to govern the Church of Lincoln, was renowned for many miracles and rested with a holy end.
At Tours, in Gaul, Saint Gregory the Bishop.
At Florence, Saint Eugene the Confessor, who was a deacon of blessed Zenobius, Bishop of that same city.
November 18
At Rome, the Dedication of the Basilicas of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul. The first of them, restored to a more ample form, was consecrated by the Supreme Pontiff Urban VIII on this same recurring day; the other, having been completely consumed by a lamentable fire and rebuilt more magnificently, Pius IX consecrated with solemn rite on the tenth day of December, and decreed that its annual commemoration should be observed on this day.
At Antioch, the birthday of Saint Romanus the Martyr, who, in the time of Emperor Galerius, when the prefect Asclepiades burst into the church and was attempting to destroy it completely, exhorted the other Christians to resist him, and therefore, after terrible torments and the cutting out of his tongue (without which he nevertheless proclaimed the praises of God), was strangled with a noose in prison and crowned with a celebrated martyrdom. Before him also suffered a young boy, named Barula, who, when he had been asked by the same prefect whether it was better to worship one God or many gods, and had answered that one must believe in the one God whom the Christians worship, was therefore beaten with scourges and ordered to be beheaded.
Also at Antioch, Saint Hesychius the Martyr, who, being a soldier and having heard the decree that whoever did not sacrifice to idols should lay down his military belt, immediately unfastened his belt; for which reason, with an enormous stone tied to his right hand, he was ordered to be cast headlong into the river.
On the same day, Saints Oriculus and Companions, who suffered for the Catholic faith in the Vandal persecution.
At Mainz, Saint Maximus the Bishop, who, having suffered many things from the Arians in the time of Constantius, died a Confessor.
At Tours, in Gaul, the passing of blessed Odo, Abbot of Cluny.
At Antioch, Saint Thomas the Monk, whom the people of Antioch honored with an annual celebration because the plague was calmed through his prayers.
At Lucca, in Tuscany, the Translation of Saint Frigdian, Bishop and Confessor.
November 19
In the town of Marburg, in Germany, the burial of Saint Elizabeth the Widow, daughter of Andrew, King of Hungary, of the Third Order of Saint Francis, who, constantly devoted to works of piety and renowned for miracles, departed to the Lord.
Saint Pontian, Pope and Martyr, whose birthday is recorded on the third day before the Kalends of November.
At Samaria, in Palestine, Saint Obadiah the Prophet.
At Rome, on the Via Appia, the birthday of Saint Maximus, Priest and Martyr, who, having suffered in the persecution of Valerian, was buried near Saint Sixtus.
In the city of Astigi, in Spain, blessed Crispinus the Bishop, who, having his head cut off, attained the glory of martyrdom.
On the same day, Saint Faustus, Deacon of Alexandria, who was first sent into exile together with Saint Dionysius in the persecution of Valerian; then, advanced in age, in the persecution of Diocletian, was executed by the sword and completed his martyrdom.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Saint Barlaam the Martyr, who, though a rustic and unlettered man, armed with the wisdom of Christ conquered the tyrant and overcame fire itself through the unconquerable constancy of his faith; on whose birthday Saint Basil the Great delivered a celebrated oration.
At Vienne, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Severinus, Exuperius, and Felician, whose bodies, after the passage of many years, were found through their own revelation, and were honorably taken up by the bishop, clergy, and people of that city, and laid to rest with fitting honor.
In Isauria, the passion of Saints Azas and his one hundred and fifty soldier Companions, under Emperor Diocletian and the tribune Aquilinus.
November 20
Saint Felix of Valois, Priest and Confessor, who was the Founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, and fell asleep in the Lord on the day before the Nones of November.
In Persia, the passion of Saints Nerses the Bishop, and his Companions.
At Messina, in Sicily, the holy Martyrs Ampelus and Caius.
At Turin, the holy Martyrs Octavius, Solutor, and Adventor, soldiers of the Theban legion, who, under Emperor Maximian, fighting nobly, were crowned with martyrdom.
At Caesarea, in Palestine, Saint Agapius the Martyr, who, under Emperor Galerius Maximian, was condemned to the beasts and was not at all harmed by them; finally, with stones tied to his feet, he was plunged into the sea.
At Dorostorum, in Lower Moesia, Saint Dasius the Martyr, who, since he refused to consent to the shameful practices of the festival of Saturn, was struck down under the governor Bassus.
At Nicaea, in Bithynia, the holy Martyrs Eustachius, Thespesius, and Anatolius, in the persecution of Maximian.
At Heraclea, in Thrace, the holy Martyrs Bassus, Dionysius, Agapitus, and forty others.
In England, Saint Edmund, King and Martyr.
At Constantinople, Saint Gregory the Decapolite, who suffered many things for the veneration of the holy Images.
At Milan, Saint Benignus the Bishop, who, during the great disturbance of the barbarians, administered the Church entrusted to him with the utmost steadfastness and devotion.
At Chalon, in Gaul, Saint Silvester the Bishop, who in the forty-second year of his priesthood, full of days and virtues, departed to the Lord.
At Verona, Saint Simplicius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Hildesheim, in Saxony, Saint Bernward, Bishop and Confessor, who was enrolled among the Saints by Pope Celestine III.
November 21
At Jerusalem, the Presentation of the blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, in the Temple.
On the same day, the birthday of blessed Rufus, of whom Saint Paul the Apostle writes to the Romans.
At Rome, the passion of Saints Celsus and Clement.
At Rheims, in Gaul, Saint Albert, Bishop of Liege and Martyr, who was killed for defending ecclesiastical liberty.
At Ostia on the Tiber, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Demetrius and Honorius.
In Spain, the holy Martyrs Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen.
In Pamphylia, Saint Heliodorus the Martyr, in the persecution of Aurelian, under the Governor Aetius. After him, indeed, the very torturers themselves, having been converted to the faith, were drowned in the sea.
At Rome, Saint Gelasius the First, Pope, distinguished for his learning and holiness.
At Verona, Saint Maurus, Bishop and Confessor.
At the monastery of Bobbio, the burial of Saint Columban the Abbot, who, as founder of many monasteries, was Father to very many monks, and, renowned for many virtues, rested in a good old age.
November 22
Saint Cecilia, Virgin and Martyr, who passed to her heavenly Spouse, adorned with her own blood, on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of October.
At Colossae, in Phrygia, Saints Philemon and Apphia, disciples of Saint Paul; who, under the Emperor Nero, when the Gentiles, on the feast day of Diana, invaded the church, both of them, while the others fled, were seized, and by the order of the Governor Artocles were beaten with rods, and, enclosed in a pit up to the waist, were crushed with stones.
At Rome, Saint Maurus the Martyr, who, having come from Africa to the tombs of the Apostles, endured his contest under the Emperor Numerian and the Prefect of the City Celerinus.
At Antioch of Pisidia, the passion of Saints Mark and Stephen, under the Emperor Diocletian.
At Autun, Saint Pragmatius, Bishop and Confessor.
November 23
The heavenly birthday of Saint Clement the First, Pope and Martyr, who held the Pontificate as third after the blessed Apostle Peter, and, in the persecution of Trajan, was exiled to the Chersonese, where, with an anchor tied to his neck, he was cast into the sea and crowned with martyrdom. His body, moreover, under Pope Hadrian the Second, was translated to Rome by the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius, and honorably placed in the church that had previously been built in his name.
At Rome, Saint Felicitas the Martyr, mother of the seven Martyr sons; who, after them, by the command of the Emperor Marcus Antoninus, was beheaded for Christ.
At Cyzicus, in the Hellespont, Saint Sisinius the Martyr, who, in the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian, after many torments, was slain by the sword.
At Merida, in Spain, Saint Lucretia, Virgin and Martyr; who, in the same persecution, under the Governor Dacian, completed her martyrdom.
At Iconium, in Lycaonia, Saint Amphilochius the Bishop, who, a companion of Saints Basil and Gregory of Nazianzus in the desert and a colleague in the episcopate, at last, after many struggles he undertook for the Catholic faith, renowned for holiness and learning, rested in peace.
At Agrigento, the burial of Saint Gregory the Bishop.
In the town of Hesbaye, in Belgium, Saint Trudo, Priest and Confessor, by whose name were afterwards distinguished both the monastery there erected by the same Saint on his own estates, and the town itself gradually built up in that place.
November 24
Saint John of the Cross, Priest, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, companion of Saint Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites, whose heavenly birthday is recorded on the nineteenth day before the Kalends of January.
On the same day, the heavenly birthday of Saint Chrysogonus the Martyr, who, after enduring long chains and imprisonment for his most steadfast confession of Christ, was brought to Aquileia by order of Diocletian, and at last, beheaded and cast into the sea, completed his martyrdom.
At Rome, Saint Crescentianus the Martyr, who is mentioned in the passion of the blessed Pope Marcellus.
At Corinth, Saint Alexander the Martyr, who, under Julian the Apostate and the Governor Sallustius, contended for the faith of Christ even unto death.
At Perugia, Saint Felicissimus the Martyr.
At Amelia, in Umbria, Saint Firmina, Virgin and Martyr; who, in the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian, was tortured in various ways, and at last, hung up and burned with blazing torches, gave back her spotless spirit to God.
At Cordoba, in Spain, the holy Virgins and Martyrs Flora and Mary; who, after prolonged imprisonment, in the Arab persecution, were slain by the sword.
At Milan, Saint Protasius the Bishop, who defended the cause of Athanasius before the Emperor Constans at the Council of Sardica, and at last, having undergone many labors for the Church entrusted to him and for the faith, departed to the Lord.
In the territory of Auvergne, Saint Portianus the Abbot, who, under King Theodoric, was renowned for miracles; whose name also remained bestowed upon both the monastery over which the Saint himself presided, and the town that was afterwards built in the same place.
At the fortress of Blaye, in Gaul, Saint Romanus the Priest, whose glory of miracles declares the renown of his holiness.
November 25
At Alexandria, Saint Catherine, Virgin and Martyr, who, for the confession of the Christian faith, under the Emperor Maximinus, was thrust into prison, and afterwards beaten for a very long time with scourges, and at last completed her martyrdom by beheading. Her body, miraculously carried by Angels to Mount Sinai, is venerated there with pious devotion amid a great concourse of Christians.
At Rome, Saint Moses, Priest and Martyr; whom, while detained in prison with others, Saint Cyprian often consoled by letters. Moses himself, moreover, since he had stood with unbroken spirit not only against the Gentiles, but also against the Novatian schismatics and heretics, was at last (as Saint Pope Cornelius testifies) honored with an outstanding and admirable martyrdom in the persecution of Decius.
At Antioch, Saint Erasmus the Martyr.
At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, the passion of Saint Mercurius the soldier, who, by the protection of the Angel guarding him, both conquered the barbarians and overcame the cruelty of Decius; and, enriched with many trophies of his torments, crowned with martyrdom, he departed to heaven.
In Emilia, a province of Italy, Saint Jucunda the Virgin.
November 26
At Fabriano, in Picenum, Blessed Sylvester the Abbot, Founder of the Congregation of Sylvestrine Monks.
At Alexandria, the heavenly birthday of Saint Peter, Bishop and Martyr of that same city; who, being adorned with every virtue, was there beheaded by order of Galerius Maximian.
There also suffered at Alexandria, in the same persecution, the holy Martyrs Faustus the Priest, Didius, and Ammonius, and likewise four Egyptian Bishops, namely Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodore, with six hundred and sixty others, whom the sword of persecution raised to heaven.
At the estate called Fratta, in the territory of Rovigo, Saint Bellinus, Bishop of Padua and Martyr; who, being an outstanding defender of the rights of the Church, was cruelly attacked by assassins and killed with many wounds inflicted upon him.
At Nicomedia, Saint Marcellus the Priest, who, in the time of Constantius, was cast down from a cliff by the Arians and died a Martyr.
At Rome, Saint Siricius, Pope and Confessor, renowned for his learning, piety, and zeal for religion, who condemned various heretics and restored ecclesiastical discipline with most salutary decrees.
At Autun, Saint Amator the Bishop.
At Constance, in Germany, Saint Conrad the Bishop.
At Rome, Saint Leonard of Port Maurice, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor, distinguished for his zeal for souls and his sacred missions throughout Italy; whom Pius the Ninth, the Supreme Pontiff, enrolled in the canon of Saints, and Pope Pius the Eleventh chose and appointed as heavenly Patron of Priests who devote themselves to popular sacred Missions in Catholic regions throughout the world.
In the territory of Rheims, the heavenly birthday of Saint Basle the Confessor.
At Adrianople, in Paphlagonia, Saint Stylianus the Anchorite, renowned for miracles.
In Armenia, Saint Nicon the Monk.
November 27
At Antioch, the holy Martyrs Basileus the Bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus.
At Sebaste, in Armenia, the holy Martyrs Hirenarchius, Acacius the Priest, and seven women. Hirenarchius, moreover, moved by the constancy of these women, was converted to Christ, and under the Emperor Diocletian and the Governor Maximus, was struck with the axe together with Acacius.
At the river Cea, in Galicia, Saints Facundus and Primitivus, who suffered under the Governor Atticus.
In Persia, Saint James the Cut-to-Pieces, an illustrious Martyr, who, in the time of Theodosius the Younger, having denied Christ to gain the favor of King Isdegerdes, and his mother and wife having on that account withdrawn themselves from his company, thereupon, coming to himself, he fearlessly confessed before Vararanes, the son and successor of Isdegerdes, that he was a Christian; and therefore, by the angry King, a sentence of death being passed upon him, he was ordered to be cut to pieces limb by limb and beheaded. At the same time innumerable other Martyrs also suffered there.
At Aquileia, Saint Valerian the Bishop.
At Riez, in Gaul, Saint Maximus, Bishop and Confessor; who, endowed from the years of his earliest youth with every grace of virtue, was first Father of the monastery of Lerins, then Bishop of the Church of Riez, and was illustrious for signs and wonders.
At Salzburg, in Noricum, Saint Virgil, Bishop and Apostle of the Carinthians, who was enrolled in the number of the Saints by Gregory the Ninth, the Supreme Pontiff.
Among the Indians, bordering on the Persians, Saints Barlaam and Josaphat, whose wondrous deeds Saint John Damascene wrote down.
At Paris, the burial of Saint Severinus, Monk and Hermit.
November 28
At Corinth, the heavenly birthday of Saint Sosthenes, one of the disciples of the blessed Apostle Paul; whom the same Apostle mentions when writing to the Corinthians. Sosthenes himself, converted to Christ from being ruler of the Synagogue, consecrated the beginnings of his faith by being severely beaten before the Proconsul Gallio, with a glorious beginning.
At Rome, Saint Rufus, whom Diocletian made a Martyr of Christ together with his entire family.
In Africa, the holy Martyr Bishops Papinianus and Mansuetus, who, in the time of the Vandal persecution, under the Arian King Genseric, for the defense of the Catholic faith, burned over their entire body with red-hot iron plates, completed their glorious contest. At the same time also nine other holy Bishops, namely Valerian, Urban, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentianus, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentianus, condemned to exile, completed the course of their life.
At Constantinople, the holy Martyrs Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and their three hundred and thirty-nine Companions, Monks; who, under Constantine Copronymus, tortured with various punishments for the veneration of the holy Images, confirmed the Catholic truth with their shed blood.
At Naples, in Campania, the burial of Saint James of the Marches, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Confessor, renowned for the austerity of his life, apostolic preaching, and many embassies undertaken for the Christian cause; whom Benedict the Thirteenth, the Supreme Pontiff, added to the register of the Saints.
November 29
The Vigil of Saint Andrew the Apostle.
At Rome, on the Via Salaria, the heavenly birthday of the holy Martyrs Saturninus the elder and Sisinius the Deacon, under the Emperor Maximian; whom the Prefect of the City, after they had long been worn down in prison, ordered to be raised on the rack and stretched with sinews, beaten with clubs and scourges, then to have flames applied to them, and, taken down from the rack, to be beheaded.
At Toulouse, Saint Saturninus the Bishop, who, in the times of Decius, was seized by the Pagans in the Capitol of that city and cast down from the top of the Capitol through all the steps, and thus, with his skull shattered and his brains dashed out and his whole body torn apart, gave back his soul, worthy of Christ.
Likewise, the passion of Saints Paramon and his three hundred and seventy-five Companions, under the Emperor Decius and the Governor Aquilinus.
At Ancyra, in Galatia, Saint Philomenus the Martyr, who, in the persecution of the Emperor Aurelian, under the Governor Felix, tested by fire, and with nails driven through his hands and feet and at last through his head, completed his martyrdom.
At Veroli, in the Hernician territory, the holy Martyrs Blasius and Demetrius.
At Todi, in Umbria, Saint Illuminata the Virgin.
November 30
At Patras, in Achaia, the heavenly birthday of Saint Andrew the Apostle, who preached the sacred Gospel of Christ in Thrace and Scythia. He, having been seized by the Proconsul Aegeas, was first shut up in prison, then most severely beaten, and finally hung upon a cross, on which, teaching the people, he survived for two days; and, having asked the Lord not to allow him to be taken down from the cross, he was surrounded by a great splendor from heaven, and, as the light subsequently withdrew, he gave up his spirit.
At Rome, the passion of Saints Castulus and Euprepis.
At Constantinople, Saint Maura, Virgin and Martyr.
Likewise, Saint Justina, Virgin and Martyr.
At Rome, Saint Constantius the Confessor, who, bravely resisting the Pelagians, endured many things from their faction, which joined him to the holy Confessors.
At Saintes, in Gaul, Saint Trojan the Bishop, a man of great holiness, who, though buried in the earth, manifests by many miracles that he lives in heaven.
In Palestine, Blessed Zosimus the Confessor, who, under the Emperor Justin, was distinguished for holiness and miracles.
December
December 1
Saint Nahum the Prophet, resting at Begabar.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Diodorus the Priest and Marianus the Deacon, with many others, who, under the Emperor Numerian, while celebrating the birthdays of the Martyrs in the Sand-pit, there, with the door of the crypt blocked by the persecutors and the mass above demolished upon them, merited the glory of martyrdom.
Likewise at Rome, the passion of Saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida.
At Narni, Saint Proculus, Bishop and Martyr; who, after many distinguished works, was ordered to be beheaded by Totila, King of the Goths.
In the city of Casale, Saint Evasius, Bishop and Martyr.
On the same day, Saint Ansanus the Martyr, who, under the Emperor Diocletian, confessed Christ at Rome and was thrust into prison, then brought to Siena, in Tuscany, where he completed the course of his martyrdom by beheading.
At Amelia, in Umbria, Saint Olympiadis, a man of consular rank, who was converted to the faith by Blessed Firmina, and under Diocletian, tortured on the rack, completed his martyrdom.
At Arbela, in Persia, Saint Ananias the Martyr.
At Milan, Saint Castritianus the Bishop, who, in the greatest disturbance of the Church, shone forth through the merits of his virtues and the praise of his pious and religious deeds.
At Brescia, Saint Ursicinus the Bishop.
At Noyon, in Belgium, Saint Eligius the Bishop, whose admirable life is commended by a manifold number of signs.
At Verdun, in Gaul, Saint Agericus the Bishop.
On the same day, Saint Natalia, wife of the blessed Martyr Hadrian, who, under the Emperor Diocletian, ministered for a long time to the holy Martyrs detained in prison at Nicomedia; and when their contest was fulfilled, she set out for Constantinople, and there rested in peace.
December 2
At Rome, the passion of Saint Bibiana, Virgin and Martyr, who, under the sacrilegious Emperor Julian, was beaten with lead-tipped scourges for Christ for so long until she gave up her spirit.
At Imola, in Emilia, the heavenly birthday of Saint Peter, Bishop of Ravenna, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, surnamed Chrysologus, celebrated for his learning and holiness. His feast, however, is kept on the day before the Nones of this month.
On the island of Sancian, off China, likewise the heavenly birthday of Saint Francis Xavier, Priest of the Society of Jesus and Confessor, Apostle of the Indies, renowned for the conversion of peoples, gifts, and miracles; who, full of merits and labors, fell asleep in the Lord. Pius the Tenth, the Supreme Pontiff, chose and appointed this blessed man as heavenly Protector of the association and work of the Propagation of the Faith; and Pope Pius the Eleventh gave and confirmed him as special Patron of all Missions. His feast, however, by order of Pope Alexander the Seventh, is celebrated on the following day.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Eusebius the Priest, Marcellus the Deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia; who all completed their martyrdom in the persecution of Valerian, under the Judge Secundianus.
Likewise at Rome, Saint Pontianus the Martyr, with four others.
In Africa, the heavenly birthday of the holy Martyrs Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus; who were there crowned with martyrdom.
At Aquileia, Saint Chromatius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Verona, Saint Lupus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Edessa, in Syria, Saint Nonnus the Bishop, by whose prayers Pelagia the penitent was converted to Christ.
At Troas, in Phrygia, Saint Silvanus the Bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Brescia, Saint Evasius the Bishop.
December 3
Saint Francis Xavier, Priest of the Society of Jesus and Confessor, Apostle of the Indies, heavenly Patron of the association and work of the Propagation of the Faith and of all Missions; who rested in peace on the day before this.
In Judea, Saint Zephaniah the Prophet.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Claudius the Tribune, and his wife Hilaria, their sons Jason and Maurus, with seventy soldiers. Of these, the Emperor Numerian ordered Claudius, tied to a huge stone, to be cast headlong into the river; and the soldiers and the sons of Claudius himself to be punished with the death sentence. Blessed Hilaria, moreover, after she had buried the bodies of her sons, shortly afterwards, while praying at their tomb, was seized by the Pagans, and, thrust into prison, departed to the Lord.
At Tangier, in Mauritania, the passion of Saint Cassian the Martyr, who, having long held the office of court recorder, at last, admiring the fearless replies of the blessed Centurion Marcellus and his immovable constancy in the faith of Christ, and being divinely inspired, considered it abominable to serve in the killing of Christians; and therefore, having renounced that office, he himself also, under Christian profession, was beheaded and merited to obtain the triumph of martyrdom.
Likewise in Africa, the holy Martyrs Claudius, Crispinus, Magina, John, and Stephen.
In Pannonia, Saint Agricola the Martyr.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Ambicus, Victor, and Julius.
At Milan, Saint Mirocletes, Bishop and Confessor; whom Saint Ambrose once mentions.
At Dorchester, in England, Saint Birinus, who was the first Bishop of that city.
At Chur, in Germany, Saint Lucius, King of the Britons, who was the first of those Kings to receive the faith of Christ, in the time of Saint Pope Eleutherius.
At Siena, in Tuscany, Saint Galganus the Hermit.
December 4
Saint Peter Chrysologus, Bishop of Ravenna, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, whose commemoration is recorded on the fourth day before the Nones of this month.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saint Barbara, Virgin and Martyr; who, in the persecution of Maximinus, after the harsh affliction of prison, the burning of torches, the cutting off of her breasts, and other torments, completed her martyrdom by the sword.
At Constantinople, Saints Theophanes and his Companions.
In Pontus, Blessed Meletius, Bishop and Confessor; who, though he was preeminent for his distinction in learning, was yet far more magnificent for the virtue of his soul and the sincerity of his life.
At Bologna, Saint Felix the Bishop, who had previously been a Deacon of the Church of Milan under Saint Ambrose.
In England, Saint Osmund, Bishop and Confessor.
At Cologne, Saint Anno the Bishop.
In Mesopotamia, Saint Maruthas the Bishop, who restored the Churches of God in Persia that had collapsed on account of the persecution of King Isdegerdes, and, renowned for many miracles, merited to be honored even among the enemy.
At Parma, Saint Bernard, Cardinal and Bishop of that same city, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
December 5
In Judea, Saint Sabbas the Abbot, born in the town of Mutalasca in Cappadocia, who shone forth with a wonderful example of holiness, and strenuously labored for the Catholic faith against those who opposed the holy Council of Chalcedon, and at last rested in peace in that lavra of the diocese of Jerusalem which was afterwards distinguished by the name of Saint Sabbas himself.
At Nice, near the river Var, Saint Bassus the Bishop, who, in the persecution of Decius and Valerian, by the Governor Perennius, for the faith of Christ, was tortured on the rack, burned with red-hot plates, beaten with clubs and scourges, thrown into fire, and, having escaped from it unharmed, was pierced with two nails, and completed an illustrious martyrdom.
At Pavia, Saint Dalmatius, Bishop and Martyr; who suffered in the persecution of Maximian.
At Corfinium, in the territory of the Peligni, Saint Pelinus, Bishop of Brindisi, who, when the temple of Mars collapsed on account of his prayer, under Julian the Apostate, was most cruelly beaten by the temple priests, and, pierced with eighty-five wounds, merited the crown of martyrdom.
Likewise, Saint Anastasius the Martyr, who, from the ardor of his desire for martyrdom, voluntarily offered himself to the persecutors.
At Thagura, in Africa, the holy Martyrs Julius, Potamia, Crispinus, Felix, Gratus, and seven others.
At Theveste, in Numidia, Saint Crispina, a most noble woman, who, in the times of Diocletian and Maximian, since she refused to sacrifice, was beheaded by order of the Proconsul Anolinus; whom Saint Augustine often celebrates with praises.
At Trier, Saint Nicetius the Bishop, a man of wondrous holiness.
At Polybotus, in Asia, Saint John the Bishop, surnamed the Wonderworker.
December 6
At Myra, which is the capital of Lycia, the heavenly birthday of Saint Nicholas, Bishop and Confessor, of whom, among many remarkable miracles, that memorable one is reported, that though far distant, he turned the Emperor Constantine to mercy by warnings and threats in a vision, saving certain men who were invoking him from death.
On the same day, Saint Polychronius the Priest, who, in the time of the Emperor Constantius, while celebrating Mass at the altar, was attacked by the Arians and slaughtered.
In Africa, Saint Majoricus, son of Saint Dionysia, who, being a young boy and dreading the torments, was strengthened by the gaze and words of his mother, and, made braver than the rest, gave up his soul amid the torments; whom his mother, having embraced, buried at home, and was accustomed to pray constantly at his tomb.
In the same place, the holy women Dionysia, who was the mother of Saint Majoricus the Martyr, Dativa, and Leontia; and likewise the devout men Tertius, Emilian the physician, and Boniface, with three others. All of these, in the Vandal persecution, under the Arian King Hunneric, tortured with the most grievous and innumerable punishments for the defense of the Catholic faith, merited to be joined to the number of the holy Confessors of Christ.
At Rome, Saint Asella the Virgin, who (as the blessed Jerome writes), blessed from her mother's womb, prolonged her life in fasting and prayer even to old age.
At Granada, in Spain, the passion of Blessed Peter Paschasius, Bishop of Jaen and Martyr, of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives.
December 7
The Vigil of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Saint Ambrose, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, who fell asleep in the Lord on the day before the Nones of April, but is principally venerated on this day, on which he undertook the governance of the Church of Milan.
At Rome, Blessed Eutychian the Pope, who with his own hand buried three hundred and forty-two Martyrs in various places; and, having himself been joined to them, under the Emperor Numerian, was crowned with martyrdom and buried in the Cemetery of Callistus.
At Alexandria, the heavenly birthday of Blessed Agatho the soldier, who, in the persecution of Decius, when he prevented certain persons who wished to mock the bodies of the Martyrs, a cry was suddenly raised against him by the whole mob; and having been brought before the Judge, and persisting in the confession of Christ, he was condemned to death for his piety.
At Antioch, the holy Martyrs Polycarp and Theodore.
At Thuburbo, in Africa, Saint Servus the Martyr, who, in the Vandal persecution, under the Arian King Hunneric, was beaten for a very long time with clubs, repeatedly raised aloft on pulleys and then dropped with a swift blow onto stones by the weight of his body, and scraped with the sharpest rocks, and obtained the palm of martyrdom.
At Teano, in Campania, Saint Urban, Bishop and Confessor.
At Saintes, in Gaul, Saint Martin, Abbot, at whose tomb very frequent miracles are wrought by divine power.
At Faremoutiers, in the territory of Meaux, the commemoration of Saint Fara, also called by the name Burgundofara, Abbess and Virgin, whose feast day is recorded on the third of the Nones of April.
December 8
The Immaculate Conception of the glorious ever-Virgin Mary, Mother of God, whom Pius IX, Supreme Pontiff, solemnly defined on this very recurring day to have been preserved, by a singular privilege of God, free from all stain of original sin.
At Trier, Saint Eucharius, who was a disciple of blessed Peter the Apostle and the first Bishop of that city.
At Alexandria, Saint Macarius, Martyr, who, in the time of Decius, when the judge urged him with many words to deny Christ, and he professed his faith with ever greater constancy, was finally ordered to be burned alive.
In Cyprus, Saint Sophronius, Bishop, who was a wondrous defender of wards, orphans, and widows, and a helper of the poor and all the oppressed.
In the monastery of Luxeuil, in Gaul, Saint Romaricus, Abbot, who, though he held the first place in the court of King Theodebert, renounced the world, and also surpassed all others in the praise of monastic observance.
At Constantinople, Saint Patapius, Hermit, renowned for his virtues and miracles.
At Rome, the Finding of the holy Martyrs Nemesius the Deacon, and his daughter Lucilla the Virgin, Symphronius, Olympius the Tribune, and his wife Exsuperia, and their son Theodulus; whose memorial is recorded on the eighth of the Kalends of September.
At Verona, the Ordination of Saint Zeno, Bishop.
December 9
At Carthage, Saint Restitutus, Bishop and Martyr, on whose solemnity Saint Augustine delivered a sermon about him to the people.
Also in Africa, the holy Martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassianus, Primitivus, and twenty others.
At Toledo, in Spain, the birthday of Saint Leocadia, Virgin and Martyr; who, in the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian, was imprisoned by Dacianus, Prefect of Spain, and cruelly tormented, and at last in that prison, when she had heard of the most grievous tortures of blessed Eulalia and the other Martyrs, she surrendered her unstained spirit to Christ, kneeling in prayer.
At Limoges, in Aquitaine, Saint Valeria, Virgin and Martyr.
At Verona, Saint Proculus, Bishop, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was struck with blows and beaten with clubs, driven from the city, and at last, restored to his church, rested in peace.
At Pavia, Saint Syrus, who was the first Bishop of that city, and was renowned for apostolic signs and virtues.
At Apamea, in Syria, blessed Julian, Bishop, who shone with holiness in the time of Severus.
At Gray, in Burgundy, Saint Peter Fourier, who was a Canon Regular of Our Savior, and the Founder of the Canonesses Regular of Our Lady for the education of girls; and, renowned for his virtues and miracles, was added to the catalogue of Saints by Leo XIII, Supreme Pontiff.
At Périgueux, in Gaul, Saint Cyprian, Abbot, a man of great holiness.
At Nazianzus, in Cappadocia, Saint Gorgonia, who was the daughter of blessed Nonna, and the sister of blessed Gregory the Theologian and Caesarius, whose virtues and miracles Gregory himself recorded in writing.
December 10
Saint Melchiades, Pope and Martyr, whose feast day is recorded on the third of the Ides of January.
At Rome, on the Ostian Way, the Dedication of the Basilica of Saint Paul the Apostle; which, together with the Dedication of the Basilica of Saint Peter, Prince of the Apostles, is celebrated with an annual solemnity on the fourteenth of the Kalends of December.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Carpophorus, Priest, and Abundius, Deacon; who, in the persecution of Diocletian, were first most cruelly beaten with clubs, then thrust into prison with food and drink denied them, and again tortured on the rack, and after this wasted away for a long time in prison, and finally struck down by the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Mennas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus; who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Lentini, in Sicily, the holy Martyrs Mercury and his Companion soldiers; who, under the Governor Tertyllus, in the time of the Emperor Licinius, were struck down by the sword.
At Ancyra, in Galatia, Saint Gemellus, Martyr, who, after terrible torments, under Julian the Apostate, completed his martyrdom by the punishment of the cross.
At Mérida, in Spain, the passion of Saint Eulalia, Virgin, who, under the Emperor Maximian, when she was twelve years old, there, by order of the Governor Dacianus, suffered very many torments for confessing Christ; finally, suspended on the rack and torn with iron hooks, with burning torches applied to both sides, she breathed in the fire and gave up her spirit.
Also in the same place, Saint Julia, Virgin and Martyr; who was the companion of blessed Eulalia, and clung to her as an inseparable companion as she hastened to her passion.
At Rome, blessed Pope Gregory III, who, illustrious for holiness and merits, passed to heaven.
At Vienne, in Gaul, Saint Sindulphus, Bishop and Confessor.
At Brescia, Saint Deusdedit, Bishop.
At Loreto, in Picenum, the Translation of the Holy House of Mary, Mother of God, in which house the Word was made flesh. Pope Benedict XV designated the most blessed Virgin herself, invoked under the title of Loreto, as the special Patroness before God of all aviators.
December 11
At Rome, Saint Damasus I, Pope and Confessor; who condemned the heresiarch Apollinaris, and restored Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, who had been driven into exile; he also found the bodies of many holy Martyrs, and adorned their memorials with verses.
Also at Rome, the passion of Saint Thrason, who, since he was feeding from his own resources Christians who were laboring in the baths and wearied with other public works and placed in prison, was seized by order of Maximian, and together with two others, namely Pontian and Praetextatus, was crowned with martyrdom.
At Amiens, in Gaul, the holy Martyrs Victricius and Fuscian, under the same Emperor, into whose nostrils and ears the Governor Rictiovarus ordered iron spikes to be thrust, and their temples to be pierced with burning nails, then their eyes to be torn out, and afterwards their bodies to be riddled with javelins; and so, together with Saint Gentian, their host, their heads having been cut off, they passed to the Lord.
In Persia, Saint Barsabas, Martyr.
In Spain, Saint Eutychius, Martyr.
At Piacenza, Saint Sabinus, Bishop, renowned for miracles.
At Constantinople, Saint Daniel the Stylite.
December 12
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Epimachus and Alexander, who, under the Emperor Decius, after they had been a long time in chains, and, subjected to various tortures, had persevered in the faith, were at last consumed by fire. Saint Epimachus, together with Saint Gordian the Martyr, is celebrated with a festive solemnity on the sixth of the Ides of May.
At Rome, Saint Synesius, Martyr, who, ordained as Lector in the time of blessed Pope Sixtus II, and, having converted many to Christ, was accused before the Emperor Aurelian, and received the crown of martyrdom by being struck with the sword.
On the same day, the holy Martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others.
At Trier, the holy Martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justin, and their Companions; who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian, under the Governor Rictiovarus.
At Alexandria, the holy women Ammonaria the Virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and another Ammonaria. The first of these, in the persecution of Decius, having overcome unheard-of kinds of tortures, received a blessed end of life by the stroke of the sword; the other three, however, since the judge was ashamed to be outdone by women, and feared that, if he subjected them to the same torments, he would be vanquished by their manly constancy as well, were immediately ordered to be beheaded.
December 13
At Syracuse, in Sicily, the birthday of Saint Lucy, Virgin and Martyr, in the persecution of Diocletian. This noble Virgin, when the procurers to whom she had been handed over by order of the Consul Paschasius, so that the populace might outrage her chastity, wanted to drag her away, could in no way be moved by them, neither with ropes added, nor with many yokes of oxen; then, overcoming pitch, resin, and boiling oil without any harm, she at last completed her martyrdom by being struck with a sword in the throat.
At Moulins, in Gaul, likewise the birthday of Saint Jane Frances Frémiot de Chantal, Widow, who was the Foundress of the Order of the Nuns of the Visitation of Saint Mary; and, illustrious for nobility of birth, for the holiness of life which she constantly led in four states of life, and for the gift of miracles, she was enrolled in the number of Saints by Clement XIII, Supreme Pontiff. Her sacred body was translated to Annecy, in Savoy, and entombed with solemn ceremony in the first church of her Order. Pope Clement XIV ordered her feast to be celebrated by the universal Church on the twelfth of the Kalends of September.
In Armenia, the passion of the holy Martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, in the persecution of Diocletian. Of these, Eustratius, first under Lysias, then at Sebasteia, under the Governor Agricolaus, together with Orestes, was tortured with exquisite torments, and cast into a furnace gave up his spirit; Orestes, however, placed upon a red-hot iron bed, passed to the Lord; the rest, among the Arabracians, driven by the most savage punishments under the Governor Lysias, completed their martyrdom in various ways. Their bodies, later translated to Rome, were honorably placed in the Church of Saint Apollinaris.
On the island of Sulci, near Sardinia, the passion of Saint Antiochus, under the Emperor Hadrian.
At Cambrai, in Gaul, Saint Authbert, Bishop and Confessor.
In the district of Ponthieu, in Gaul, Saint Judoc, Priest and Confessor.
In the territory of Strasbourg, Saint Othilia, Virgin.
December 14
At Úbeda, in Spain, the birthday of Saint John of the Cross, Priest and Confessor, the companion of Saint Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites; whom, having been inscribed among the Saints by the Supreme Pontiff Benedict XIII, Pope Pius XI declared a Doctor of the Universal Church. His feast, however, is celebrated on the eighth of the Kalends of December.
At Reims, in Gaul, the passion of Saint Nicasius, Bishop, and his sister Eutropia, Virgin, and their Companion Martyrs; who were slain by barbarian enemies of the Church.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore, and the boy Dioscorus. The first three of these, in the Decian persecution, when the judge, tearing them apart with various torments, saw them armed with equal constancy, he ordered to be given over to the flames; Dioscorus, however, having been scourged many times, was released by divine will for the consolation of the faithful.
At Antioch, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore.
On the same day, the passion of Saints Justus and Abundius, who, under the Emperor Numerian and the Governor Olybrius, were cast into the fire, and, when they had escaped from it unharmed, were struck down by the sword.
In Cyprus, the birthday of blessed Spiridon, Bishop, who was one of those Confessors whom Galerius Maximian had condemned to the mines after gouging out their right eye and cutting the sinew of their left knee. He was renowned for the gift of prophecy and the glory of miracles, and at the Council of Nicaea he vanquished a pagan philosopher who was mocking the Christian religion, and brought him to the faith.
At Bergamo, Saint Viator, Bishop and Confessor.
At Pavia, Saint Pompeius, Bishop.
At Naples, in Campania, Saint Agnellus, Abbot, illustrious for the power of miracles, who was often seen liberating the besieged city from enemies with the banner of the Cross.
At Milan, Saint Matronianus, Hermit.
December 15
The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Irenaeus, Antonius, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others, who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Valerian.
In Africa, the passion of Saints Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Caelianus, Marcus, Januarius, and Fortunatus.
In the same place, Saint Valerian, Bishop, who, being more than eighty years old, in the Vandal persecution, under the Arian King Genseric, was summoned by him to hand over the vessels of the Church, and when he had steadfastly refused, was ordered to be driven out of the city alone; and since it was decreed that no one should allow him to dwell either in a house or in a field, he lay for a long time on the public road under the open sky, and, in the confession and defense of Catholic truth, completed the course of a blessed life.
In the territory of Orléans, Saint Maximinus, Confessor.
Among the Iberians, beyond the Black Sea, Saint Christiana, a handmaid, who by the power of miracles brought that people to the faith of Christ in the time of Constantine.
At Vercelli, the Ordination of Saint Eusebius, Bishop and Martyr.
December 16
Saint Eusebius, Bishop of Vercelli and Martyr; whose feast day is recorded on the Kalends of August, and his Ordination on the eighteenth of the Kalends of January.
The Holy Three Youths, that is, Ananias, Azarias, and Misael; whose bodies are placed at Babylon, beneath a certain cave.
At Ravenna, the holy Martyrs Valentine, master of soldiers, and his son Concordius, together with Navalis and Agricola; who suffered for Christ in the persecution of Maximian.
At Formia, in Campania, Saint Albina, Virgin and Martyr, under the Emperor Decius.
In Africa, the passion of very many holy Virgins, who, in the Vandal persecution, under the Arian King Huneric, having endured hangings, weights, and red-hot plates, happily completed the contest of martyrdom.
At Vienne, in Gaul, blessed Ado, Bishop and Confessor.
In Ireland, Saint Bean, Bishop.
At Gaza, in Palestine, Saint Irenion, Bishop.
December 17
At Rome, the birthday of Saint John of Matha, Priest and Confessor, who was the Founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives. His feast, however, by disposition of Pope Innocent XI, is celebrated on the sixth of the Ides of February.
At Marseilles, in Gaul, blessed Lazarus, Bishop, brother of Saints Mary Magdalene and Martha, whom the Lord is recorded in the Gospel to have called His friend and to have raised from the dead.
At Eleutheropolis, in Palestine, the holy Martyrs Florian, Calanicus, and their fifty-eight Companions; who, in the time of the Emperor Heraclius, were slain by the Saracens for the faith of Christ.
In the monastery of Fulda, Saint Sturmi, Abbot and Apostle of Saxony; whom Pope Innocent II, at the Second Lateran Council, enrolled in the number of Saints.
At Bigard, near Brussels, in Brabant, Saint Wivina, Virgin, whose outstanding holiness is attested by frequent miracles.
At Constantinople, Saint Olympias, Widow.
At Andenne, near Sept-Églises, in Belgium, blessed Begga, Widow, who was the sister of Saint Gertrude.
On the same day, the Translation of Saint Ignatius, Bishop and Martyr; who, the third after blessed Peter the Apostle, governed the Church of Antioch. His body was carried from the city of Rome, where he had gloriously completed his martyrdom under Trajan on the thirteenth of the Kalends of January, to Antioch, and was placed there in the cemetery of the Church, outside the Daphne gate; on which solemnity Saint John Chrysostom delivered a sermon to the people. Later, however, his relics were again translated to Rome, and deposited with the greatest veneration in the Church of Saint Clement, together with the body of that most blessed Pope and Martyr.
December 18
At Philippi, in Macedonia, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, who were of that number of disciples through whom the primitive Church was founded among the Jews and the Greeks; of whose blessed contest also Saint Polycarp writes in his epistle to the Philippians.
At Laodicea, in Syria, the passion of Saints Theotimus and Basilianus. In Africa, the holy Martyrs Quinctus, Simplicius, and others; who suffered under the persecution of Decius and Valerian.
In the same place, Saint Moses, Martyr.
Also in Africa, the holy Martyrs Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others.
At Mopsuestia, in Cilicia, Saint Auxentius, Bishop, who, formerly a soldier under Licinius, chose rather to lay down his military belt than to offer grapes to Bacchus; and having been made Bishop, rested in peace, illustrious in merits.
At Tours, in Gaul, Saint Gatian, Bishop, who was ordained by Saint Pope Fabian as the first Bishop of that city, and, renowned for many miracles, fell asleep in the Lord.
December 19
In Mauretania, Saint Timothy, Deacon, who, for the faith of Christ, after terrible imprisonments, was cast into the fire and completed his martyrdom.
At Alexandria, blessed Nemesius, Martyr, who, first falsely accused before the judge as a robber, and acquitted of that charge, was soon, in the persecution of Decius, accused before the judge Aemilianus on the charge of being a Christian; by whom, tortured with doubled punishments, he was ordered to be burned with robbers, bearing the likeness of the Savior, who endured the cross together with robbers.
At Nicaea, in Bithynia, the holy Martyrs Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus.
At Nicomedia, the holy Martyrs Cyriacus, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Syndimius, and their Companions.
At Gaza, in Palestine, the passion of Saints Meuris and Thea.
At Rome, the burial of Saint Anastasius, Pope the First, a man of the richest poverty and apostolic solicitude, whom (as Saint Jerome says) Rome did not deserve to have for long, lest the capital of the world be cut down under such a Bishop; for, not long after his death, Rome was captured and sacked by the Goths.
At Auxerre, Saint Gregory, Bishop and Confessor.
At Orléans, in Gaul, Saint Adjutus, Abbot, illustrious for his prophetic spirit.
At Rome, Saint Fausta, who was the mother of Saint Anastasia, and was distinguished for her nobility and piety.
At Avignon, blessed Pope Urban V, who, having restored the Apostolic See to Rome, accomplished the union of the Greeks with the Latins, and restrained the infidels, served the Church most excellently. His long-established veneration was ratified and confirmed by Pius IX, Supreme Pontiff.
December 20
The Vigil of Saint Thomas the Apostle.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Zephyrinus, Pope and Martyr. His feast, however, is celebrated on the seventh of the Kalends of September.
In the same place, the passion of Saint Ignatius, Bishop and Martyr; who, the third after blessed Peter the Apostle, governed the Church of Antioch. He, in the persecution of Trajan, condemned to the beasts, was sent in chains to Rome; and there, with the Senate assembled around, he was first subjected to the most savage tortures of punishment, then thrown to lions, by whose teeth he was devoured, and became a victim for Christ. His feast, however, is celebrated on the Kalends of February.
Also at Rome, the holy Martyrs Liberatus and Bajulus.
In Arabia, the holy Martyrs Eugene and Macarius, Priests, who, when they had reproved the impiety of Julian the Apostate, were subjected to the most savage blows, and banished to a vast desert, and struck down by the sword.
At Alexandria, the holy soldiers and Martyrs Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemaeus, Ingenes, and Theophilus; who, standing at the tribunals, when a certain Christian, placed under torture, was trembling and already nearly inclining to deny the faith, tried to encourage him with their faces, eyes, and gestures. And when on this account the clamor of the whole populace broke out against them, they rushed into the midst and declared themselves to be Christians; through whose victory Christ, who had given them that constancy of spirit, most gloriously triumphed.
At Gelduba, in Germany, Saint Julius, Martyr.
At Antioch, the birthday of Saint Philogonius, Bishop, who, summoned by divine will from his work as an advocate to govern that Church, entered the first contest for the Catholic faith against Arius, together with Saint Alexander the Bishop and his companions, and, renowned in merits, rested in the Lord; whose annual feast Saint John Chrysostom celebrated with a famous encomium.
At Brescia, Saint Dominic, Bishop and Confessor.
In Spain, the burial of Saint Dominic of Silos, Abbot, of the Order of Saint Benedict, most celebrated for miracles in the liberation of captives.
December 21
At Calamina, the birthday of blessed Thomas the Apostle, who preached the Gospel to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, and Hyrcanians; and at last reached India, and there, after he had instructed those peoples in the Christian religion, was pierced through with lances by order of the King and died. His relics were first translated to the city of Edessa, in Mesopotamia, and then to Ortona, among the Frentani.
At Fribourg in Switzerland, likewise the birthday of Saint Peter Canisius, Priest of the Society of Jesus and Confessor, illustrious for learning and holiness; who, in the most difficult times of Germany, vigorously defended and propagated the Catholic faith. Pius XI, Supreme Pontiff, enrolled him in the catalogue of Saints, and at the same time declared him a Doctor of the Universal Church, and decreed that his feast should be celebrated on the fifth of the Kalends of May.
At Antioch, Saint Anastasius, Bishop and Martyr; who, in the time of the Emperor Phocas, was most cruelly slain by the Jews in a revolt they had made against the Christians.
At Nicomedia, Saint Glycerius, Priest, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, was afflicted with many torments, and at last, cast into the fire, completed his martyrdom.
In Tuscany, the holy Martyrs John and Festus.
In Lycia, Saint Themistocles, Martyr, who, under the Emperor Decius, offered himself in place of Saint Dioscorus, who was being sought for death, and, tortured on the rack, dragged about and beaten with clubs, obtained the crown of martyrdom.
At Trier, Saint Severinus, Bishop and Confessor.
December 22
At Rome, on the Lavican Way, between the Two Laurels, the birthday of the thirty holy Martyrs, who were all crowned with martyrdom on a single day, in the persecution of Diocletian.
Also at Rome, Saint Flavian, former Prefect, husband of the blessed Martyr Dafrosa and father of the blessed Virgins and Martyrs Bibiana and Demetria; who, under Julian the Apostate, was condemned for Christ by public inscription, and sent into exile at Aquae Taurinae, in Etruria, and there gave up his spirit to God in prayer.
In Egypt, Saints Chaeremon, Bishop of Nilopolis, and very many other Martyrs. Of these, some, scattered in flight during the raging persecution of Decius, wandering in the desert, were killed by wild beasts; others were consumed by hunger, cold, and sickness; others were slain by barbarians and robbers; and so all, by different kinds of death, were crowned with the same glory of martyrdom.
At Ostia on the Tiber, the holy Martyrs Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus.
At Alexandria, Saint Ischyrion, Martyr, who, when he was compelled by abuse and insults to sacrifice and refused, was therefore pierced through the middle of his body with a sharpened stake and put to death.
At Nicomedia, Saint Zeno, a soldier, who, when he had mocked Diocletian as he was sacrificing to Ceres, had his jaws broken and his teeth knocked out, and was beheaded.
At Chicago, Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini, Virgin, Foundress of the Institute of the Missionary Sisters of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, distinguished for extraordinary charity, invincible fortitude of spirit, and humility, whom Pope Pius XII enrolled in the catalogue of Saints and appointed as the heavenly Patroness before God of all emigrants.
December 23
At Rome, Saint Victoria, Virgin and Martyr, who, in the persecution of the Emperor Decius, since she was betrothed to the pagan Eugenius and would neither marry nor sacrifice, therefore, after she had worked many miracles by which she had gathered very many Virgins for God, she was struck by the executioner with a sword in the heart, at the request of her betrothed.
At Nicomedia, the passion of Saints Migdonius and Mardonius, of whom one, in the persecution of Diocletian, was burned with fire, and the other was thrown into a pit and perished. At that time also the Deacon of Saint Anthimus, Bishop of Nicomedia, suffered; who, when he was carrying letters to the Martyrs, was seized by the pagans, and, buried under stones, passed to the Lord.
In the same place, the birthday of the twenty holy Martyrs, whom the Diocletian persecution itself, having tortured them with the most grievous torments, made Martyrs of Christ.
In Crete, the holy Martyrs Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomenes, Agathopus, Basilides, and Evaristus; who, in the persecution of Decius, suffered cruel torments and were beheaded.
At Rome, blessed Servulus, who (as Saint Pope Gregory writes), from the earliest age of his life until the end, lay paralyzed in a portico near the Church of Saint Clement, and at last, invited by the singing of Angels, passed to the glory of paradise; at whose tomb God most frequently displayed miracles.
December 24
The Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ. At Cracow, in Poland, the birthday of Saint John of Kenty, Priest and Confessor, whom, illustrious for learning, zeal in propagating the faith, virtues, and miracles, Clement XIII, Supreme Pontiff, enrolled in the number of Saints. His feast, however, is celebrated on the thirteenth of the Kalends of November.
At Spoleto, Saint Gregory, Priest and Martyr; who, in the times of the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian, was first beaten with knotted clubs, and then, after the gridiron and prison, was struck on the knees with iron thistles, and also burned on the sides with blazing torches, and was finally beheaded.
At Tripoli, in Phoenicia, the holy Martyrs Lucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus.
At Nicomedia, Saint Euthymius, Martyr, who, in the persecution of Diocletian, after he had sent many ahead to martyrdom, he himself, pierced through with a sword, followed them to the crown.
At Antioch, the birthday of forty holy Virgins, who, in the Decian persecution, completed their martyrdom through various torments.
At Bordeaux, Saint Delphinus, Bishop, who, in the time of Theodosius, was renowned for his holiness.
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Tharsilla, Virgin, aunt of Saint Gregory the Pope, of whom he himself testifies that at the hour of her death she saw Jesus coming to her.
At Trier, Saint Irmina, Virgin, daughter of King Dagobert.
December 25
In the year from the creation of the world, when in the beginning God created heaven and earth, 5199; from the flood, in the year 2957; from the birth of Abraham, in the year 2015; from Moses and the departure of the people of Israel from Egypt, in the year 1510; from the anointing of David as King, in the year 1032; in the sixty-fifth week, according to the prophecy of Daniel; in the one hundred and ninety-fourth Olympiad; from the founding of the city of Rome, in the year 752; in the forty-second year of the reign of Octavian Augustus, the whole world being at peace, in the sixth age of the world, Jesus Christ, eternal God and Son of the eternal Father, wishing to consecrate the world by His most merciful coming, conceived by the Holy Spirit, and nine months having elapsed since His conception (Here the voice is raised, and all kneel), is born in Bethlehem of Judea of the Virgin Mary, made Man.
This, however, is said in the earlier voice, and in the tone of the Passion:
The Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.
What follows is read in the customary tone of the Lesson; and all rise.
On the same day, the birthday of Saint Anastasia, who, in the time of Diocletian, first endured a harsh and cruel imprisonment from her husband Publius, in which, however, she was greatly consoled and strengthened by Chrysogonus, a Confessor of Christ; then, wasted away by prolonged custody under Florus, Prefect of Illyricum, at last, with her hands and feet stretched out, she was bound to stakes, and a fire was kindled around her, in which she completed her martyrdom on the island of Palmaria, to which she had been deported together with two hundred men and seventy women, who celebrated their martyrdom by various forms of death.
At Barcelona, in Spain, likewise the birthday of Saint Peter Nolasco, Confessor, who was the Founder of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives, and was renowned for his virtue and miracles. His feast, however, is celebrated on the fifth day before the Kalends of February.
At Rome, in the cemetery of Apronianus, Saint Eugenia, Virgin, daughter of the blessed Martyr Philip, who, in the time of the Emperor Gallienus, after very many outstanding deeds of virtue, after gathering sacred choirs of Virgins for Christ, long contended under the Prefect of the City Nicetius, and at last was slain by the sword.
At Nicomedia, the passion of many thousands of Martyrs, who, when they had assembled at the Lord's house on the Nativity of Christ, the Emperor Diocletian ordered the doors of the church to be shut, and fire to be prepared all around, and a tripod with incense to be placed before the doors, and a herald to proclaim in a loud voice that those who wished to escape the fire should come out and burn incense to Jupiter; and when all with one voice had answered that they would rather die for Christ, the fire was set and they were consumed, and thus on that day they merited to be born in heaven, on which Christ once deigned to be born on earth for the salvation of the world.
December 26
At Jerusalem, the birthday of Saint Stephen, the First Martyr, who was stoned by the Jews not long after the Ascension of the Lord.
At Rome, Saint Marinus, a man of the Senatorial order, who, under the Emperor Numerian and the Prefect Marcian, was arrested for the Christian religion, punished on the rack and with hooks in the manner of a slave, then cast into a frying pan, but, the fire being changed into dew, was freed; also thrown to wild beasts and in no way harmed by them; finally, led again to the altar, and, when the idols had fallen at his prayer, struck with the sword, he attained the triumph of martyrdom.
Likewise at Rome, on the Appian Way, the burial of Saint Dionysius, Pope, who, having expended many labors for the Church, shone brightly with teachings of the faith.
Also at Rome, Saint Zosimus, Pope and Confessor.
In Mesopotamia, Saint Archelaus, Bishop, celebrated for his learning and holiness.
At Maiuma, in Palestine, Saint Zeno, Bishop.
At Rome, Saint Theodore, who was the Sacristan of the Church of Saint Peter, and whom blessed Pope Gregory also mentions.
December 27
At Ephesus, the birthday of Saint John, Apostle and Evangelist, who, after writing the Gospel, after his banishment into exile and the divine Apocalypse, persevering until the times of the Emperor Trajan, founded and governed the churches of all Asia, and at last, worn out by old age, died in the sixty-eighth year after the Passion of the Lord, and was buried near the same city.
At Constantinople, the holy Confessors Theodore and Theophanes, brothers, who, nurtured from boyhood in the monastery of Saint Sabbas in Palestine, when they afterwards strenuously contended for the veneration of the holy Images against Leo the Armenian, were by his command scourged and banished into exile. But when that same Leo had died, again steadfastly resisting the Emperor Theophilus, who was held by the same impiety, they were again beaten and driven into exile, where Theodore died in prison. Theophanes, however, when peace was at last restored to the Church, was made Bishop of the city of Nicaea, and, illustrious for the glory of his confession, rested in the Lord.
At Alexandria, Saint Maximus, Bishop, who was made quite illustrious and distinguished by the title of confessor.
At Constantinople, Saint Nicarete, Virgin, who, under the Emperor Arcadius, was renowned for her holiness.
December 28
In Bethlehem of Judea, the birthday of the holy Innocent Martyrs, who were killed for Christ by King Herod.
At Lyon, in Gaul, likewise the birthday of Saint Francis de Sales, Bishop of Geneva and Confessor; whom, distinguished for his learning and most ardent zeal in converting heretics, Pope Alexander VII enrolled among the Saints, and decreed that his feast should be celebrated on the fourth day before the Kalends of February, on which day his sacred body was translated from Lyon to Annecy, in Savoy. Pope Pius IX declared him a Doctor of the Universal Church; and Pope Pius XI gave or confirmed him as the heavenly Patron of all Catholic writers who, through newspapers and other published writings, illustrate, promote, and defend Christian wisdom.
At Ancyra, in Galatia, the holy Martyrs Eutychius, Priest, and Domitian, Deacon.
In Africa, the birthday of the holy Martyrs Castor, Victor, and Rogatian.
At Nicomedia, the holy Martyrs Indis the eunuch, Domna and Agape and Theophila, Virgins, and their Companions; who, in the persecution of Diocletian, after long struggles, attained the crown of martyrdom by various forms of death.
At Neocaesarea, in Pontus, Saint Troadius, Martyr, in the persecution of Decius; to whom indeed, as Troadius struggled, Saint Gregory the Wonderworker was present in spirit and strengthened him to undergo martyrdom.
At Arabissus, in Lesser Armenia, Saint Caesarius, Martyr, who suffered under Galerius Maximian.
At Rome, Saint Domnio, Priest.
In the monastery of Lerins, in Gaul, Saint Anthony, Monk, renowned for his miracles.
December 29
At Canterbury, in England, the birthday of Saint Thomas, Bishop and Martyr, who, for the defense of justice and ecclesiastical immunity, was struck with the sword in his own Basilica by a faction of impious men, and as a Martyr passed to Christ.
At Jerusalem, Saint David, King and Prophet.
At Arles, in Gaul, the birthday of Saint Trophimus, whom Saint Paul mentions writing to Timothy. This same Trophimus, ordained Bishop by the same Apostle, was the first sent to the aforesaid city to preach the Gospel of Christ; from the fountain of whose preaching (as Pope Saint Zosimus writes) all of Gaul received the streams of faith.
At Rome, the holy Martyrs Callistus, Felix, and Boniface.
In Africa, the passion of the holy Martyrs Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus.
At Constantinople, Saint Marcellus, Abbot.
In the district of Ouche, in Gaul, Saint Ebrulph, Abbot and Confessor, in the time of King Childebert.
At Vienne, in Gaul, the Commemoration of Saint Crescens, Bishop and Martyr, who was a disciple of the blessed Apostle Paul and the first Bishop of that city, and whose birthday is celebrated on the fifth day before the Kalends of July.
December 30
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Felix I, Pope and Martyr, who governed the Church under the Emperor Aurelian. His feast, however, is celebrated on the third day before the Kalends of June.
At Spoleto, likewise the birthday of the holy Martyrs Sabinus, Bishop of Assisi, and Exuperantius and Marcellus, Deacons, and the Governor Venustian with his wife and children, under the Emperor Maximian. Of these, Marcellus and Exuperantius, first suspended on the rack, then severely beaten with clubs, and finally scraped with hooks and roasted by the burning of their sides, completed their martyrdom; Venustian, not long after, together with his wife and children, was slain by the sword; Saint Sabinus, however, after the cutting off of his hands and prolonged wasting in prison, was beaten to death. Their martyrdom, although it occurred at different times, is nevertheless commemorated on one day.
At Alexandria, the holy Martyrs Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their Companions.
At Thessalonica, Saint Anysia, Martyr.
Likewise there, Saint Anysius, Bishop of the same city.
At Milan, Saint Eugenius, Bishop and Confessor.
At Ravenna, Saint Liberius, Bishop.
At Aquila, in the Vestini region, Saint Rainerius, Bishop.
December 31
At Rome, the birthday of Saint Sylvester I, Pope and Confessor; who baptized the great Emperor Constantine, and confirmed the Council of Nicaea, and, having accomplished many other most holy deeds, rested in peace.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, in the cemetery of Priscilla, the holy Martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and their Companions.
At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, Bishop, and Potentian; who, sent there by the Roman Pontiff to preach, illuminated that same metropolis by the martyrdom of their confession.
At Catania, in Sicily, the passion of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attalus, Fabian, Cornelius, Sextus, Florus, Quinctian, Minervinus, and Simplician.
At Sens, Saint Columba, Virgin and Martyr; who, having overcome the fire, in the persecution of the Emperor Aurelian, was struck down by the sword.
On the same day, Saint Zoticus, a Roman Priest; who, having gone to Constantinople, there undertook the care of feeding orphans.
At Ravenna, Saint Barbatian, Priest and Confessor.
In the district of Lalouvesc, in the diocese of Vienne, in Dauphiny, the burial of Saint John Francis Regis, Priest of the Society of Jesus and Confessor, a man of extraordinary charity and patience in procuring the salvation of souls; whom Pope Clement XII enrolled in the canon of Saints.
At Ratiaria, Saint Hermes, Exorcist.
At Paris, Saint Catherine Laboure, Virgin, of the Society of the Daughters of Charity, who was gifted by the Immaculate Mother of God with a singular manifestation of the Sacred Medal, was distinguished for her virtues and miracles, and was enrolled among the holy Virgins by Pope Pius XII.
On the same day, Saint Melania the Younger, who, with her husband Pinian, departed from the city of Rome and went to Jerusalem; and there she among women consecrated to God and her husband among monks practiced the religious life, and both rested with a holy end.
And elsewhere, many other holy Martyrs, and Confessors, and holy Virgins.
R). Thanks be to God.
Index of All Saints
A
Aaron, the first Priest of the Levitical order, on Mount Hor. July 1.
Aaron, Martyr in Britain under Diocletian, below with Julius. July 1.
Abachum, Martyr at Rome under Claudius, below with his father Marius. January 19.
Abdechalas, Priest, Martyr in Persia under Sapor, below with Simeon. April 21.
Obadiah the Prophet, at Samaria. November 19.
Abdiesus, Deacon, Martyr in Persia under Sapor. April 22.
Abdon and Sennen, Persians, Martyrs at Rome under Decius. July 30.
Abercius, Bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia Salutaris. October 22.
The Finding of Abibo, at Jerusalem, below with the Finding of Stephen. August 3.
Abibus, Deacon, Martyr at Edessa under Licinius. November 15.
Abilius, Bishop of Alexandria. February 22.
Abraham the Hermit, in Syria. March 6.
Abraham, Confessor, at Clermont. June 15.
Abraham, Patriarch and Father of all believers. October 9.
The Abrahamite Monks, Martyrs at Constantinople under Theophilus. July 8.
Absalon, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia, below with Lucius. March 2.
Abudemius, Martyr on the island of Tenedos under Diocletian. July 15.
Abundantius, Martyr, below with Leo. March 1.
Abundantius, Deacon, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, below with Abundius. September 16.
The Finding of the same Abundantius, at Rome, below with Felix. July 29.
Abundius, Martyr at Rome, below with Alexander. February 27.
Abundius, Bishop of Como. April 2.
Abundius, Sacristan of the Church of Saint Peter, at Rome. April 14.
Abundius, Priest, Martyr at Cordoba. July 11.
Abundius, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with Irenaeus. August 26.
Abundius, Priest, Abundantius, Deacon, Marcian and his son John, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian. September 16.
The Finding of the same Abundius and Abundantius, at Rome, below with Felix. July 29.
Abundius, Deacon, Martyr under Diocletian, below with Carpophorus. December 10.
Abundius, Martyr under Numerian, below with Justus. December 14.
Acacius, Priest, Martyr at Sebaste under Diocletian, below with Hirenarchus. November 27.
Acatius, Bishop of Amida. April 9.
Acatius, Martyr at Prusa, below with Patrick. April 28.
Acatius, Martyr at Miletus under Licinius. July 28.
Accursius, of the Order of Friars Minor, Martyr at Morocco, below with Berard. January 16.
Acepsimas, Bishop, Martyr in Persia under Sapor. April 22.
Achillas, Bishop of Alexandria. November 7.
Achilleus, Deacon, Martyr at Valence, in Gaul, below with Felix. April 23.
Achilleus the eunuch, disciple of blessed Peter, Martyr (at Terracina), below with his brother Nereus, at Rome. May 12.
Acindynus, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, below with Victor. April 20.
Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpidiphorus, Anempodistus, and very many Companions, Martyrs in Persia. November 2.
Acisclus and his sister Victoria, Martyrs at Cordoba under Diocletian. November 17.
Acutius, Martyr at Pozzuoli under Diocletian, below with Januarius. September 19.
Acyllinus, Martyr at Carthage, below among the Scillitan Martyrs. July 17.
Adalbert, Bishop of Prague, Martyr in the Prussian village of Tenkitten. April 23.
Adauctus, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian and Maximian, below with Felix. August 30.
Adaucus, a noble Italian and Quaestor, with very many others, citizens of one city, Martyrs in Phrygia under Galerius Maximian. February 7.
Adelbert, in Holland. June 25.
Adelphus, Bishop of Metz. August 29.
Aderitus, Bishop of Ravenna. September 27.
Adjutor, in Campania, Confessor under the Vandals, below with Priscus. September 1.
Adjutor, Martyr in Africa, below with Victurus. December 18.
Adjutus, of the Order of Friars Minor, Martyr at Morocco, below with Berard. January 16.
Adjutus, Abbot, at Orleans. December 19.
Ado, Bishop of Vienne. December 16.
Adria, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with Eusebius. December 2.
Adrio, Victor, and Basilla, Martyrs at Alexandria. May 17.
Adulphus and John, brothers, Martyrs at Cordoba. September 27.
Adventor, a soldier, Martyr at Turin under Maximian, below with Octavius. November 20.
Aedesius, Martyr at Alexandria under Maximian Galerius. April 8.
Aegidius (Giles), Abbot, in the province of Narbonne. September 1.
Aemilia de Vialar, Virgin, Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Apparition, at Marseille. August 24.
Aemiliana, Virgin, at Rome. January 5.
Aemiliana, Martyr at Rome. June 30.
Aemilian, Martyr in Lesser Armenia, below with Dionysius. February 8.
Aemilian, a soldier, Martyr at Cirta under Valerian, below with Agapius. April 30.
Aemilian, Martyr at Durostorum under Julian. July 18.
Aemilian, Bishop of Cyzicus, Confessor under Leo. August 8.
Aemilian, Bishop of Vercelli. September 11.
Aemilian, at Rennes. October 11.
Aemilian, Priest, at Tarazona. November 12.
Aemilian, a physician, Confessor in Africa under Hunneric, below with Dionysia. December 6.
Aemilius, Martyr in Africa, below with Castus. May 22.
Aemilius, Felix, Priamus, and Lucian, Martyrs in Sardinia. May 28.
Aemilius, Martyr at Capua, below with Marcellus. October 6.
Aetherius, Bishop, Martyr at Chersonesus, below with Basil. March 4.
Aetherius, Bishop of Vienne. June 14.
Aetherius, Martyr under Diocletian. June 18.
Aetherius, Bishop of Auxerre. July 27.
Afra, Martyr at Brescia under Hadrian. May 24.
Afra, Martyr at Augsburg. August 5.
Africanus, Martyr in Africa under Decius, below with Terentius. April 10.
Agabius, Bishop of Verona. August 4.
Agabus the Prophet, at Antioch. February 13.
Agapes, Martyr, below with Donatus. January 25.
Agapes, Virgin, Martyr at Interamna. February 15.
Agapes and Chionia, sisters, Virgins, Martyrs at Thessalonica under Diocletian. April 3.
Agapes, Virgin, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, below with Indis. December 28.
Agapitus, Bishop of Ravenna. March 16.
Agapitus, Bishop of Synnada. March 24.
Agapitus, Pope the First, at Constantinople. April 22. — Translation of the same Agapitus, at Rome. September 20.
Agapitus, Deacon, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with Sixtus. August 6.
Agapitus, a boy of fifteen years, Martyr at Praeneste under Aurelian. August 18.
Agapitus, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian, below with his father Eustachius. September 20.
Agapitus, Martyr at Heraclea in Thrace, below with Bassus. November 20.
Agapius, Martyr at Caesarea under Diocletian, below with Timolaus. March 24.
Agapius, Martyr, below with Aphrodisius. April 28.
Agapius and Secundinus, Bishops, Aemilianus the soldier, Tertulla and Antonia, Virgins, and a woman with her twins, Martyrs at Cirta under Valerian. April 29.
Agapius, Martyr in Palestine under Diocletian, below with Timothy. August 19.
Agapius, Martyr at Edessa under Maximian, below with his mother Bassa. August 21.
Agapius, Bishop of Novara. September 10.
Agapius, Martyr at Sebaste under Licinius, below with Carterius. November 2.
Agapius, Martyr at Caesarea under Galerius Maximian. November 20.
Agatha, Virgin, Martyr at Catania under Decius. February 5.
Agathangelus, Martyr at Ancyra under Diocletian. January 23.
Agathius the Centurion, Martyr at Constantinople under Diocletian and Maximian. May 8.
Agatho, Pope, at Rome. January 10.
Agatho the Exorcist, Martyr at Alexandria, below with Cyrio. February 14.
Agatho and Triphina, Martyrs in Sicily. July 5.
Agatho the soldier, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius. December 7.
Agathoclia the handmaid, Martyr. September 17.
Agathodorus, Bishop, Martyr at Chersonesus, below with Basil. March 4.
Agathodorus the slave, Martyr at Pergamum under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, below with his master Carpus. April 13.
Agathonica, Martyr at Pergamum under Marcus Antonius Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, below with her brother Carpus. April 13.
Agathonica, Virgin, Martyr at Carthage, below with Bassa. August 10.
Agathonicus, Zoticus, and Companions, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Maximian. August 22.
Agathopus the Deacon and Theodulus the Lector, Martyrs at Thessalonica under Maximian. April 4.
Agathopus the Deacon, at Antioch, below with Philo. April 25.
Agathopus, Martyr in Crete under Decius, below with Theodulus. December 23.
Agericus, Bishop of Verdun. December 1.
Aggaeus, Martyr at Bologna under Maximian, below with Hermes. January 4.
Haggai the Prophet, below with Hosea. July 4.
Agileus, Martyr at Carthage. October 15.
Aglibertus, Martyr in the village of Christolium, below with Agoardus. June 24.
Agnellus, Abbot, at Naples. December 14.
Agnes, Virgin, Martyr at Rome. January 21. — The same Agnes, a second time, at Rome. January 28.
Agnes, Virgin of the Order of Saint Dominic, at Montepulciano. April 20.
Agoardus, Aglibertus, and innumerable others, Martyrs in the village of Christolium. June 24.
Agricola, Bishop of Chalon. March 17.
Agricola, Martyr at Bologna, below with his servant Vitalis. November 4.
Agricola, Martyr in Pannonia. December 3.
Agricola, Martyr at Ravenna under Maximian, below with Valentinus. December 16.
Agrippina, Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Valerian. June 23.
Agrippinus, Bishop of Naples. November 9.
Agritius, Bishop of Trier. January 13.
Aichardus, Abbot. September 15.
Aidan, Bishop of Lindisfarne. August 31.
Aigulphus, Abbot of Lerins, and his Companion Monks, Martyrs. September 3.
Aithalas the Priest, Martyr in Persia under Shapur. April 22.
Albanus, Martyr at Mainz. June 21.
Albanus and a certain soldier, Martyrs at Verulamium under Diocletian. June 22.
Albert, of the Carmelite Order, at Messina. August 7.
Albert the Great, of the Order of Preachers, Bishop and Doctor of the Church, at Cologne. November 15.
Albert, Bishop of Liege, Martyr at Rheims. November 21.
Albina, Virgin, Martyr at Formiae under Decius. December 16.
Albinus, Bishop of Lyon. September 15.
Albuinus, Bishop of Sabiona and Brixen, at Brixen. February 5.
Aldegundis, Virgin, in the monastery of Maubeuge in Hainaut. January 30.
Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne. May 25.
Alexander, Bishop of Fermo and Martyr. January 11.
Alexander the elder, Martyr under Decius. January 30.
Alexander and thirty-eight others, Martyrs at Rome. February 9.
Alexander, Martyr at Soli, below with Ammonius. February 9.
Alexander, Martyr at Ostia Tiberina under Diocletian, below with his uncle Maximus. February 18.
Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria. February 26.
Alexander, Abundius, Antigonus, and Fortunatus, Martyrs at Rome. February 27.
Alexander, Martyr at Apamea in Phrygia, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus, below with Caius. March 10.
Alexander and Theodorus, Martyrs at Rome. March 17.
Alexander the Bishop, Martyr at Caesarea under Decius. March 18.
Alexander, and likewise another Alexander, Martyrs at Caesarea under Diocletian, below with Timolaus. March 24.
Alexander the soldier, Martyr at Drizipara under Maximian. March 27.
Alexander, Martyr at Caesarea under Valerian, below with Priscus. March 28.
Alexander and thirty-four other Martyrs at Lyon under Antoninus Verus. April 24.
Alexander, Pope the First, Eventius and Theodulus, Priests, Martyrs at Rome under Hadrian. May 3.
Alexander the soldier and Antonina the Virgin, Martyrs at Constantinople under Maximian. May 3.
Alexander, Martyr at Edessa, near Aegae, under Numerian, below with Thalalaeus. May 20.
Alexander, Martyr in the region of Anaunia, below with Sisinius. May 29.
Alexander, Martyr at Lyon under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus, below with Pothinus. June 2.
Alexander, Bishop of Verona. June 4.
Alexander, Bishop of Fiesole, Martyr in the territory of Bologna. June 6.
Alexander, Martyr at Novidunum, below with Amantius. June 6.
Alexander, Martyr at Alexandria under Julian, below with Patermuthius. July 9.
Alexander, Martyr at Rome under Antoninus, below among the Seven Brothers. July 10.
Alexander the soldier, Martyr at Marseilles, below with Victor. July 21.
Alexander the farmer, Martyr at Perga under Diocletian, below with Leontius. August 1.
Alexander, surnamed the Charcoal-burner, a philosopher, Bishop of Comana in Pontus and Martyr. August 11.
Alexander the soldier, Martyr at Bergamo. August 26.
Alexander, Bishop of Constantinople. August 28.
Alexander, Martyr in the Sabine territory, below with Hyacinthus. September 9.
Alexander the Bishop, Martyr on the Via Claudia under Antoninus. September 21.
Alexander, Martyr at Antioch of Pisidia, below with Marcus. September 28.
Alexander Sauli, Bishop, of the Congregation of the Regular Clerics of Saint Paul, at Caloti. October 11.
Alexander, Martyr, below with Victor. October 17.
Alexander the Bishop, Heraclius the soldier, and Companions, Martyrs. October 22.
Alexander, Martyr at Thessalonica under Maximian. November 9.
Alexander, Martyr at Corinth under Julian. November 24.
Alexander, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius, below with Epimachus. December 12.
Alexandra, Claudia, Euphrasia, Matrona, Juliana, Euphemia, Theodosia, Derphuta and her sister, Martyrs at Amisus. March 20.
Alexandra, Virgin, Martyr at Ancyra, below with Theodotus. May 18.
Alexius Falconieri, one of the seven Founders of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Florence. February 17. — Feast of the same Alexius and his Companions. February 12.
Alexius, at Rome. July 17.
Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Founder of the Congregation called of the Most Holy Redeemer, Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti and Doctor of the Church, at Nocera dei Pagani. August 1 and 2.
Alphonsus Rodriguez, of the Society of Jesus, at Palma. October 31.
Alypius, Bishop of Tagaste. August 15.
Almachius, Martyr at Rome. January 1.
Alodia, Virgin, Martyr at Huesca, below with her sister Nunilo. October 22.
Aloysius Gonzaga, Cleric of the Society of Jesus, at Rome. June 21.
Alphaeus and Zachaeus, Martyrs in Palestine under Diocletian. November 17.
Alphius, Philadelphus, and Cyrinus, Martyrs at Lentini. May 10.
Alphius, Martyr at Antioch of Pisidia, below with Marcus. September 28.
Alpinianus the Priest, at Limoges, below with Martial. June 30.
Amandus, Bishop of Maastricht, at Elnone. February 6.
Amandus, Bishop of Bordeaux. June 18.
Amantius, Martyr at Rome, below with Zoticus. February 10.
Amantius the Deacon, at Ghent, below with Landoaldus. March 19.
Amantius, Bishop of Como. April 8.
Amantius, Alexander, and Companions, Martyrs at Novidunum. June 6.
Amantius, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian, below with Getulius. June 10.
Amantius the Priest, at Tifernum. September 26.
Amantius, Bishop of Rodez. November 4.
Amaranthus, Martyr at the city of Albi. November 7.
Amarinus, Abbot of Clorange, Martyr (died at Volvic) under the nobles of the city of Clermont, below with Praeiectus of Clermont. January 25.
Amator the Priest, Peter the Monk, and Louis, Martyrs at Cordoba. April 30.
Amator, Bishop of Auxerre. May 1.
Amator, Bishop of Autun. November 26.
Amatus, Bishop of Nusco. August 31.
Amatus, Bishop of Sens. September 13.
Amatus, Priest and Abbot, in the monastery of Remiremont. September 13.
Ambicus, Victor, and Julius, Martyrs at Nicomedia. December 3.
Ambrose, of the Order of Preachers, at Siena. March 20.
Ambrose, Bishop of Milan and Doctor of the Church. April 4. — Ordination of the same Ambrose, at Milan. December 7.
Ambrose the Centurion, Martyr at Ferentino under Diocletian. August 16.
Ambrose, Bishop of Cahors, in the territory of Bourges. October 16.
Ambrose, Abbot, in the monastery of Agaunum. November 2.
Amelberga, Virgin, at Ghent. July 10.
Amidaeus, one of the seven Founders of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Monte Senario. April 18. — Feast of the same Amidaeus and his Companions. February 12.
Ammia, at Caesarea in Cappadocia, below with Theodotus. August 31.
Ammianus, Martyr under Maximian, below with Theodorus. September 4.
Ammon the Deacon and forty Virgin Martyrs at Heraclea in Thrace, under Licinius. September 1.
Ammon, Theophilus, Neoterius, and twenty-two others, Martyrs at Alexandria. September 8.
Ammon, Zeno, Ptolemaeus, Ingen, and Theophilus, soldiers, Martyrs at Alexandria. December 20.
Ammonaria the Virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and likewise another Ammonaria, Martyrs at Alexandria under Decius. December 12.
Ammonius the soldier, Martyr in Pontus, below with Moses. January 18.
Ammonius and Alexander, Martyrs at Soli. February 9.
Ammonius the infant, Martyr at Alexandria, below with Modestus. February 12.
Ammonius, Martyr at Alexandria, below with Dionysius. February 14.
Ammonius the Lector, Martyr at Pentapolis, below with Theodore. March 26.
Ammonius, Martyr at Alexandria under Galerius Maximian, below with Faustus. November 26.
Amos the Prophet, Martyr at Tekoa. March 31.
Ampelius, Martyr in Africa under Diocletian, below with Saturninus. February 11.
Ampelus and Caius, Martyrs at Messina. November 20.
Amphilochius the Commander, Martyr in Illyricum, below with Philetus. March 27.
Amphilochius, Bishop of Iconium. November 23.
Amphion the Bishop, Confessor in Cilicia under Galerius Maximian. June 12.
Ampliatus, Urbanus, and Narcissus, disciples of the Apostles, Martyrs at Rome. October 31.
Anacharius, Bishop of Auxerre. September 25.
Pope Anacletus, Martyr at Rome. July 13.
Ananias, disciple of Christ and Martyr, at Damascus. January 25.
Ananias the Priest, Martyr in Persia under Shapur, below with Simeon. April 21.
Ananias, Martyr at Arbela. December 1.
Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, at Babylon. December 16.
Anastasia, disciple of the Apostles, Martyr at Rome under Nero, below with Basilissa. April 15.
Anastasia the Elder, a Virgin, and Cyril, Martyrs at Rome under Valerian. October 28.
Anastasia and two hundred seventy companions, Martyrs on the island of Palmaria under Diocletian. December 25.
Anastasius, Martyr at Antioch under Diocletian and Maximian, below with Julian. January 9.
Anastasius the Monk and Companions, at Suppentonia. January 11.
Anastasius the Persian, a Monk, and seventy Companions, Martyrs at Bethsaloe under Chosroes. January 22.
Anastasius of Sinai, Bishop of Antioch. April 21.
Anastasius, and likewise another Anastasius, Confessors at Constantinople under Constans, below with Maximus. August 13.
Anastasius and Companions, Martyrs at Camerino under Decius. May 11.
Anastasius, Bishop of Brescia. May 20.
Anastasius, Bishop of Pavia. May 30.
Anastasius the Priest, Felix the Monk, and Digna the Virgin, Martyrs at Cordoba. June 14.
Anastasius the Soldier, Martyr at the fortress of Argentomachus, below with Marcellus. June 29.
Anastasius, Bishop of Terni. August 17.
Anastasius the Cornicularius, Martyr at Salona under Aurelian. August 21.
Anastasius, Martyr at Aquileia. September 7.
Anastasius the Priest, Placidus, Genesius, and Companions, Martyrs. October 11.
Anastasius the Martyr. December 5.
Anastasius, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with Cyriacus. December 19.
Pope Anastasius the First, at Rome. December 19.
Anastasius, Bishop of Antioch and Martyr. December 21.
Anathalon, disciple of blessed Barnabas, Bishop of Milan, at Brescia. September 24.
Anatolia the Virgin and Audax, Martyrs in the city of Thora under Decius. July 9.
Anatolius the Martyr, below with Photina. March 20.
Anatolius, Bishop of Laodicea in Syria. July 3.
Anatolius, Martyr at Nicaea under Maximinus, below with Eustachius. November 20.
Andeolus the Subdeacon, having come from the East, Martyr in the territory of Viviers under Severus. May 1.
Andochius the Priest, Thyrsus the Deacon, and Felix, Martyrs at Autun. September 24.
Andrew Corsini, citizen of Florence, of the Order of Carmelites, Bishop of Fiesole, at Florence. January 6 and February 4.
Andrew, Bishop of Florence. February 26.
Andrew Hubert Fournet, Founder of the Institute of the Daughters of the Cross, at Le Puy. May 13.
Andrew, Martyr at Lampsacus, below with Peter. May 15.
Andrew Bobola, of the Society of Jesus, Martyr at Janow near Pinsk, in Polesia. May 16.
Andrew the Tribune and Companions, soldiers, Martyrs in Cilicia under Maximian. August 19.
Andrew the Priest, Martyr at Constantinople under Leo the Isaurian, below with Hypatius. August 29.
Andrew, John, Peter, and Antony, Martyrs in Africa. September 23.
Andrew of Crete, a Monk, Martyr at Constantinople under Constantine Copronymus. October 20.
Andrew Avellino, a Clerk Regular, at Naples. November 10.
Andrew the Monk, Martyr at Constantinople under Constantine Copronymus, below with Stephen. November 28.
Andrew the Apostle, Martyr at Patras. November 30. — Translation of the same Andrew together with Luke and Timothy, at Constantinople. May 9.
Andronicus and his wife Athanasia, at Jerusalem. October 9.
Andronicus, Martyr at Tarsus under Diocletian, below with Tarachus. October 11.
Anectus, Martyr at Corinth under Decius and Valerian, below with Quadratus. March 10.
Anectus, Martyr at Caesarea under Diocletian. June 27.
Anempodistus, Martyr in Persia, above with Acindynus. November 2.
Anesius, Martyr in Africa, below with Theodulus. March 31.
Angela Merici, Virgin of the Third Order of Saint Francis, Foundress of the Company of the Virgins of Saint Ursula, at Brescia. January 27 and June 1.
The Guardian Angels. October 2.
Angelus, Priest of the Order of Carmelites, Martyr at Licata. May 5.
Angelus, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, Martyr at Ceuta, below with Daniel. October 10.
Anianus, disciple of blessed Mark, Bishop of Alexandria. April 25.
Anianus the Deacon, Martyr at Antioch, below with Demetrius. November 10.
Anianus, Bishop of Orleans. November 17.
Pope Anicetus, Martyr at Rome under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus. April 17.
Anicetus the Count, his brother Photinus, and many others, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Diocletian. August 12.
Anne, mother of the Blessed Virgin Mary. July 26.
Anna the Prophetess, at Jerusalem. September 1.
Anno, Bishop of Cologne. December 4.
Ansanus, Martyr at Siena under Diocletian. December 1.
Ansbert, Bishop of Rouen. February 9.
Ansgar, Bishop of Hamburg and Bremen, at Bremen. February 3.
Anselm, Bishop of Lucca, at Mantua. March 18.
Anselm, Bishop of Canterbury and Doctor of the Church. April 21.
Ansovinus, Bishop of Camerino. March 13.
Anthelm, of the Order of Carthusians, Bishop of Belley. June 26.
Pope Anterus, Martyr at Rome under Julius Maximinus. January 3.
Anthes, Martyr at Salerno under Diocletian, below with Fortunatus. August 28.
Anthia, Martyr at Messina under Hadrian, below with her son Eleutherius. April 18.
Anthimus, Bishop of Nicomedia, with nearly his entire flock, Martyrs under Diocletian. April 27.
Anthimus the Priest, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. May 11.
Anthimus, Martyr at Aegae under Diocletian, below with his brother Cosmas. September 27.
Antholianus, Martyr at Clermont. February 6.
Anthusa the Virgin, at Constantinople, among the Confessors under Constantine Copronymus. July 27.
Anthusa the Elder, Martyr at Tarsus under Valerian, below with Athanasius. August 22.
Anthusa the Younger, Martyr. August 27.
Antidius, Bishop of Besancon, Martyr under the Vandals. June 17.
Antigonus, Martyr at Rome, above with Alexander. February 27.
Antinogenes, Martyr at Merida under Diocletian, below with his brother Victor. July 24.
Antiochus, Tribune of soldiers, Martyr at Caesarea Philippi, below with Nicostratus. May 21.
Antiochus the physician and Cyriacus, Martyrs at Sebaste. July 15.
Antiochus, Bishop of Lyon. October 15.
Antiochus, Martyr on the island of Sulci under Hadrian. December 13.
Antipas, named as a faithful witness in the Apocalypse, Martyr at Pergamum under Domitian. April 11.
Antonia the Virgin, Martyr at Cirta under Valerian, above with Aemilianus. April 29.
Antonia, Martyr at Nicomedia. May 4.
Antonina, Martyr at the city of Cea under Diocletian. March 1.
Antonina the Virgin, Martyr at Constantinople under Maximian, above with Alexander. May 3.
Antonina, Martyr at Nicaea under Diocletian and Maximian. June 12.
Antoninus, Abbot of Monte Cassino, at Sorrento. February 14.
Antoninus, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, below with Victor. April 20.
Antoninus, of the Order of Preachers, Bishop of Florence. May 2 and 10.
Antoninus the Martyr, below with Lucy. July 6.
Antoninus, Martyr at Rome under Gallienus, below with Lucilla. July 29.
Antoninus, Martyr at Rome. August 22.
Antoninus, Martyr at Pamiers. September 2.
Antoninus the boy, Martyr at Capua, below with Aristaeus. September 3.
Antoninus the soldier, Martyr at Piacenza. September 30.
Antoninus, Martyr at Rome under Maximian, below with Marcellinus. October 5.
Antoninus, Bishop of Milan. October 31.
Antoninus, Zebinas, Germanus, and Ennatha the Virgin, Martyrs at Caesarea under Galerius Maximian. November 13.
Antony the Priest, Martyr at Antioch under Diocletian and Maximian, below with Julian. January 9.
Antony the Abbot, in the Thebaid. January 17.
Antony, Merulus, and John, Monks, at Rome. January 17.
Antony, Bishop of Constantinople. February 12.
Antony, Martyr at Alexandria, below with Bassus. February 14.
Antony Daniel, of the Society of Jesus, Martyr in Canada, below with John de Brebeuf and Companions. March 16.
Antony Maria Gianelli, Bishop of Bobbio, Founder of the Congregation of the Daughters of Most Holy Mary of the Garden, at Piacenza. June 7.
Antony of Portugal, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor and Doctor of the Church, at Padua. June 13.
Antony Maria Zaccaria, Founder of the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul and of the Angelic Virgins, at Cremona. July 5.
Antony, Martyr in Africa, above with Andrew. September 23.
Antony Maria Claret, formerly Archbishop of Cuba, Founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at the monastery of Fontfroide. October 24.
Antony, Martyr at Ancyra under Julian, below with Melasippus. November 7.
Antony, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with Irenaeus. December 13.
Antony the Monk, at the monastery of Lerins. December 28.
Anysia, Martyr at Thessalonica. December 30.
Anysius, Bishop of Thessalonica. December 30.
Apelles and Lucius, two of the first disciples of Christ, at Smyrna. April 22.
Apellius, Lucas, and Clemens, Martyrs. September 10.
Aphraates the Anchorite, in Syria. April 7.
Aphrodisius, Martyr in Africa under the Vandals, below with Peter. March 14.
Aphrodisius, Caralippus, Agapitus, and Eusebius, Martyrs. April 28.
Aphrodisius the Priest and thirty others, Martyrs at Alexandria. April 30.
Aphthonius, Martyr in Persia, above with Acindynus. November 2.
Apodemius, Martyr, below among the Martyrs of Saragossa. April 16.
Apollinaris the Virgin, in Egypt. January 5.
Apollinaris, Bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia Pacatiana. January 8.
Apollinaris, Martyr in Africa, below with Cyriacus. June 21.
Apollinaris, disciple of blessed Peter, Bishop of Ravenna, Martyr under Vespasian. July 23.
Apollinaris, Martyr at Rheims, below with Timothy. August 23.
Apollinaris, Bishop of Valence in Gaul. October 5.
Apollo, Isaac, and Codratus, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Diocletian. April 21.
Apollonia the Virgin, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius. February 9.
Apollonius, Martyr at Terni, below with Proculus. February 14.
Apollonius the Deacon and Philemon, Martyrs at Antinoe. March 8.
Apollonius and Leontius, Bishops. March 19.
Apollonius the Priest and five others, Martyrs at Alexandria under Maximian. April 10.
Apollonius the Senator, Martyr at Rome under Commodus. April 18.
Apollonius, Martyr in Egypt under Galerius Maximianus, below with Marcianus. June 5.
Apollonius, Bishop of Brescia. July 7.
Apollonius, Martyr at Iconium. July 10.
Apollonius and Eugenius, Martyrs. July 23.
Apphia, disciple of blessed Paul, Martyr at Colossae under Nero, below with Philemon. November 22.
Apphianus, Martyr at Caesarea under Galerius Maximianus. April 2.
Appianus, Martyr at Alexandria, below with Mansuetus. December 30.
Apronianus the Keeper of Records, Martyr at Rome. February 2.
Aprus, Bishop of Toul. September 15.
Apuleius, disciple of the Apostles, Martyr at Rome, below with Marcellus. October 7.
Aquila, Martyr at Caesarea in Mauretania, below with her husband Severianus. January 23.
Aquila, Martyr, below with Domitius. March 23.
Aquila, Martyr in the Thebaid. May 20.
Aquila and his wife Priscilla, disciples of the Apostles, in Asia Minor. July 8.
Aquila, Martyr at Philadelphia in Arabia, below with Cyril. August 1.
Aquilina the Virgin, a girl of twelve years, Martyr at Byblos under Diocletian. June 13.
Aquilina, Martyr in Lycia, below with Nicetas. July 24.
Aquilinus, Geminus, Eugenius, Marcianus, Quinctus, Theodotus, and Tryphon, Martyrs in Africa. January 4.
Aquilinus the Priest, Martyr at Milan under the Arians. January 29.
Aquilinus, Geminus, Gelasius, Magnus, and Donatus, Martyrs at Fossombrone. February 4.
Aquilinus and Victorianus, Martyrs in Isauria. May 16.
Aquilinus, Martyr at Noyon, below with Heradius. May 17.
Aquilinus, Bishop of Evreux. October 19.
Arabia, Martyr at Nicaea, below with Theusetas. March 13.
Arator the Priest, Fortunatus, Felix, Silvius, and Vitalis, Martyrs at Alexandria. April 21.
Arbogast, Bishop of Strasbourg. July 21.
Arcadius, Martyr. January 12.
Arcadius the Bishop, Martyr at Chersonesus, below with Basil. March 4.
Arcadius, Paschasius, Probus, and Eutychianus, Spaniards by nationality, Martyrs, and Paulillus, brother of Paschasius and Eutychianus, a boy Confessor, in Africa under Genseric. November 13.
Archelaus, Cyril, and Photius, Martyrs. March 4.
Archelaus the Deacon, Martyr at Ostia on the Tiber under Alexander, below with Quiriacus. August 23.
Archelaus the Bishop, in Mesopotamia. December 26.
Archippus, fellow soldier of blessed Paul. March 20.
Arcontius, Martyr at Capua, below with Quinctius. September 5.
Ardalion the mime actor, Martyr. April 14.
Aresius, Rogatus, and fifteen others, Martyrs in Africa. June 10.
Aretas and five hundred and four others, Martyrs at Rome. October 1.
Aretas, three hundred and forty companions, and a woman with her five-year-old son, Martyrs in the city of Najran. October 24.
Aretius and Dacianus, Martyrs at Rome. June 4.
Argeus, Narcissus, and the boy Marcellinus, brothers, Martyrs at Tomi under Licinius. January 2.
Argymirus the Monk, Martyr at Cordoba. June 28.
Ariadne, Martyr in Phrygia under Hadrian. September 17.
Arianus the Governor, Theoticus, and three others, Martyrs at Antinoe. March 8.
Aristaeus, Bishop of Capua, and the boy Antoninus, Martyrs at Capua. September 3.
Aristarchus, disciple of blessed Paul, Bishop of Thessalonica, Martyr under Nero. August 4.
Aristides, at Athens. August 31.
Aristion, one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ, at Salamis. February 22.
Aristobulus, disciple of the Apostles, Martyr. March 15.
Ariston, Crescentianus, Eutychianus, Urbanus, Vitalis, Justus, Felicissimus, Felix, Marcia, and Symphorosa, Martyrs in Campania under Diocletian. July 2.
Aristonicus, Martyr at Melitene, below with Hermogenes. April 10.
Armentarius, Bishop of Pavia. January 30.
Armogastes the Count, Masculas the chief mime actor, and Saturus, steward of the royal household. Confessors in Africa under Genseric. March 29.
Arnulph, formerly Bishop of Metz and afterwards a hermit. July 18.
Arnulph, Bishop of Soissons. August 15.
Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinianus, of the Twelve Brothers, Martyrs at Potenza under Maximian. August 27. — The feast of the same Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinianus and the rest of the Brothers, below with Donatus, at Sentiano. September 1.
Arsacius, formerly a soldier and Confessor under Licinius, and afterwards a hermit, at Nicomedia. August 16.
Arsenius, a Roman Deacon, hermit at Mount Scetis in Egypt. July 19.
Arsenius, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius, below with Heron. December 14.
Artemius, his wife Candida, and his daughter Paulina, Martyrs at Rome. June 6.
Artemius, the Augustal Prefect, Martyr at Antioch under Julian. October 20.
Artemon the Priest, Martyr at Laodicea in Phrygia under Diocletian. October 8.
Asaph, Bishop of Elwy. May 1.
Asclas, Martyr at Antinoe. January 23.
Asclepiades, Bishop of Antioch, Martyr under Macrinus. October 18.
Asclepiodotus, Martyr at Adrianople in Thrace under Maximian, below with Maximus. September 15.
Asella the Virgin, at Rome. December 6.
Asprenus, disciple of blessed Peter, Bishop of Naples. August 3.
Asteria the Virgin, Martyr at Bergamo under Diocletian and Maximian. August 10.
Asterius the Senator, Martyr at Caesarea under Valerian, below with Marinus. March 3.
Asterius, Martyr at Edessa, near Aegae, under Numerian, below with Thalelaeus. May 20.
Asterius, Bishop of Petra in Arabia, Confessor in Africa under Constantius. June 10.
Asterius, Martyr at Aegae under Diocletian, below with his brother Claudius. August 23.
Asterius the Priest, Martyr at Ostia on the Tiber under Alexander. October 21.
Astius, Bishop of Dyrrachium, Martyr under Trajan, below with Peregrinus. July 7.
Asyncritus, disciple of the Apostles, below with Herodion. April 8.
Athanasia the Widow, a nun, on the island of Aegina. August 14.
Athanasia, at Jerusalem, above with her husband Andronicus. October 9.
Athanasius the Keeper of Records, Martyr in Cilicia, below with Zosimus. January 3.
Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, Confessor and Doctor of the Church. May 2.
Athanasius the Deacon, Martyr at Jerusalem. July 5.
Athanasius, Bishop of Naples, at Veroli. July 15.
Athanasius, Bishop and Martyr, Anthusa the Elder, and the servants of Anthusa, Charisius and Neophytus, Martyrs at Tarsus under Valerian. August 22.
Athenodorus, Bishop of Neocaesarea, Martyr under Aurelian. October 18.
Athenodorus, Martyr in Mesopotamia under Diocletian. November 11.
Athenogenes, an ancient theologian, Martyr in Pontus. January 18.
Athenogenes the Bishop and his ten disciples, Martyrs at Sebaste under Diocletian. July 16.
Attalas the Abbot, in the monastery of Bobbio. March 10.
Attalus, Martyr at Lyon under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus, below with Pothinus. June 2.
Attalus, Martyr at Catania, below with Stephen. December 31.
Attho, of the Order of Vallombrosa, Bishop of Pistoia. May 22.
Atticus, Martyr in Phrygia. November 6.
Attilanus, Bishop of Zamora. October 5.
Attius the farmer, Martyr at Perga under Diocletian, below with Leontius. August 1.
Auctus, Taurion, and Thessalonica, Martyrs at Amphipolis. November 7.
Audactus the Priest, Martyr at Venosa under Diocletian, below with Felix. October 24.
Audas the Bishop, seven Priests, nine Deacons, and seven Virgins, Martyrs in Persia under Yazdegerd. May 16.
Audax, Martyr in the city of Thora under Decius, above with Anatolia. July 9.
Audifax, Martyr at Rome under Claudius, below with his father Marius. January 19.
Audoenus, Bishop of Rouen. August 24.
Audomarus, Bishop of Therouanne, in the territory of Therouanne. September 9.
Augulus, Bishop of Augusta or London in Britain. February 7.
Augurius the Deacon, Martyr at Tarragona under Gallienus, below with Fructuosus. January 21.
Augustalis the Bishop, in Gaul. September 7.
Augustine, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with his brother Flavius. May 7.
Augustine, Bishop of Canterbury. May 26 and 28.
Augustine, Bishop of Hippo and Doctor of the Church. August 28. — The Conversion of the same Augustine, at Milan. April 24. — The Translation of the same Augustine, at Pavia. February 28.
Augustus, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with his brother Flavius. May 7.
Augustus, in Campania, Confessor under the Vandals, below with Priscus. September 1.
Augustus, Priest, at Bourges. October 7.
Auraeus, Bishop of Mainz, and his sister Justina and others, Martyrs at Mainz under the Huns. June 16.
Aurea, Virgin, Martyr at Cordoba. July 19.
Aurea, Virgin, Martyr at Ostia on the Tiber. August 24.
Aurea, Virgin, at Paris. October 4.
Aurelia and Neomisia, Virgins, at Anagni. September 25.
Aurelia, Virgin, at Strasbourg. October 15.
Aurelia, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with Eusebius. December 2.
Aurelian, Bishop of Arles, at Lyon. June 16.
Aurelius, Martyr at Cordoba, below with George. July 27. — Translation of the same Aurelius and George, at Paris. October 20.
Aurelius and Publius, Bishops, Martyrs in Asia. November 12.
Auspicius, Bishop of Trier. July 8.
Austreberta, Virgin, in the district of Rouen. February 10.
Austregisilus, Bishop of Bourges. May 20.
Austremonius, Bishop of Clermont. November 1.
Austriclianus, Priest, at Limoges, below with Martial. June 30.
Authbertus, Bishop of Cambrai. December 13.
Autonomus, Bishop, having gone forth from Italy, Martyr in Bithynia under Diocletian. September 12.
Auxanus, Bishop of Milan. September 3.
Auxentius, Abbot, in Bithynia. February 14.
Auxentius, Martyr among the Arabracians under Diocletian, below with Eustratius. December 13.
Auxentius, Bishop of Mopsuestia, formerly a soldier under Licinius. December 18.
Auxibius, Bishop of Soli. February 19.
Auxilius, Martyr at Antioch, below with Basileus. November 27.
Aventinus, Priest, at Troyes. February 4.
Avitus, Martyr in Africa. January 27.
Avitus, Bishop of Vienne. February 5.
Avitus, Priest, at Orleans. June 17.
Azadanes, Deacon, Martyr in Persia under Shapur. April 22.
Azades, eunuch, Martyr in Persia under Shapur. April 22.
Azarias, at Babylon, above with Ananias. December 16.
Azas and one hundred fifty soldiers, Martyrs in Isauria under Diocletian. November 19.
B
Babylas, Bishop of Antioch, and Urbanus and Prilidianus and Epolonius, boys, Martyrs at Antioch under Decius. January 24.
Bacchus the Roman, Martyr in the province of Augusta Euphratensis under Maximian, below with Sergius. October 7.
Bajulus, Martyr at Rome, below with Liberatus. December 20.
Balbina, Virgin, at Rome. March 31.
Baldomerus, Subdeacon, at Lyon. February 27.
Barachisius, Monk, Martyr in Persia under Shapur, below with his brother Jonas. March 29.
Barbara, Virgin, Martyr at Nicomedia under Maximinus. December 4.
Barbatianus, Priest, at Ravenna. December 31.
Barbatus, Bishop of Benevento. February 19.
Barbea, Martyr at Edessa under Trajan, below with her brother Sarbelus. January 29.
Bardomianus, Eucarpus, and twenty-six others, Martyrs in Asia. September 25.
Barlaam, Martyr at Caesarea, in Cappadocia. November 19.
Barlaam and Josaphat, among the Indians. November 27.
Barnabas, Apostle, Martyr at Salamis. June 11.
Barontius and Desiderius, at Pistoia. March 25.
Barsabas, Martyr in Persia. December 11.
Barsanuphius, Anchorite, at Gaza. April 11.
Barses, Bishop of Edessa, Confessor under Valens. January 30.
Barsimaeus, Bishop of Edessa, Martyr under Trajan. January 30.
Bartholomea Capitanio, Virgin, Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of Charity, at Lovere. July 26.
Bartholomew, Apostle, Martyr in Greater Armenia under Astyages. August 24.
Bartholomew, Abbot, at the monastery of Grottaferrata. November 11.
Barula, a small boy, Martyr at Antioch under Galerius, below with Romanus. November 18.
Basileus, Martyr at Rome under Valerian and Gallienus, below with Jovinus. March 2.
Basileus, Bishop of Amasea, Martyr under Licinius. April 26.
Basileus, Martyr in Spain, below with Epitacius. May 23.
Basileus, Bishop, Auxilius, and Saturninus, Martyrs at Antioch. November 27.
Basilianus, Martyr at Laodicea, in Syria, below with Theotimus. December 18.
Basilides, Tripus, Mandal, and twenty others, Martyrs at Rome under Aurelian. June 10.
Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius, soldiers, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian and Maximian. June 12.
Basilides, Martyr at Alexandria under Severus. June 30.
Basilides, Martyr in Crete under Decius, below with Theodulus. December 23.
Basiliscus, soldier, Martyr under Maximian, below with Cleonicus. March 3.
Basiliscus, Martyr at Comana, in Pontus, under Maximian. May 22.
Basilissa, Virgin, at Antioch, below with her husband Julian. January 9.
Basilissa, Martyr in Galatia, below with Callinica. March 22.
Basilissa and Anastasia, disciples of the Apostles, Martyrs at Rome under Nero. April 15.
Basilissa, Virgin, a girl of nine years, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian. September 3.
Basil, Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia and Doctor of the Church. January 1. — Ordination of the same Basil, at Caesarea, in Cappadocia. June 14.
Basil and Procopius, Confessors at Constantinople under Leo. February 27.
Basil, Eugenius, Agathodorus, Elpidius, Aetherius, Capito, Ephraem, Nestor, and Arcadius, Bishops, Martyrs at Chersonesus. March 4.
Basil, Bishop of Bologna. March 6.
Basil, Priest, Martyr at Ancyra under Julian. March 22.
Basil and his wife Emmelia, at Caesarea, in Cappadocia. May 30.
Basil, Monk, Martyr at Constantinople under Constantine Copronymus, below with Stephen. November 28.
Basilla, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Adrion. May 17.
Basilla, Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Gallienus. May 20.
Basilla, Virgin, at Sirmium. August 29.
Basolus, in the territory of Rheims. November 26.
Bassa, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with Victor. March 6.
Bassa, Paula, and Agathonica, Virgins, Martyrs at Carthage. August 10.
Bassa, mother, and Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, her sons, Martyrs at Edessa under Maximian. August 21.
Bassianus, Bishop of Lodi. January 14.
Bassianus, Lector, Martyr at Alexandria, below with Cyrion. February 14.
Bassianus, Martyr in Africa, below with Peter. December 9.
Bassus, Antonius, and Protolicus, Martyrs at Alexandria. February 14.
Bassus, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, below with Maximus. May 11.
Bassus, Dionysius, Agapitus, and forty others, Martyrs at Heraclea, in Thrace. November 20.
Bassus, Bishop of Nice, Martyr under Decius and Valerian. December 5.
Bathildis, Queen, in the territory of Paris. January 30.
Baudelius, Martyr at Nimes. May 20.
Bavo, at the Port of Ghent. October 1.
Beanus, Bishop, in Ireland. December 26.
Beata, Martyr in Africa, below with Cyril. March 8.
Beatrix, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, below with her brother Simplicius. July 29.
Beatus, at the fort of Vendoeuvres. May 9.
The Venerable Bede, Priest and Doctor of the Church, at Jarrow. May 25 and 27.
Begga, Widow, at Andenne. December 17.
Bellinus, Bishop of Padua, Martyr at a village in the Rovigo district called Fratta. November 20.
Benedicta, a devout woman, Martyr at Rome with Julian, below with Priscus. January 4.
Benedicta, Virgin, at Rome. May 6.
Benedicta, Virgin, in the territory of Sens. June 29.
Benedicta, Virgin, Martyr in the territory of Laon. October 8.
Benedict, Abbot, in England. January 12.
Benedict, Bishop of Milan. March 11.
Benedict, Abbot, at Monte Cassino. March 21.
Benedict, Monk, in Campania. March 23.
Benedict of San Fratello, surnamed the Black, of the Order of Friars Minor, at Palermo. April 4.
Benedict Joseph Labre, at Rome. April 16.
Benedict II, Pope, at Rome. May 8.
Benedict XI, Pope, of Treviso, of the Order of Preachers, at Perugia. July 7.
Benedict, in the district of Poitiers. October 23.
Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac, and Christian, Hermits, Martyrs at Kazimierz. November 12.
Benignus, Priest, Martyr at Todi under Diocletian and Maximian. February 13.
Benignus, Martyr at Tomi, below with Evagrius. April 3.
Benignus, Bishop of Utrecht and Martyr. June 28.
Benignus, Priest, Martyr at Dijon under Marcus Aurelius. November 1.
Benignus, Bishop of Milan. November 20.
Benildis, Martyr at Cordoba. June 15.
Benjamin, Deacon, Martyr in Persia under Yazdegerd. March 31.
Benno, Bishop of Meissen. June 16.
Benvenutus, Bishop of Osimo. March 22.
Berard, Peter, and Otho, Priests, Accursius and Adjutus, Laymen, Protomartyrs of the Order of Friars Minor, at Morocco. January 16.
Bercharius, Abbot and Martyr, at the monastery of Der in Gaul. October 16.
Bernardine of Siena, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, at Aquila. May 20.
Bernardine Realino, Confessor of the Society of Jesus, at Lecce in Apulia. July 2.
Bernard, Bishop (of Calino), at Capua. March 12.
Bernard of Menthon, near Novara. May 28.
Bernard, first Abbot of Clairvaux and Doctor of the Church, in the territory of Langres. August 20.
Bernard Ptolemy, Abbot, Founder of the Olivetan Congregation, at Siena. August 21 (and 26).
Bernard, at Arpino. October 14.
Bernard, of the Vallombrosan Order, Cardinal, Bishop of Parma. December 4.
Bernward, Bishop of Hildesheim. November 20.
Beronicus, Pelagia the Virgin, and forty-nine others, Martyrs at Antioch. October 19.
Bertin, Abbot, in the district of Therouanne. September 5.
Besas, a soldier, Martyr at Alexandria. February 27.
Bessarion, Anchorite. June 17.
Bianor and Silvanus, Martyrs in Pisidia. July 10.
Bibiana, Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Julian. December 2.
Biblis, Martyr at Lyons under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus, below with Pothinus. July 2.
Bicor, Bishop, Martyr, in Persia under Shapur. April 22.
Bridget, Widow, at Rome. July 23 and October 8. — Translation of the same Bridget, in Sweden. October 7.
Birillus, disciple of blessed Peter, Bishop of Catania. March 21.
Birinus, first Bishop of Dorchester. December 3.
Blanda, Martyr at Rome under Alexander, below with Calepodius. May 10.
Blandina, Martyr at Lyons under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus, below with Pothinus. June 2.
Blaise, Bishop of Sebastea, together with two boys and seven women, Martyrs at Sebastea. February 3.
Blaise and Demetrius, Martyrs at Veroli. November 29.
Bonajuncta, one of the seven Founders of the Order of Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Monte Senario. August 31. — Feast of the same Bonajuncta and his Companions. February 12.
Bonaventure, of the Order of Friars Minor, Cardinal and Bishop of Albano and Doctor of the Church, at Lyons. July 15 and 14.
Bonfilius, one of the seven Founders of the Order of Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Monte Senario. January 1. — Feast of the same Bonfilius and his Companions. February 12.
Boniface IV, Pope, at Rome. May 8.
Boniface, Martyr at Tarsus under Diocletian and Maximian. May 14.
Boniface, Bishop of Ferentino in Tuscany. May 14.
Boniface, Bishop of Mainz, with Eoban his fellow bishop and certain other servants of God, Martyrs in Frisia. June 5.
Boniface, Bishop, Martyr in Russia. June 19.
Boniface, Deacon, Martyr at Carthage under Huneric, below with Liberatus. August 17.
Boniface and his wife Thecla, at Hadrumetum. August 30.
Boniface I, Pope, at Rome. September 4.
Boniface, Confessor in Africa under Huneric, below with Dionysia. December 6.
Boniface, Martyr at Rome, below with Callistus. December 29.
Bonitus, Bishop of Clermont. January 15.
Bononius, Abbot, at Bologna. August 30.
Bonosa, Martyr at Portus Romanus, below with Eutropius. July 15.
Bonosus and Maximian, Martyrs. August 21.
Bonus the Priest, Faustus, Maurus, and nine others, Martyrs at Rome. August 1.
Bova and Doda, Virgins, at Rheims. April 24.
Braulio, Bishop of Saragossa. March 26.
Brendan, Priest and Abbot of Clonfert, in the monastery of Annaghdown in Ireland. May 16.
Bretannion, Bishop of Tomis. January 25.
Brictius, Bishop of Martula and Confessor. July 9.
Brigid, Virgin, at Kildare in Ireland. February 1.
Brice, Bishop of Tours. November 13.
Bruno, Bishop of Wurzburg. May 27.
Bruno, Bishop of Segni. July 18.
Bruno, Founder of the Carthusian Order, in the monastery of La Torre. October 6.
Bruno, Bishop of the Ruthenians, Martyr in Prussia. October 15.
Burchard, first Bishop of Wurzburg. October 14.
Burgundofara, also called by the name Fara, Abbess and Virgin, at Faremoutiers. April 3. — Commemoration of the same Burgundofara, likewise at Faremoutiers. December 7.
C
Cecilia, Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander. September 16 and November 22.
Caecilianus, Martyr, below among the Martyrs of Saragossa. April 16.
Caecilius, disciple of the Apostles, Bishop of Elvira, below with Torquatus. May 15.
Caecilius, Priest, at Carthage. June 3.
Celestine, Martyr at Rome, below with Saturninus. May 2.
Celestine V, Pope, formerly called Peter of Morrone. May 19.
Celestine I, Pope, at Rome. July 27.
Caelianus, Martyr in Africa, below with Faustinus. December 15.
Cerealis, Populus, Caius, and Serapion, Martyrs at Alexandria. February 28.
Cerealis, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian, below with Getulius. June 10.
Cerealis, a soldier, Martyr at Rome under Decius, below with Cornelius. September 14.
The Eighteen Martyrs of Saragossa, namely: Optatus, Lupercus, Successus, Martialis, Urbanus, Julia, Quinctilianus, Publius, Fronto, Felix, Caecilianus, Eventius, Primitivus, Apodemius, Saturninus, and a second, third, and fourth Saturninus likewise. April 16.
Caesareus, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, below with Victor. April 20.
Caesarius, at Nazianzus. February 25.
Caesarius, Bishop of Arles. August 27.
Caesarius the Deacon and Julian the Priest, Martyrs at Terracina. November 1.
Caesarius, Dacius, and five others, Martyrs at Damascus. November 1.
Caesarius, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia under Decius, below with Germanus. November 3.
Caesarius, Martyr at Arabissus under Galerius Maximian. December 28.
Caesidius the Priest and Companions, Martyrs at Trasacco under Maximian. August 31.
Cajetan of Thiene, Founder of the Clerks Regular, at Naples. August 7.
Caius, Martyr at Bologna under Maximian, below with Hermes. January 4.
Caius, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Cerealis. February 28.
Caius the Palatine and twenty-seven others, Martyrs. March 4.
Caius and Alexander, Martyrs at Apamea in Phrygia, under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus. March 10.
Caius and Crementius, Martyrs at Saragossa. April 16.
Caius, Martyr at Melitene, below with Hermogenes. April 19.
Caius, Pope, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. April 22.
Caius the Priest and Leo the Subdeacon, Martyrs. June 30.
Caius, Martyr at Salerno under Diocletian, below with Fortunatus. August 28.
Caius, disciple of blessed Barnabas, Bishop of Milan, Confessor under Nero. September 27.
Caius, Martyr under Valerian, below with Dionysius. October 3. — The same Caius, below with his Companions, Martyrs or Confessors at Alexandria under Valerian. October 4.
Caius, disciple of the Apostles, at Corinth, below with Crispus. October 4.
Caius, Faustus, Eusebius, Chaeremon, and Lucius, Deacons, together with Priests and Companions, among the Priests and Deacons who were Martyrs or Confessors at Alexandria under Valerian. October 4. — The same Faustus and Caius, as Martyrs under Valerian, below with Dionysius. October 3. — The same Faustus, below, as Deacon of Alexandria, Martyr under Diocletian. November 19.
Caius, a soldier, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with Dasius. October 21.
Caius, Martyr at Messina, above with Ampelus. November 20.
Calanicus, Martyr at Eleutheropolis, below with Florian. December 17.
Calepodius the Priest, Palmatius the Consul with his wife and children and forty-two of his household, Simplicius the Senator with his wife and sixty-eight of his family, and Felix with his wife Blanda, Martyrs at Rome under Alexander. May 10.
Calimerius, Bishop of Milan, Martyr under Antoninus. July 31.
Callinica and Basilissa, Martyrs in Galatia. March 22.
Callinicus, Martyr at Gangra. July 29.
Callinicus, Martyr at Apollonia under Decius, below with Leucius. January 28.
Calliopa, Martyr. June 8.
Calliopius, Martyr in Cilicia. April 7.
Callista, Martyr at Syracuse, below with her brother Evodius. April 25. — Commemoration of the same Callista, below with the Commemoration of her brother Evodius. September 2.
Callistratus and forty-nine others, soldiers, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian. September 26.
Callistus, Charisius, and seven others, Martyrs at Corinth. April 16.
Callistus, Bishop of Todi, and Martyr. August 14.
Callistus I, Pope, Martyr at Rome under Alexander. October 14.
Callistus, Felix, and Boniface, Martyrs at Rome. December 29.
Calocerus, Bishop of Ravenna. February 11.
Calocerus, Martyr at Brescia under Hadrian. April 18.
Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs, Martyrs at Rome under Decius. May 19.
Calogerus, Hermit, at Sciacca. June 18.
Camerinus, Martyr in Sardinia under Diocletian, below with Luxorius. August 21.
Camillus de Lellis, Priest, Founder of the Clerks Regular Ministers of the Infirm, at Rome. July 14 and 18.
Candida, Martyr at Rome, above with her husband Artemius. June 6.
Candida, Virgin, Martyr at Rome. August 29.
Candida, disciple of blessed Peter, at Naples. September 4.
Candida the Younger, at Naples. September 10.
Candida, Virgin, Martyr at Carthage under Maximian. September 20.
Candida, Martyr at Rome, below with Lucius. December 1.
Candidus, Martyr at Rome, below with Fortunatus. February 2.
Candidus, a Cappadocian soldier, Martyr at Sebaste under Licinius, below among the Forty Martyrs. March 9 and 10.
Candidus, Piperion, and twenty others, Martyrs at Alexandria. March 11.
Candidus, a soldier, Martyr at Sion under Maximian, below with Maurice. September 22.
Candidus, Martyr at Rome. October 3.
Candidus, Martyr in Africa, below with Faustinus. December 15.
Canicus, Priest and Abbot, in the monastery of Achadboe in Ireland. October 11.
Canion, in Campania, Confessor under the Vandals, below with Priscus. September 1.
Cantianilla, Martyr at Aquileia under Diocletian and Maximian, below with her brother Cantius. May 31.
Cantianus, Martyr at Aquileia under Diocletian and Maximian, below with his brother Cantius. May 31.
Cantidianus, Egyptian Martyr, below with Cantidius. August 5.
Cantidius, Cantidianus, and Sobel, Egyptian Martyrs. August 5.
Cantius and Cantianus together with their sister Cantianilla, and their tutor Protus, Martyrs at Aquileia under Diocletian and Maximian. May 31.
Canute, King (of the Obotrites and Duke of the Sleswickers), Martyr (at Roskilde), in Denmark. January 7.
Canute (the Fourth, of the Danes), King, Martyr (died July 10, at Odense, in Denmark). January 19.
Capitolina and her handmaid Erotheis, Martyrs in Cappadocia under Diocletian. October 27.
Capito, Bishop, Martyr at Chersonesus, above with Basil. March 4.
Capito, Martyr, below with Meneus. July 24.
Caprasius, Abbot, in the monastery of Lerins. June 1.
Caprasius, Martyr at Agen under Maximian. October 20.
Caralippus, Martyr, above with Aphrodisius. April 28.
Caraunus, Martyr at Chartres under Domitian. May 28.
Carina, Martyr at Ancyra under Julian, below with Melasippus. November 7.
Charity, Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian, below with her sister Faith. August 1.
Charles Borromeo, Cardinal, Bishop of Milan. November 3 and 4.
Charles Garnier, of the Society of Jesus, Canadian Martyr, below with his Companions. March 16.
Carponius, Evaristus, and Priscianus, brothers, Martyrs at Caesarea under Diocletian. October 15.
Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus, and Licinius, Martyrs at Como. August 7.
Carpophorus, Martyr at Capua under Diocletian and Maximian, below with Rufus. August 27.
Carpophorus, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, below among the Four Crowned Ones. November 8.
Carpophorus, Priest, and Abundius, Deacon, Martyrs under Diocletian. December 10.
Carpus, Bishop of Thyatira, and Papylus, Deacon, Papylus's sister Agathonica, their servant Agathodorus, and many others, Martyrs at Pergamum under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. April 13.
Carpus, disciple of blessed Paul, at Troas. October 13.
Carterius, Styriacus, Tobias, Eudoxius, Agapius, and Companions, Martyrs at Sebaste under Licinius. November 2.
Casdoa, Martyr in Persia under Sapor, below with her husband Dadas. September 29.
Casimir, son of the King of the Lithuanians, at Vilna. March 4.
Cassia, Martyr at Damascus, below with Sabinus. July 20.
Cassian, Martyr at Rome, below with Peter. March 26.
Cassian, Bishop of Autun. August 5.
Cassian, Martyr at Forlimpopoli. August 13.
Cassian, Bishop of Todi, Martyr under Diocletian. August 13.
Cassian, Martyr at Rome, below with Lucius. December 1.
Cassian, the court recorder, Martyr at Tangier. December 3.
Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and Companions, Martyrs at Clermont. May 15.
Cassius, Bishop of Narni. July 29.
Cassius, Martyr at Como, above with Carpophorus. August 7.
Cassius, Florentius, and very many others, Martyrs at Bonn. October 10.
Castor and Dorotheus, Martyrs at Tarsus. March 2.
Castor and Stephen, Martyrs at Tarsus. April 27.
Castor, Victor, and Rogatianus, Martyrs in Africa. December 28.
Castorius, Martyr at Rome, below with Claudius. July 7.
Castorius, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, below with Claudius. November 8.
Castrensis, Bishop of Capua. February 11. — The same Castrensis, in Campania, Confessor under the Vandals, below with Priscus. September 1.
Castritianus, Bishop of Milan. December 1.
Castulus, Martyr in Africa, below with Zoticus. January 12.
Castulus, Martyr at Terni, below with Saturninus. February 15.
Castulus, chamberlain of the Palace, Martyr at Rome. March 26.
Castulus and Euprepes, Martyrs at Rome. November 30.
Castus and Aemilius, Martyrs in Africa. May 22.
Castus and Secundinus, Bishops, Martyrs at Sinuessa. July 1.
Castus, Martyr, below with Magnus. September 4.
Castus, Martyr at Capua, below with Marcellus. October 6.
Cataldus, Bishop of Taranto. May 10.
Catherine de' Ricci, of Florence, Virgin of the Order of Preachers, at Prato. February 2.
Catherine, Virgin of the Second Order of Saint Francis, at Bologna. March 9.
Catherine, Virgin, in Sweden. March 24.
Catherine Thomas, Virgin, Regular Canoness of the Order of Saint Augustine, at Palma on the island of Majorca. April 5.
Catherine of Siena, Virgin of the Third Order of Saint Dominic, at Rome. April 29 and 30.
Catherine, Widow, at Genoa. September 15.
Catherine, Virgin, Martyr at Alexandria under Maximinus. November 25.
Catherine Laboure, Virgin of the Society of the Daughters of Charity, at Paris. December 31.
Catulinus, Deacon, Januarius, Florentius, Julia, and Justa, Martyrs at Carthage. July 15.
Catus, Martyr in Africa, below with Paul. January 19.
Chad, Bishop of the Mercians and of Lindisfarne, at Lichfield. March 2.
Celerina, Martyr in Africa, below with Laurentinus. February 3.
Celerinus, Deacon, Martyr in Africa. February 3.
Celsus, a boy, Martyr at Antioch under Diocletian and Maximian, below with Julian. January 9.
Celsus, Bishop, at Armagh, in the province of Munster in Ireland. April 1.
Celsus, a boy, Martyr at Milan under Nero, below with Nazarius. July 28. — The Finding and Translation of the same Celsus, at Milan, below with the Finding and Translation of Nazarius. May 10.
Celsus and Clement, Martyrs at Rome. November 21.
Censurius, Bishop of Auxerre. June 10.
Centolla and Helena, Martyrs at Burgos. August 13.
Cerbonius, Bishop of Populonia. October 10.
Cerbonius, Bishop of Verona. October 10.
Chaeremon, Martyr at Alexandria under Valerian, above with Caius. October 4.
Chaeremon, Bishop of Nilopolis, and very many others, Martyrs in Egypt under Decius. December 22.
Charisius, a slave, Martyr at Tarsus under Valerian, above with Athanasius. August 22.
Charisius, Martyr at Corinth, above with Callistus. April 16.
Charitina, Virgin, Martyr under Diocletian. October 5.
Chariton, Martyr, below with Zeno. September 3.
Chelidonius, a soldier, Martyr in Spain, below with his brother Hemiterius. March 3.
Chelidonia, Virgin, at Subiaco. October 13.
Kilian, Bishop, Colman, Priest, and Totnan, Deacon, Martyrs at Wurzburg. July 8.
Chionia, Virgin, Martyr at Thessalonica under Diocletian, above with her sister Agape. April 3.
Christeta, Martyr at Avila, below with Vincent. October 27.
Christiana, a handmaid, among the Iberians. December 15.
Christian, a hermit, Martyr at Kazimierz, above with Benedict. November 12.
Christina, Virgin, Martyr in Persia. March 13.
Christina, Virgin, Martyr at Tyre, in Tuscany. July 24.
Christopher, Martyr in Lycia under Decius. July 25.
Christopher, a monk, Martyr at Cordoba, below with Leovigild. August 20.
Chromatius, Bishop of Aquileia. December 2.
Chrysanthus and his wife Daria, Martyrs at Rome under Numerian. October 25.
Chrysogonus, Martyr at Aquileia under Diocletian. November 24.
Chrysophorus, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, below with Victor. April 20.
Chrysotelus, Priest, Martyr in Persia, below with Parmenius. April 22.
Cilinia, in the town of Laon. October 21.
Cindeus, Priest, Martyr at Side under Diocletian. July 11.
Cisellus, Martyr in Sardinia under Diocletian, below with Luxorius. August 21.
Clare, Virgin, first foundation of the Poor Ladies of the Order of Friars Minor. August 11 and 12.
Clare, Virgin, Nun of the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine, at Montefalco. August 17.
Clarentius, Bishop of Vienne. April 26.
Clarus, Priest, Martyr in the district of Vexin. November 4.
Clarus, Priest, at Tours. November 8.
Classicus, Martyr in Africa, below with Lucius. February 18.
Clateus, Bishop of Brescia, Martyr at Milan under Nero. June 4.
Claudia, Martyr at Amisus, above with Alexandra. March 20.
Claudia, Virgin, Martyr at Ancyra, below with Theodotus. May 18.
Claudianus, Martyr in Egypt under Numerian, below with Victorinus. February 25.
Claudianus, Martyr at Perga under Decius, below with Papias. February 26.
Claudianus, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with Victor. March 6.
Claudius, Martyr at Ostia on the Tiber under Diocletian, below with his brother Maximus. February 18.
Claudius, a boy, Martyr at Constantinople, below with Lucillian. June 3.
Claudius, Bishop of Besancon. June 6.
Claudius, the keeper of records, Nicostratus, the chief clerk, Castorius, Victorinus, and Symphorianus, Martyrs at Rome. July 7.
Claudius, Justus, Jucundinus, and five others, Martyrs at Troyes under Aurelian. July 21.
Claudius, Asterius, and Neon, brothers, together with Donvina and Theonilla, Martyrs at Aegae under Diocletian. August 23.
Claudius, Martyr at Rome under Maximian, below with Marcellinus. October 25.
Claudius, Lupercus, and Victorius, brothers, Martyrs at Leon under Diocletian and Maximian. October 30.
Claudius, Nicostratus, Symphorianus, Casborius, and Simplicius, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian. November 8.
Claudius the Tribune, Hilaria his wife, Jason and Maurus his sons, and seventy soldiers, Martyrs at Rome under Numerian. December 3.
Claudius, Crispinus, Magina, John, and Stephen, Martyrs in Africa. December 3.
Clement, Bishop of Ancyra, Martyr under Diocletian. January 23.
Clement Mary Hofbauer, Priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, at Vienna. March 15.
Clement, Martyr, above with Apellius. September 10.
Clement, Martyr at Rome, above with Celsus. November 21.
Clement, First Pope [of that name], Martyr in the Chersonese under Trajan. November 23.
Clementinus, Theodotus, and Philomenus, Martyrs at Heraclea in Thrace. November 14.
Cleonicus, Eutropius, and Basiliscus, soldiers, Martyrs under Maximian. March 3.
Cleopas, disciple of Christ, Martyr at the town of Emmaus. September 25.
Clerus the Deacon, Martyr at Antioch. January 7.
Cletus, Pope, Martyr at Rome under Domitian. April 26.
Clicerius, Bishop of Milan. September 20.
Clinius, at Aquinum. March 30.
Clodoald (Cloud), Priest, in the territory of Paris. September 7.
Clodulphus, Bishop of Metz. June 8.
Clotilde, Queen, at Paris. June 3.
Quadratus, Dionysius, Cyprian, Anectus, Paul, and Crescens, Martyrs at Corinth under Decius and Valerian. March 10.
Quadratus, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, above with Apollonius. April 21.
Cointha, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius. February 8.
Colette, Virgin, of the Third and then the Second Order of St. Francis, at Ghent. March 6.
Colman, Martyr at Stockerau. October 13.
Coloman, Priest, Martyr at Wurzburg, above with Kilian. July 8.
Columba, Priest and Abbot, on Iona, an island of Scotland. June 9.
Columba, Virgin, Martyr at Cordoba. September 17.
Columba, Virgin, Martyr at Sens under Aurelian. December 31.
Columbanus, Abbot, at the monastery of Bobbio. November 21.
Concessa, Martyr at Carthage. April 8.
Concessus, Martyr at Rome, below with Demetrius. April 9.
Concordia the nurse, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with Hippolytus. August 31.
Concordius, Priest, Martyr at Spoleto under Antoninus. January 1.
Concordius, Priest, at Rome, below with John. June 23.
Concordius, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with his father Zeno. September 2.
Concordius, Martyr at Ravenna under Maximian, below with his father Valentine. December 16.
Conon, Martyr at Perga under Decius, below with Papias. February 26.
Conon, Martyr in Cyprus under Decius. March 6.
Conon, with his twelve-year-old son, Martyrs at Iconium under Aurelian. May 29.
Conrad of Parzham, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, at Altotting in Bavaria. April 21.
Conrad, Bishop of Constance. November 26.
Consortia, Virgin, at the monastery of Cluny. June 22.
Constantia, Martyr at Nuceria under Nero, below with Felix. September 19.
Constantine, at Carthage. March 11.
Constantine, Bishop of Gap. April 12.
Constantine, at Ephesus, below among the Seven Sleepers. July 7.
Constantine, Bishop of Perugia, and Companions, Martyrs under Marcus Aurelius. January 29.
Constantine, Martyr among the Marsi under Antoninus, below with his father Simplicius. August 26.
Constantius, Bishop of Aquino. September 1.
Constantius, Mansionary of the Church, at Ancona. September 23.
Constantius, Confessor at Rome under the Pelagians. November 30.
Constantius, Martyr at Trier under Diocletian, below with Maxentius. December 12.
Copres, Martyr at Alexandria under Julian, below with Patermuthius. July 9.
Corbinian, first Bishop of Freising. September 8.
Cordula, Virgin, Martyr at Cologne under the Huns. October 22.
Corebus the Prefect, Martyr at Messina under Hadrian. April 18.
Cornelia, Martyr in Africa, below with Theodulus. March 31.
Cornelius the Centurion, disciple of blessed Peter, Bishop of Caesarea. February 2.
Cornelius, Pope, Cerealis the soldier with Sallustia his wife, and twenty-one others, Martyrs at Rome under Decius. September 14. -- Feast of the same Cornelius. September 16.
Cornelius, Martyr at Catania, below with Stephen. December 31.
Corona, Martyr in Syria under Antoninus, below with Victor. May 14.
The Four Crowned Martyrs, namely: Severus, Severianus, Carpophorus, and Victorinus, brothers, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian. November 8.
Cosmas, Damian, Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius, brothers, Martyrs at Aegae under Diocletian. September 27.
Cottidus the Deacon, Eugenia, and Companions, Martyrs in Cappadocia. September 6.
Craton, with his wife and entire household, Martyrs at Rome. February 15.
Crementius, Martyr at Saragossa, above with Caius. April 16.
Crescens, Martyr at Corinth under Decius and Valerian, above with Quadratus. March 10.
Crescens, Martyr at Myra. April 15.
Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius, Martyrs. May 28.
Crescens, Bishop, disciple of blessed Paul, Martyr in Galatia under Trajan. June 27. -- Commemoration of the same Crescens, at Vienne. December 29.
Crescens, Martyr at Tibur under Hadrian, below with his mother Symphorosa. July 18.
Crescens, Martyr at Tomi, below with Priscus. October 1.
Crescens, Bishop, Confessor in Africa under Genseric, below with Valerian. November 28.
Crescentia, Martyr at the river Silarus in Lucania, under Diocletian, below with Vitus. June 15.
Crescentiana, Martyr at Rome. May 5.
Crescentianus, Martyr at Torres. May 31.
Crescentianus, Roman soldier, Martyr at Tifernum under Diocletian. June 1.
Crescentianus, Martyr in Campania under Diocletian, above with Ariston. July 2.
Crescentianus, Martyr at Augsburg, below with Hilaria. August 12.
Crescentianus, Victor, Rosula, and Generalis, Martyrs in Africa. September 14.
Crescentianus, Martyr at Rome. November 24.
Crescentianus, Bishop, Confessor in Africa under Genseric, below with Valerian. November 28.
Crescentio, Martyr at Rome, below with Narcissus. September 17.
Crescentius, at Florence. April 19.
Crescentius the boy, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. September 14.
Crescentius, Martyr at Trier under Diocletian, below with Maxentius. December 12.
Crescentius, Martyr in Africa, below with Dominic. December 29.
Cresconius, Bishop, Confessor in Africa under Genseric, below with Valerian. November 28.
Crispina, Martyr at Theveste under Diocletian and Maximian. December 5.
Crispinian the Roman, Martyr at Soissons under Diocletian, below with Crispin. October 25.
Crispin, Bishop of Pavia. January 7.
Crispin and Crispinian, Romans, Martyrs at Soissons under Diocletian. October 25.
Crispin, Bishop of Ecija and Martyr. November 19.
Crispin, Martyr in Africa, above with Claudius. December 3.
Crispin, Martyr at Tagura, below with Julius. December 5.
Crispulus, Martyr at Torres, below with Gabinus. May 30.
Crispulus and Restitutus, Martyrs in Spain. June 10.
Crispus, Priest, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, below with John. August 18.
Crispus and Caius, disciples of the Apostles, at Corinth. October 4.
Cronidas the Registrar, Martyr in Illyricum, below with Philetus. March 27.
Ctesiphon, disciple of the Apostles, Bishop of Berja, below with Torquatus. May 15.
Cucuphas, Martyr at Barcelona under Diocletian. July 25.
Culmatius the Deacon, Martyr at Arezzo, below with Gaudentius. June 19.
Cunegunde, Empress, Virgin, at Bamberg. March 3.
Cunibert, Bishop of Cologne. November 12.
Curcodomus the Deacon, at Auxerre. May 4.
Curonotus, Bishop of Iconium and Martyr. September 12.
Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne. March 20.
Cutias, Martyr at Ostia on the Tiber under Diocletian, below with his uncle Maximus. February 18.
Cyprian, Martyr at Corinth under Decius and Valerian, above with Quadratus. March 10.
Cyprian, Martyr at Brescia, below with Savinus. July 11.
Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, Martyr in Africa under Valerian. September 14. -- Feast of the same Cyprian. September 16. -- Translation of the bones of the same Cyprian, at Lyon, below with the Scillitan Martyrs, at Carthage. July 17.
Cyprian and Justina the Virgin, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Diocletian. September 26.
Cyprian, Bishop, Martyr in Africa under Huneric, below with Felix. October 12.
Cyprian, Abbot, at Perigueux. December 9.
Cyra, at Beroea, below with Marana. August 3.
Cyrenia and Juliana, Martyrs at Tarsus under Maximian. November 1.
Cyria, Martyr at Caesarea, below with Zenais. June 5.
Cyriaca, Martyr, below with Photina. March 20.
Cyriaca and five other Virgins, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Maximian. May 19.
Cyriaca the Widow, Martyr at Rome under Valerian. August 21.
Cyriacus, Martyr at Alexandria, below with Tharsicius. January 31.
Cyriacus, Martyr at Rome, below with Paul. February 8.
Cyriacus the Deacon, Largus, Smaragdus, and twenty others, Martyrs at Rome under Maximian. March 16. — The Translation of all of the same, and the Feast of Cyriacus, Largus, and Smaragdus. August 8.
Cyriacus and ten others, Martyrs at Nicomedia. April 7.
Cyriacus, Martyr at Attalia under Hadrian, below with his father Exsuperius. May 2.
Cyriacus, Bishop, Martyr at Jerusalem under Julian. May 4.
Cyriacus, Martyr at Perugia under Decius, below with Florentius. June 5.
Cyriacus and Paula the Virgin, Martyrs at Malaga. June 18.
Cyriacus, Martyr at Tomi, below with Paul. June 20.
Cyriacus and Apollinaris, Martyrs in Africa. June 21.
Cyriacus the soldier, Martyr at Satala under Maximian, below with his brother Orentius. June 24.
Cyriacus, Martyr at Sebaste, above with Antiochus. July 15.
Cyriacus, Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Syndimius, and Companions, Martyrs at Nicomedia. December 19.
Cyrilla, Martyr at Cyrene under Diocletian. July 5.
Cyrilla the Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Claudius. October 28.
Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria and Doctor of the Church. January 28 and February 9.
Cyril, Bishop of Moravia, at Rome. February 14. — The Feast of the same Cyril and his brother Methodius. July 7.
Cyril the Martyr, above with Archelaus. March 4.
Cyril the Bishop, Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urbanus, Silvanus, and Mamillus, Martyrs in Africa. March 8.
Cyril, Bishop of Jerusalem and Doctor of the Church. March 18.
Cyril, Martyr in Syria, below with Paul. March 20.
Cyril the Deacon, Martyr at Heliopolis, near Lebanon, under Julian. March 29.
Cyril, Bishop of Gortyna, Martyr under Decius. July 9.
Cyril, Bishop of Antioch. July 22.
Cyril, Aquila, Peter, Domitian, Rufus, and Menander, Martyrs at Philadelphia, in Arabia. August 1.
Cyril, Martyr at Antioch, below with Primus. October 2.
Cyril, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, above with Anastasia. October 28.
Cyrinus, Primus, and Theogenes, Martyrs in the Hellespont. January 3.
Cyrinus, Martyr at Leontini, above with Alphius. May 10.
Cyrinus the soldier, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian and Maximian, above with Basilides. June 12.
Cyrinus, Martyr at Rome under Maximian, below with Marcellinus. October 25.
Cyrion the Priest, Bassianus the Lector, Agatho the Exorcist, and Moses, Martyrs at Alexandria. February 14.
Cyrion, a Cappadocian soldier, Martyr at Sebaste under Licinius, below among the Forty Martyrs. March 9 and 10.
Cyrus and John, Martyrs at Rome. January 31.
Cyrus, Bishop of Carthage. July 14.
Cythinus, Martyr at Carthage, below among the Scillitan Martyrs. July 17.
D
Dacian, Martyr at Rome, above with Aretius. June 4.
Dacius, Martyr at Damascus, above with Caesarius. November 1.
Dadas, Martyr at Dorostorum under Diocletian, below with Maximus. April 13.
Dadas, his wife Casdoa, and his son Gabdelas, Martyrs in Persia under Shapur. September 29.
Dafrosa, Martyr at Rome under Julian. January 4.
Dalmatius, Bishop of Pavia, Martyr under Maximian. December 5.
Pope Damasus the First, at Rome. December 11.
Damian the soldier, Martyr in Africa. February 12.
Damian, Bishop of Pavia. April 12.
Damian, below with Eleutherius, at Rome. May 26.
Damian, Martyr at Aegeae under Diocletian, above with his brother Cosmas. September 27.
Daniel, Martyr at Padua. January 3.
Daniel the Egyptian, Martyr at Caesarea under Galerius Maximian, below with Elias. February 16.
Daniel, Martyr at Nicopolis under Licinius, below with Leontius. July 10.
Daniel the Prophet, at Babylon. July 21.
Daniel, Samuel, Angelus, Leo, Nicholas, and Hugolinus, Priests, and Domnus a Layman, of the Order of Friars Minor, Martyrs at Ceuta. October 10.
Daniel the Stylite, at Constantinople. December 11.
Daria, Martyr at Rome under Numerian, above with her husband Chrysanthus. October 25.
Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, Martyrs at Nicaea. December 19.
Dasius, Zoticus, Caius, and twelve other soldiers, Martyrs at Nicomedia. October 21.
Dasius, Martyr at Dorostorum. November 20.
Dathus, Bishop of Ravenna. July 3.
Datius, Bishop of Milan. January 14.
Datius, Reatrus, and Companions, Martyrs in Africa under the Vandals. January 27.
Dativa, among the Confessors in Africa under Hunneric, below with Dionysia. December 6.
Dativus, Julian, Vincent, and twenty-seven others, Martyrs. January 27.
Dativus, Martyr in Africa under Diocletian, below with Saturninus. February 11.
Dativus the Bishop, Martyr in Africa under Valerian and Gallienus, below with Nemesianus. September 10.
David the Hermit, at Thessalonica. June 26.
David, King and Prophet, at Jerusalem. December 29.
Davinus, at Lucca. June 3.
Decorosus, Bishop of Capua. February 15.
Deicola the Abbot, Irish by birth, at the monastery of Lure. January 18.
Delphinus, Bishop of Bordeaux. December 24.
Demetria the Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Julian. June 21.
Demetrius, Concessus, Hilary, and Companions, Martyrs at Rome. April 9.
Demetrius, Martyr in Africa. August 14.
Demetrius the Proconsul, Martyr at Thessalonica under Maximian. October 8.
Demetrius, Bishop of Antioch, together with Anianus the Deacon, Eustosius, and twenty others, Martyrs at Antioch. November 10.
Demetrius and Honorius, Martyrs at Ostia on the Tiber. November 21.
Demetrius, Martyr at Veroli, above with Blasius. November 29.
Demetrius, Honoratus, and Florus, Martyrs at Ostia on the Tiber. December 22.
Democritus, Secundus, and Dionysius, Martyrs at Synnada. July 31.
Deogratias, Bishop of Carthage. March 22.
Derphuta, Martyr at Amisus, above with Alexandra. March 20.
Desiderius, at Pistoia, above with Barontius. March 25.
Desiderius, Bishop of Langres, and many others from his flock, Martyrs at Langres under the Vandals. May 23.
Desiderius, Bishop of Vienne, Martyr in the territory of Lyon under Theodoric. May 23. — The Translation of the same Desiderius, at Vienne. February 11.
Desiderius, Lector of Benevento, Martyr at Pozzuoli under Diocletian, below with Januarius. September 19.
Deusdedit, at Rome. August 10.
Deusdedit the Abbot, Martyr at Monte Cassino. October 9.
Pope Deusdedit the First, at Rome. November 8.
Deusdedit, Bishop of Brescia. December 10.
Didacus, of the Order of Friars Minor, at Alcala. November 12 and 13.
Didius, Martyr at Alexandria under Galerius Maximian, below with Faustus. November 26.
Didymus, Martyr at Alexandria under Diocletian, below with Theodora. April 28.
Didymus, Martyr at Laodicea, in Syria, below with Diodorus. September 11.
Digna the Virgin, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Anastasius. June 14.
Digna the Virgin, at Todi. August 11.
Digna the handmaid, Martyr at Augsburg, below with her mistress Hilaria. August 12.
Digna and Emerita, Virgins, Martyrs at Rome under Valerian and Gallienus. September 22.
Diocles, Martyr in Istria, below with Zoellus. May 24.
Diocletius, Martyr at Osimo under Diocletian, below with Sisinius. May 11.
Diodorus, Martyr at Perge under Decius, below with Papias. February 26.
Diodorus and Rhodopianus, Martyrs at Aphrodisias under Diocletian. May 3.
Diodorus the Martyr, below with Lucia. July 6.
Diodorus, Diomedes, and Didymus, Martyrs at Laodicea in Syria. September 11.
Diodorus the Priest, Marianus the Deacon, and many others, Martyrs at Rome under Numerian. December 1. — The Finding of the same Diodorus, Marianus, and Companions, at Rome. January 17.
Diogenes, Martyr in Macedonia, below with Timothy. April 6.
Diomedes the physician, Martyr at Nicaea under Diocletian. August 16.
Diomedes, Julian, Philip, Eutychian, Hesychius, Leonides, Philadelphus, Menalippus, and Pantagapa, Martyrs. September 2.
Diomedes, Martyr at Laodicea, in Syria, above with Diodorus. September 11.
Dion the Martyr, below with Lucia. July 6.
Dionysia, Martyr at Lampsacus, below with Peter. May 15.
Dionysia, Dativa, Leontia, Tertius a devout man, Aemilianus the physician, Boniface, and three others, Confessors in Africa under Hunneric. December 6.
Dionysia, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius, above with Ammonaria. December 12.
Dionysius, Aemilianus, and Sebastian, Martyrs in Lesser Armenia. February 8.
Dionysius and Ammonius, Martyrs at Alexandria. February 14.
Dionysius, Martyr at Corinth under Decius and Valerian, above with Codratus. March 10.
Dionysius, Martyr at Aquileia under Numerian, below with Hilary. March 16.
Dionysius and another Dionysius, Martyrs at Caesarea under Diocletian, below with Timolaus. March 24.
Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth. April 8.
Dionysius the Martyr, below with Socrates. April 19.
Dionysius, Bishop of Vienne. May 8.
Dionysius, at Rome. May 12.
Dionysius, Bishop of Milan, Confessor in Cappadocia under Constantius. May 25.
Dionysius the boy, Martyr at Constantinople, below with Lucillian. June 3.
Dionysius, at Ephesus, below among the Seven Sleepers. July 27.
Dionysius, Martyr at Synnada, above with Democritus. July 31.
Dionysius and Privatus, Martyrs in Phrygia. September 20. Dionysius, Faustus, Caius, Peter, Paul, and four others, Martyrs under Valerian. October 3. — The same Dionysius, below, as Bishop of Alexandria, Confessor under Valerian and Gallienus. November 17. — The same Faustus, below, as Deacon of Alexandria, Martyr under Diocletian. November 19. — The same Caius and Faustus, above, among the Priests and Deacons, Martyrs and Confessors at Alexandria under Valerian. October 4.
Dionysius the Areopagite, Bishop, disciple of blessed Paul, Rusticus the Priest, and Eleutherius the Deacon, Martyrs at Paris. October 9.
Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria, Confessor under Valerian and Gallienus. November 17. — The same Dionysius, above, as Martyr with Companions under Valerian. October 3.
Dionysius, Martyr at Heraclea in Thrace, above with Bassus. November 20.
Dionysius, Pope, at Rome. December 26.
Dioscorides, Martyr at Smyrna. May 10.
Dioscorides, Martyr, above with Crescens. May 28.
Dioscorus, Martyr in Egypt under Numerian, below with Victorinus. February 25.
Dioscorus, Lector, Martyr in Egypt. May 18.
Dioscorus, a boy, Confessor at Alexandria under Decius, below with Heron. December 14. Dioscorus, in Lycia, below with Themistocles. December 21.
Doda, Virgin, at Rheims, above with Bova. April 24.
Dometius, a Persian Monk, with two disciples, Martyrs at Nisibis under Julian. August 7.
Dominator, Bishop of Brescia. November 5.
Dominica, Virgin, Martyr in Campania under Diocletian. July 6.
Dominic, Abbot, at Sora. January 22.
Dominic, in the city of Calzada. May 12.
Dominic, Founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, at Bologna. August 6 and 4. — The Translation of the same Dominic, at Bologna. May 24.
Dominic Loricatus. October 14.
Dominic, Bishop of Brescia. December 20.
Dominic of Silos, Abbot of the Order of Saint Benedict, in Spain. December 20.
Dominic, Victor, Primian, Lybosus, Saturninus, Crescentius, Secundus, and Honoratus, Martyrs in Africa. December 29.
Domitian, first a Hermit and then an Abbot, in the territory of Lyon. July 1.
Domitian, Martyr at Philadelphia in Arabia, above with Cyril. August 1. Domitian, Bishop of Chalons. August 9.
Domitian, Deacon, Martyr at Ancyra, below with Eutychius. December 28.
Domitius, Pelagia, Aquila, Eparchius, and Theodosia, Martyrs. March 23.
Domitius, Martyr in Syria. July 5.
Domitius, Priest, in the territory of Amiens. October 23.
Domna, Virgin, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, below with Indus. December 28.
Domnina and Companion Virgins, Martyrs at Terni. April 14.
Domnina, Martyr in Lycia under Diocletian. October 12.
Domnina, Martyr, below with Philemon. March 21.
Domninus, Victor, and Companions, Martyrs at Thessalonica. March 30.
Domninus the African, at Embrun, below with Marcellinus. April 20.
Domninus, Martyr at Thessalonica under Maximian. October 1.
Domninus, Martyr at Fidenza under Maximian. October 9.
Domninus, Theotimus, Philotheus, Silvanus, and Companions, Martyrs under Maximinus. November 5.
Domnio, Bishop, and eight soldiers, Martyrs at Salona. April 11.
Domnio, Martyr at Bergamo. July 16.
Domnio, Priest, at Rome. December 28.
Domnolus, Bishop of Le Mans. May 16.
Domnus, of the Order of Friars Minor, Martyr at Ceuta, above with Daniel. October 10.
Domnus, Bishop of Vienne. November 3.
Donata, Martyr at Carthage, below among the Scillitan Martyrs. July 17.
Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nominanda, Serotina, Hilaria, and Companions, Martyrs at Rome. December 31.
Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, Martyrs at Nantes under Diocletian. May 24.
Donatian, Bishop of Chalons. August 7.
Donatian, Praesidius, Mansuetus, Germanus, and Fusculus, Bishops and Confessors, and Laetus, Bishop and Martyr, in Africa under Hunneric. September 6.
Donatian, Bishop of Rheims, at Bruges in Flanders. October 14.
Donatilla, Virgin, Martyr at Thuburbo Lucernae under Valerian and Gallienus, below with Maxima. July 30.
Donatus, Sabinus, and Agape, Martyrs. January 25.
Donatus, Martyr at Fossombrone, above with Aquilinus. February 4.
Donatus, Deacon, Martyr at the fortress of Lemel, below with Primus. February 9.
Donatus, Secundian, Romulus, and eighty-six others, Martyrs at Concordia. February 17.
Donatus, Justus, Herena, and Companions, Martyrs in Africa. February 25.
Donatus, Martyr, below with Leo. March 1.
Donatus, Martyr in Africa, below with Epiphanius. April 7.
Donatus, Bishop of Evora (or rather of Euroea). April 30.
Donatus, Bishop, at Kassiopi on the island of Corfu. October 29.
Donatus, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia, below with Polyeuctus. May 21.
Donatus, Bishop of Arezzo, and Hilarinus the Monk, Martyrs at Arezzo under Julian. August 7.
Donatus, Priest and Anchorite, in the district of Sisteron. August 19.
Donatus, Martyr at Antioch, below with Restitutus. August 23.
Donatus and another Felix, of the Twelve Brothers, Martyrs at Sentiana under Maximian, and the Feast of these and the remaining Brothers. September 1.
Donatus, Martyr at Capua, below with Quinctius. September 5.
Donatus, Monk, Martyr at Messina, below with Placidus. October 5.
Donatus the Scot, Bishop of Fiesole. October 22.
Donatus, Bishop, at Kassiopi on the island of Corfu. October 29.
Donatus, Martyr, below with Hermogenes. December 12.
Donatus, Martyr at Alexandria, below with Mansuetus. December 30.
Donvina, Martyr at Aegeae under Diocletian, above with Claudius. August 23.
Dorimedon, a Senator, Martyr at Synnada under Probus, below with Trophimus. September 19.
The Seven Sleepers, at Ephesus, namely: Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Dionysius, John, Serapion, and Constantine. July 27.
Dorothy, Virgin, and Theophilus the Scholar, Martyrs at Caesarea in Cappadocia. February 6. Dorothy, Virgin, Martyr at Aquileia under Nero, below with Euphemia. September 3.
Dorotheus, Martyr at Tarsus, above with Castor. March 28.
Dorotheus, Priest, Martyr at Tyre under Julian. June 5.
Dorotheus and Gorgonius, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Diocletian. September 9.
Droctoveus, Abbot, at Paris. March 10.
Drogo, at Valenciennes. April 16.
Drusus, Zosimus, and Theodore, Martyrs at Antioch. December 14.
Drusus, Martyr at Tripoli, below with Lucian. December 24.
Dula, a maidservant, Martyr at Nicomedia. March 25.
Dulas, Martyr at Zephyrium. June 15.
Dunstan, Bishop of Canterbury. May 19.
D
Dympna, Virgin, daughter of the King of Ireland, Martyr at Gheel. May 15.
E
Eadbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne. May 6.
Edmund, King of the English and Martyr. November 20.
Ebrulphus, Abbot, in the district of the Hiemois. December 29.
Ethelbert, King of Kent, in England. February 24.
Ethelburga, Abbess and Virgin, at York. July 7.
Etheldreda, Queen and Virgin, in the monastery of Ely in Britain. June 23.
Edistius, Martyr at Ravenna. October 12.
Edith, Virgin, daughter of the King of the English, in England. September 16.
Edmund, Bishop of Canterbury, Confessor, at Provins. November 16.
Edward, King of the English. January 5. — The Translation of the same Edward, in England. October 13.
Edward, King of the Britons and Martyr. March 18.
Egbert, Priest and Monk, on Iona, an island of Scotland. April 24.
Egdunus, Priest, and seven others, Martyrs at Nicomedia. March 12.
Eleazar, Martyr at Lyon, below with Minervus. August 23.
Elesbaan, King of the Ethiopians, later a Monk. October 27.
Eleuchadius, Bishop of Ravenna. February 15.
Eleusippus, Martyr at Langres under Marcus Aurelius, below with his brother Speusippus. January 17.
Eleutherius, Bishop of Constantinople and Martyr. February 20.
Eleutherius, Bishop of Tournai. February 20.
Eleutherius, an Illyrian Bishop, and his mother Anthia, Martyrs at Messina under Hadrian. April 18.
Eleutherius, Pope, Martyr at Rome, and those sent by him to England, Damian and Fugatius. May 26.
Eleutherius, at Arce. May 29.
Eleutherius, a man of Senatorial rank, Martyr at Constantinople under Maximian. August 4.
Eleutherius and Leonides, Martyrs. August 8.
Eleutherius, Bishop of Auxerre. August 16.
Eleutherius, Abbot, servant of God, at Rome. September 6.
Eleutherius, a soldier, with innumerable others, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Diocletian. October 2.
Eleutherius, Deacon, Martyr at Paris, above with Dionysius. October 9.
Elias, Jeremiah, Isaiah, Samuel, and Daniel, Egyptians, Martyrs at Caesarea under Galerius Maximian. February 16.
Elias the Priest, Paul and Isidore the Monks, Martyrs at Cordoba. April 17.
Elijah the Prophet, on Mount Carmel. July 20.
Elias, Bishop of Jerusalem, Confessor under Anastasius, below with Flavian. July 20.
Elias, an Egyptian Bishop, Martyr in Palestine, below with Peleus. September 19.
Eligius, Bishop of Noyon. December 1.
Eliphius, Martyr at Cologne under Julian. October 16.
Elizabeth, Virgin, at Schonau. June 18.
Elizabeth, Widow, Queen of Portugal, at Estremoz. July 4 and 8.
Elizabeth Bichier des Ages, Virgin, Co-Foundress with Saint Andrew Hubert Fournet of the Institute of the Daughters of the Cross, at Le Puy. August 26.
Elizabeth, mother of Saint John the Baptist. November 5.
Elizabeth, Widow, of the Third Order of Saint Francis, in the town of Marburg. November 19.
Elisha the Prophet, at Samaria. June 14.
Elphegus, Bishop of Canterbury and Martyr. April 19.
Elpidiphorus, Martyr in Persia, above with Acindynus. November 2.
Elpidius, Bishop, Martyr at Chersonesus, above with Basil. March 4.
Elpidius, in Campania, Confessor under the Vandals, below with Priscus. September 1.
Elpidius, Bishop of Lyon. September 2.
Elpidius, Abbot, in Picenum. September 2.
Elpidius, a man of senatorial rank, Marcellus, Eustochius, and Companions, Martyrs under Julian. November 16.
Elzear, Count, at Paris. September 27.
Emerentiana, Virgin, catechumen, Martyr at Rome. January 23.
Emeric, son of the King of Hungary, at Szekesfehervar. November 4.
Emerita, Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Valerian and Gallienus, above with Digna. September 22.
Emila, Deacon, and Jeremiah, Martyrs at Cordoba. September 15.
Emmanuel, Martyr, below with Quadratus. March 26.
Emmelia, at Caesarea in Cappadocia, above with her husband Basil. May 30.
Emmeram, Bishop of Regensburg and Martyr. September 22.
Emygdius, Bishop of Ascoli, Martyr under Diocletian. August 5.
Encratis, Virgin, Martyr at Zaragoza. April 16.
Eneco, Benedictine Abbot, in the monastery of Onna. June 1.
Engelbert, Bishop of Cologne, Martyr at the city of Schwelm. November 7.
Ennatha, Virgin, Martyr at Caesarea under Galerius Maximian, above with Antoninus. November 13.
Ennodius, Bishop of Pavia. July 17.
Eobanus, Co-bishop, Martyr in Frisia, above with Boniface. June 5.
Epaphras, disciple of blessed Paul, Bishop of Colossae and Martyr. July 19.
Epaphroditus, disciple of the Apostles, Bishop of Terracina. March 22.
Eparchius, Martyr, above with Domitius. March 23.
Eparchius, Abbot, at Angouleme. July 1.
Ephebus, Martyr at Terni, below with Proculus. February 14.
Ephisius, Martyr at Cagliari under Diocletian. January 15.
Ephraem, Bishop, Martyr at Chersonesus, above with Basil. March 4.
Ephraem, Deacon and Doctor of the Church, at Edessa. June 18.
Epicharis, a woman of senatorial rank, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. September 27.
Epictetus, Jucundus, Secundus, Vitalis, Felix, and seven others, Martyrs in Africa. January 9.
Epictetus, Martyr at Portus Romanus, below with Martialis. August 22.
Epigmenius, Priest, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. March 24.
Epimachus and Alexander, Martyrs at Alexandria under Decius. December 12. — The Translation of the same Epimachus, at Rome, below with Gordian. May 10.
Epiphana, Martyr at Lentini under Diocletian. July 12.
Epiphanius, Bishop of Pavia. January 21.
Epiphanius, Bishop, Donatus, Rufinus, and thirteen others, Martyrs in Africa. April 7.
Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis. May 12.
Epipodius, Martyr at Lyon under Antoninus. April 22.
Episteme, Martyr at Emesa under Decius, below with her husband Galation. November 5.
Epitacius, Bishop, and Basileus, Martyrs in Spain. May 23.
Epolonius, a boy, Martyr at Antioch under Decius, above with Babylas. January 24.
Equitius, Abbot, in the province of Valeria. August 11.
Erasma, Virgin, Martyr at Aquileia under Nero, below with Euphemia. September 3.
Erasmus, Bishop, Martyr at Formia under Diocletian. June 2.
Erasmus, Martyr at Antioch. November 25.
Erastus, disciple of blessed Paul, Bishop of Philippi and Martyr. July 26.
Erconwald, Bishop of London. April 30.
Erhard, Bishop of Regensburg. January 8.
Eric, King of Sweden, Martyr at Uppsala. May 18.
Erminus, Bishop of Lobbes. April 25.
Erotheis, a servant, Martyr in Cappadocia under Diocletian, above with her mistress Capitolina. October 27.
Erotis, Martyr. October 6.
Ezra the Prophet, in Palestine, below with Joel. July 13.
Ethbin, Abbot, in the monastery of the Forest of Nect, in Ireland. October 19.
Ethelwold, Bishop of Winchester. August 1.
Eubulus, Martyr at Caesarea under Diocletian. March 7.
Eucarpius, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with Trophimus. March 18.
Eucarpus, Martyr in Asia, above with Bardomianus. September 25.
Eucharius, disciple of blessed Peter, first Bishop of Trier. December 8.
Eucherius, Bishop of Orleans. February 20.
Eucherius, a man of senatorial rank, Bishop of Lyon. November 16.
Eudocia, Martyr at Heliopolis, near Lebanon, under Trajan. March 1.
Eudoxius, Zeno, Macarius, and one thousand one hundred and four Companions, soldiers, Martyrs at Melitene under Diocletian. September 5.
Eudoxius, Martyr at Sebaste under Licinius, above with Carterius. November 2.
Eugendus, Abbot, in the territory of Lyon. January 1.
Eugenia, Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Gallienus. December 25.
Eugenianus, Martyr at Autun. January 8.
Eugenius, Martyr in Africa, above with Aquilinus. January 4.
Eugenius, Martyr at Neocaesarea, below with Mardonius. January 24.
Eugenius, Bishop, Martyr at Chersonesus, above with Basil. March 4.
Eugenius, Martyr in Syria, below with Paul. March 20.
Eugenius, Bishop, Martyr under Huneric, below with Vindemialis. May 2.
Eugene, Pope, the First, at Rome. June 2.
Eugene, Pope, the Third, at Rome. July 8.
Eugenius, Bishop of Carthage, and all the Clergy of that Church, numbering nearly five hundred or more, among whom were Salutaris the Archdeacon, Muritta the Deacon, and very many boy Lectors, Confessors in Africa under Huneric. July 13.
Eugenius, Martyr at Tivoli under Hadrian, below with his mother Symphorosa. July 18.
Eugenius, Martyr, above with Apollonius. July 23.
Eugenius, Martyr at Rome under Gallienus, below with Lucilla. July 29.
Eugenius, Martyr in Cappadocia, above with Cottidus. September 6.
Eugenius, Martyr at Damascus, below with his father Paul. September 25.
Eugenius, Bishop of Toledo. November 13.
Eugenius, Bishop of Toledo, Martyr in the territory of Paris. November 15.
Eugenius, Deacon, at Florence. November 17.
Eugenius, Martyr among the Arabraci under Diocletian, below with Eustratius. December 13.
Eugenius and Macarius, Priests, Martyrs in Arabia under Julian. December 20.
Eugenius, Bishop of Milan. December 30.
Eugraphus, Martyr at Alexandria under Galerius Maximian, below with Menas. December 10.
Eulalia, Virgin, Martyr at Barcelona under Diocletian. February 12.
Eulalia, Virgin, Martyr at Merida under Maximian. December 10.
Eulampia, Virgin, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with her brother Eulampius. October 10.
Eulampius, his sister Eulampia, Virgin, and two hundred others, Martyrs at Nicomedia. October 10.
Eulogius, Deacon, Martyr at Tarragona under Gallienus, below with Fructuosus. January 21.
Eulogius, Priest, Martyr at Cordoba. March 11.
Eulogius, Bishop of Edessa. May 5.
Eulogius and Companions, Martyrs at Constantinople. July 3.
Eulogius, Bishop of Alexandria. September 13.
Eumenius, Bishop of Gortyna. September 18.
Eunicianus, Martyr in Crete under Decius, below with Theodulus. December 23.
Eunomia, a servant, Martyr at Augsburg, below with her mistress Hilaria. August 12.
Eunus, a slave, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius, below with his master Julian. February 27 and October 30.
Euphebius, Bishop of Naples. May 23.
Euphemia, Martyr at Amisus, above with Alexandra. March 20.
Euphemia, Dorothea, Thecla, and Erasma, Virgins, Martyrs at Aquileia under Nero. September 3.
Euphemia, Virgin, Martyr at Chalcedon under Diocletian. September 16.
Euphrasia, Virgin, in the Thebaid. March 13.
Euphrasia, Martyr at Amisus, above with Alexandra. March 20.
Euphrasia, Virgin, Martyr at Ancyra, below with Theodotus. May 18.
Euphrasius, Bishop, in Africa. January 14.
Euphrasius, disciple of the Apostles, Bishop of Iliturgi, below with Torquatus. May 15.
Euphronius, Bishop of Autun. August 3.
Euphronius, Bishop of Tours. August 4.
Euphrosyne, Virgin, at Alexandria. January 1.
Euphrosyne, Virgin, Martyr at Terracina under Domitian, below with Flavia Domitilla. May 7.
Euplius, Deacon, Martyr at Catania under Diocletian and Maximian. August 12.
Euporus, Martyr in Crete under Decius, below with Theodulus. December 23.
Euprepes, Martyr at Rome, above with Castulus. November 30.
Euprepia, a servant, Martyr at Augsburg, below with her mistress Hilaria. August 12.
Euprepius, Bishop of Verona. August 21.
Euprepius, Martyr at Aegae under Diocletian, above with his brother Cosmas. September 27.
Eupsychius, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia, under Julian. April 9.
Eupsychius, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia, under Hadrian. September 7.
Eusebia, Virgin, Martyr at Bergamo. October 29.
Eusebius the Palatine and nine others, Martyrs. March 5.
Eusebius, Neon, Leontius, Longinus, and four others, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Diocletian. April 24.
Eusebius, Martyr, above with Aphrodisius. April 28.
Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata and Martyr. June 21.
Eusebius, Bishop of Vercelli and Martyr. August 1 and December 16. — The Ordination of the same Eusebius, at Vercelli. December 15.
Eusebius, Bishop of Milan. August 12.
Eusebius, Priest, Confessor at Rome under Constantius. August 14.
Eusebius, Pope, at Rome. August 17.
Eusebius, Pontianus, Vincent, and Peregrinus, Martyrs at Rome under Commodus. August 25.
Eusebius, Nestabus, and Zeno, brothers, Martyrs at Gaza under Julian. September 8.
Eusebius, Martyr in Phoenicia. September 21.
Eusebius, Bishop of Bologna. September 26.
Eusebius, Martyr at Alexandria under Valerian, above with Caius. October 4.
Eusebius, Martyr at Adrianople, in Thrace, under Julian, below with Philip. October 22.
Eusebius, Monk, Martyr at Terracina, below with Felix. November 5.
Eusebius, Priest, Marcellus, Deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Maria, Martana, and Aurelia, Martyrs at Rome under Valerian. December 2.
Eusignius, soldier, Martyr at Antioch under Julian. August 5.
Eustachius, Bishop of Antioch, Confessor at Trajanopolis under Constantius. July 16.
Eustachius, his wife Theopistes, and his sons Agapitus and Theopistus, Martyrs at Rome under Hadrian. September 20.
Eustachius, Priest, in Syria. October 12.
Eustachius, Thespesius, and Anatolius, Martyrs at Nicaea under Maximinus. November 20.
Eustachius, Bishop, Confessor in Africa under Genseric, below with Valerian. November 28.
Eustasius, Abbot, in the monastery of Luxeuil. March 29.
Eustathius, Martyr at Ancyra. July 28.
Eusterius, Bishop of Salerno. October 19.
Eustochium, Roman Virgin, at Bethlehem. September 28.
Eustochium, Virgin, Martyr at Tarsus under Julian. November 2.
Eustochius, Bishop of Tours. September 19.
Eustochius, Martyr under Julian, above with Elpidius. November 16.
Eustolia of Rome and Sopatra, daughter of Emperor Maurice, Virgins, at Constantinople. November 9.
Eustorgius, Priest, at Nicomedia. April 11.
Eustorgius the Second, Bishop of Milan. June 6.
Eustorgius the First, Bishop of Milan. September 18.
Eustosius, Martyr at Antioch, above with Demetrius. November 10.
Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugenius, Mardarius, and Orestes, Martyrs at Sebasteia and among the Arabraci, in Armenia, under Diocletian. December 13.
Euthalia, Virgin, Martyr at Leontini. August 27.
Euthymius, Abbot, in Palestine. January 20.
Euthymius, Bishop of Sardica, Martyr under Theophilus. March 11.
Euthymius, Deacon, Martyr at Alexandria. May 5.
Euthymius of Rome, at Perugia. August 29.
Euthymius, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian. December 24.
Eutropia, Virgin, a twelve-year-old girl, Martyr at Sibapolis, below with Lybe. June 15.
Eutropia, Widow, in Gaul. September 15.
Eutropia, Martyr at Alexandria. October 30.
Eutropia, Virgin, Martyr at Rheims, below with her brother Nicasius. December 14.
Eutropius, Lector, Martyr at Constantinople, below with Tigrius. January 12.
Eutropius, soldier, Martyr under Maximian, above with Cleonicus. March 3.
Eutropius, Bishop of Saintes and Martyr. April 30.
Eutropius, Bishop of Orange. May 27.
Eutropius, and the sisters Zosima and Bonosa, Martyrs at Portus Romanus. July 15.
Eutyches, Martyr under Trajan, below with Maro. April 15.
Eutychianus, Martyr in Campania under Diocletian, above with Aristo. July 2.
Eutychianus, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with Strato. August 17.
Eutychianus, Martyr, above with Diomedes. September 2.
Eutychianus of Spain, Martyr in Africa under Genseric, above with Arcadius. November 13.
Eutychianus, Pope, Martyr at Rome under Numerian. December 7.
Eutychius, Martyr at Rome. February 4.
Eutychius, a patrician, and Companions, Martyrs at Carrhae under Evelid. March 14.
Eutychius and Companions, Martyrs at Alexandria under Constantius. March 26.
Eutychius, Martyr at Ferentinum. April 15.
Eutychius, Deacon, Martyr in Mauretania Caesariensis, below with Timothy. May 21.
Eutychius and Florentius, Monks, at Nursia. May 23.
Eutychius, disciple of the blessed John the Evangelist, Confessor in many regions. August 24.
Eutychius, Martyr at Pozzuoli under Diocletian, below with Januarius. September 19.
Eutychius, Plautus, and Heracleas, Martyrs in Thrace. September 29.
Eutychius, Martyr at Messina, below with his brother Placidus. October 5.
Eutychius, Martyr in Spain, below with Honorius. November 21.
Eutychius, Martyr in Spain. December 11.
Eutychius, Priest, and Domitian, Deacon, Martyrs at Ancyra. December 28.
Evagrius, Bishop of Constantinople, Confessor under Valens. March 6.
Evagrius and Benignus, Martyrs, at Tomi. April 3.
Evagrius, Martyr at Tomi, below with Priscus. October 1.
Evagrius, Priscian, and Companions, Martyrs at Rome. October 12.
Evaristus, Martyr at Caesarea under Diocletian, above with his brother Carponius. October 14.
Evaristus, Pope, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian. October 26.
Evaristus, Martyr in Crete under Decius, below with Theodulus. December 23.
Evasius, Bishop of Casale and Martyr. December 1.
Evasius, Bishop of Brescia. December 2.
Evellius, Martyr at Rome under Nero. May 11.
Eventius, Martyr, above among the Martyrs of Zaragoza. April 16.
Eventius, Priest, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian, above with Alexander. May 3.
Evergislus, Bishop of Cologne, Martyr at Tongeren. October 24.
Evilasius, Martyr at Cyzicus under Maximian, below with Fausta. September 20.
Evodius, Hermogenes, and their sister Callista, Martyrs at Syracuse. April 25. — Commemoration of the same Evodius, Hermogenes, and Callista. September 2.
Evodius, disciple of the blessed Peter, Bishop of Antioch, and Martyr. May 6.
Evodius, Martyr at Nicaea, below with his mother Theodota. August 2.
Evodius, Bishop of Rouen. October 8.
Evortius, Bishop of Orleans, formerly a Subdeacon at Rome. September 7.
Exanthus, Martyr at Novum Comum, above with Carpophorus. August 7.
Expeditus, Martyr at Melitene, below with Hermogenes. April 19.
Exsuperantia, Virgin, at Troyes. April 26.
Exsuperantius, Bishop of Cingoli. January 24.
Exsuperantius, Bishop of Ravenna. May 30.
Exsuperantius, Deacon, Martyr at Spoleto under Maximian, below with Sabinus. December 30.
Exsuperia, Martyr at Rome, below with Symphronius. July 26. — Translation of the same Exsuperia, at Rome, below with Nemesius. August 25. — Discovery of the same Exsuperia, at Rome, below with the Discovery of Nemesius. December 8.
Exsuperius, his wife Zoe, and their sons Cyriacus and Theodulus, Martyrs at Attalia under Hadrian. May 2.
Exsuperius, soldier, Martyr under Maximian, below with Maurice. September 22.
Exsuperius, Bishop of Toulouse. September 28.
Exsuperius, Martyr at Vienne, below with Severinus. November 19.
Ewaldus, Priest, and likewise another Ewaldus, Priest, Martyrs among the Saxons. October 3.
Ezekiel the Prophet, Martyr at Babylon. April 10.
F
Fabian, Pope, Martyr at Rome under Decius. January 20.
Fabian, Martyr at Catania, below with Stephen. December 31.
Fabius, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, below with Maximus. May 11.
Fabius, Martyr at Caesarea, in Mauretania. July 31.
Fabricanus and Philibert, Martyrs in Spain. August 22.
Facundus and Primitivus, Martyrs at the river Cea, in Gallaecia. November 27.
Fandila, Priest and Monk, Martyr at Cordoba. June 13.
Fantinus, Monk, at Thessalonica. August 30.
Fara, also called by the name Burgundofara, Abbess and Virgin, at Eboriacum. April 3. — Commemoration of the same Fara, likewise at Eboriacum. December 7.
Faro, Bishop of Meaux. October 28.
Fausta, Virgin, and Evilasius, Martyrs at Cyzicus under Maximian. September 20.
Fausta, at Rome. December 19.
Faustinianus, Bishop of Bologna. February 26.
Faustinus and Jovita, brothers, Martyrs at Brescia under Hadrian. February 15.
Faustinus, Bishop of Bressanone. February 16.
Faustinus and forty-four others, Martyrs at Rome. February 17.
Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus, Martyrs at Rome. May 22.
Faustinus, Martyr at Perugia under Decius, below with Florentius. June 5.
Faustinus, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, below with his brother Simplicius. July 20.
Faustinus, at Todi. July 29.
Faustinus, Lucius, Candidus, Caelianus, Marcus, Januarius, and Fortunatus, Martyrs in Africa. December 15.
Faustus and twenty-three other Martyrs at Rome. June 24.
Faustus, Martyr under Decius. July 16.
Faustus, Martyr at Rome, above with Bonus. August 1.
Faustus, soldier. Martyr at Milan under Aurelius Commodus. August 7.
Faustus the Priest, Macarius, and ten others, Martyrs at Alexandria under Decius. September 6.
Faustus, Martyr at Antioch, below with Timothy. September 8.
Faustus, Martyr under Valerian, above with Dionysius. October 3. — The same Faustus, above with Caius, among the Priests and Deacons, Martyrs or Confessors at Alexandria under Valerian. October 4. — The same Faustus, as Deacon of Alexandria, Martyr under Diocletian. November 19.
Faustus the Monk, Martyr at Messina, below with Placidus. October 5.
Faustus, Januarius, and Martialis, Martyrs at Cordoba. October 13.
Faustus the Priest, Didius, and Ammonius, together with four Egyptian Bishops, namely Phileas, Hesychius, Pachomius, and Theodorus, and six hundred sixty others, Martyrs at Alexandria under Galerius Maximianus. November 26. — The same Phileas, below, as Bishop of Thmuis, Martyr with Companions under Diocletian, at Thmuis. February 4.
Febronia the Virgin, Martyr at Nisibis under Diocletian. June 25.
Felicianus, Bishop of Foligno, Martyr under Decius. January 24. — Translation of certain relics of the same Felicianus, at Minden. October 20.
Felicianus, Philippianus, and one hundred twenty-four others, Martyrs in Africa. January 30.
Felicianus, Martyr at Rome, below with Fortunatus. February 2.
Felicianus, Martyr at Nomentum under Diocletian and Maximian, below with his brother Primus. June 9.
Felicianus the soldier, Martyr at Marseilles, below with Victor. July 21.
Felicianus, Martyr in Lucania, below with Hyacinthus. October 29.
Felicianus, Martyr at Ravenna under Diocletian, below with Valentine. November 11.
Felicianus, Martyr at Vienne, below with Severinus. November 19.
Felicissima the Virgin, Martyr at Falerii, below with Gracilianus. August 12.
Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus, Martyrs at Todi. May 26.
Felicissimus, Martyr in Campania under Diocletian, above with Ariston. July 2.
Felicissimus the Deacon, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with Sixtus. August 6.
Felicissimus, Martyr in Africa under Valerian and Gallienus, below with Rogatianus. October 26.
Felicissimus, Martyr at Perugia. November 24.
Felicitas, Martyr at Carthage under Severus, below with Perpetua. March 7. — Feast of the same Felicitas and Perpetua. March 6.
Felicitas, Martyr in Africa, above with Cyril. March 8.
Felicitas, Martyr at Rome under Marcus Antoninus. November 23.
Felicula, Martyr at Rome, below with Vitalis. February 14.
Felicula the Virgin, Martyr at Rome. June 13.
Felinus and Gratinianus, soldiers, Martyrs at Perugia under Decius. June 1.
Felix and Januarius, Martyrs in the city of Heraclea. January 7.
Felix, Martyr in Africa, above with Epictetus. January 9.
Felix the Priest, Confessor at Nola. January 14.
Felix, Symphronius, Hippolytus, and Companions, Martyrs in Africa. February 3.
Felix, Bishop of Lyon, below with Lupicinus. February 3.
Felix, Martyr in Africa under Diocletian, below with Saturninus. February 11.
Felix, Martyr at Hadrumetum under the Vandals, below with Verulus. February 21.
Felix, Bishop of Metz. February 21.
Felix, Bishop of Brescia. February 23.
Felix the Martyr, below with Fortunatus. February 26.
Felix, Pope the Third, at Rome. March 1.
Felix, Luciolus, Fortunatus, Marcia, and Companions, Martyrs. March 3.
Felix, Martyr in Africa, above with Cyril. March 8.
Felix the Bishop, in England. March 8.
Felix, Martyr at Aquileia under Numerian, below with Hilary. March 16.
Felix the Deacon, Martyr at Girona under Diocletian, below with Narcissus. March 18.
Felix and twenty others, Martyrs in Africa. March 23.
Felix, Bishop of Trier. March 26.
Felix, Martyr in Africa, below with Theodulus. March 31.
Felix the Martyr, above among the Martyrs of Zaragoza. April 16.
Felix, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Arator. April 21.
Felix the Priest, Fortunatus and Achilleus the Deacons, Martyrs at Valence, in Gaul. April 23.
Felix the Deacon, Martyr at Seville. May 2.
Felix, Martyr at Rome under Alexander, above with Calepodius. May 10.
Felix and Gennadius, Martyrs at Uzalis. May 16.
Felix the Bishop, Martyr at Spoleto under Maximian. May 18.
Felix, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, at Rome. May 18.
Felix, Martyr in Istria, below with Zoellus. May 24.
Felix, Martyr in Sardinia, above with Aemilius. May 28.
Felix and Fortunatus, brothers, Martyrs at Aquileia under Diocletian and Maximian. June 11.
Felix the Monk, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Anastasius. June 14.
Felix the Athenian, Martyr at Apollonia, below with Isaurus. June 17.
Felix the Priest, Martyr at Sutri. June 23.
Felix, Martyr in Campania under Diocletian, above with Ariston. July 2.
Felix, Martyr at Rome under Antoninus, below among the Seven Brothers. July 10.
Felix, Martyr in Africa, below with Januarius. July 10.
Felix, Martyr at Lodi under Maximian, below with Nabor. July 12.
Felix, first Bishop of Como. July 14.
Felix, Bishop of Pavia and Martyr. July 15.
Felix, Martyr at Carthage, below among the Scillitan Martyrs. July 17.
Felix, Bishop of Verona. July 19.
Felix of Siponto, Martyr at Furconium, below with Florentius. July 25.
Felix, Martyr at Cordoba, below with George. July 27.
Felix, Julia, and Jucunda, Martyrs at Nola. July 27.
Felix, Pope the Second, Martyr at Cerveteri under Constantius, and his Discovery together with the Martyrs Mark, Marcellian, Tranquillinus, Abundius, and Abundantius, at Rome. July 29.
Felix, Martyr at Girona. August 1.
Felix, Martyr at Portus Romanus, below with Martial. August 22.
Felix the Priest, at Pistoia. August 26.
Felix the Priest and Adauctus, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian and Maximian. August 30.
Felix, one of the Twelve Brothers, Martyr at Venosa under Maximian, below with Septimius. August 28. — Feast of the same Felix and the remaining Brothers, above with Donatus, at Sentiana. September 1.
Another Felix, one of the Twelve Brothers, Martyr at Sentiana under Maximian, above with Donatus, and the Feast of the same and the remaining Brothers. September 1.
Felix the Bishop, and likewise another Felix the Bishop, Martyrs in Africa under Valerian and Gallienus, below with Nemesianus. September 10.
Felix and Constantia, Martyrs at Nuceria under Nero. September 19.
Felix, Pope the Fourth, at Rome. September 22.
Felix the Martyr at Autun, above with Andochius. September 24.
Felix and Cyprian the Bishops, among four thousand nine hundred sixty-six Companions, including Bishops, Priests, and Deacons, Confessors and Martyrs in Africa under Hunneric. October 12.
Felix, an African Bishop, Audactus and Januarius the Priests, Fortunatus and Septimus the Lectors, Martyrs at Venosa under Diocletian. October 24.
Felix of Valois, Priest, Founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, at the Monastery of Cerfroid. November 4 and 20.
Felix the Priest and Eusebius the Monk, Martyrs at Terracina. November 5.
Felix, Martyr at Thinissa. November 6.
Felix the Monk, at Fondi. November 6.
Felix the Bishop and thirty others, Martyrs at Nola. November 15.
Felix the Bishop, Confessor in Africa under Genseric, below with Valerian. November 28.
Felix, Bishop of Bologna, formerly Deacon of Milan. December 4.
Felix, Martyr at Thagura, below with Julius. December 5.
Felix, Martyr at Rome, above with Callistus. December 29.
Felix, Pope the First, Martyr at Rome under Aurelian. December 30 and May 30.
Ferdinand the Third, King of Castile and Leon, at Seville. May 30.
Ferreolus the Priest and Ferrutio the Deacon, Martyrs at Besancon. June 16.
Ferreolus, Military Tribune, Martyr in the territory of Vienne. September 18.
Ferrutio the Deacon, Martyr at Besancon, above with Ferreolus. June 16.
Ferrutius, Martyr at Mainz. October 28.
Festus, Deacon of Benevento, Martyr at Pozzuoli under Diocletian, below with Januarius. September 19.
Festus, Martyr in Tuscany, below with John. December 21.
Fiacrius, in the territory of Meaux. August 30.
Fibitius, formerly Abbot and then Bishop of Trier. November 5.
Fidelis, Martyr in Africa. March 23.
Fidelis of Sigmaringen, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, Martyr at Seewis. April 24.
Fidelis, Martyr at Edessa under Maximian, above with his mother Bassa. August 21.
Fidelis, Martyr near Como under Maximian. October 28.
Fidentianus, Martyr in Africa, below with Secundus. November 15.
Fidentius and Terentius, Martyrs at Todi under Diocletian. September 27.
Fidentius, Bishop of Padua. November 16.
Faith, Hope, and Charity, sisters and Virgins, Martyrs at Rome under Hadrian. August 1.
Faith the Virgin, Martyr at Agen. October 6.
Fidolus, at Troyes. May 16.
Fintan, Priest and Abbot, at the monastery of Clonenagh in Ireland. February 17.
Firmatus, Deacon and Monk, Martyr at Messina, below with Placidus. October 5.
Firmatus the Deacon and his sister Flaviana the Virgin, at Auxerre. October 5.
Firmina the Virgin, Martyr at Amelia under Diocletian. November 24.
Firminus the Abbot, in the territory of Amiens. March 11.
Firminus the soldier, Martyr at Satala under Maximian, below with his brother Orentius. June 24.
Firminus, Bishop of Metz. August 18.
Firminus, Bishop of Amiens, Martyr under Diocletian. September 25.
Firminus, Bishop of Uzes. October 11.
Firmus, Martyr at Rome, below with Fortunatus. February 2.
Firmus, Martyr, below with Gorgonius. March 11.
Firmus, Martyr under Maximian. June 1.
Firmus the soldier, Martyr at Satala under Maximian, below with his brother Orentius. June 24.
Firmus, Bishop of Tagaste. July 31.
Firmus and Rusticus, Martyrs at Verona under Maximian. August 9.
Flavia Domitilla, Euphrosyna, and Theodora, Virgins, Martyrs at Terracina under Domitian. May 7. — The Feast of the same Flavia Domitilla, below with Nereus, at Rome. May 12.
Flavia, Virgin, Martyr at Messina, below with her brother Placidus. October 5.
Flaviana, Virgin, at Auxerre, above with her brother Firmatus. October 5.
Flavianus, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. January 28.
Flavianus, Bishop of Constantinople, Martyr in exile under the Eutychians. February 18.
Flavianus, Martyr in Africa under Valerian, below with Montanus. February 24.
Flavianus the Second, Bishop of Antioch, and Elias, Bishop of Jerusalem, Confessors under Anastasius. July 20.
Flavianus, Bishop of Autun. August 23.
Flavianus, former Prefect, Martyr at Aquae Taurinae under Julian, at Rome. December 22.
The Translation of Flavius Clemens, a man of Consular rank, Martyr under Domitian, at Rome. July 22.
Flavius, Augustus, and Augustinus, brothers, Martyrs at Nicomedia. May 7.
Flocellus, a boy, Martyr at Autun under Antoninus. September 17.
Flora, Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Gallienus, below with Lucilla. July 29.
Flora and Maria, Virgins, Martyrs at Cordoba. November 24.
Florentia, Martyr in the territory of Agde under Diocletian, below with Tiberius. November 10.
Florentianus, Bishop, Confessor in Africa under Genseric, below with Valerianus. November 28.
Florentina, Virgin, sister of the holy Bishops Leander and Isidore (and, according to the fourth Lesson of the Roman Breviary under the date April 4, of Fulgentius), at Seville. June 20.
Florentinus and Hilarius, Martyrs at Sion. September 27.
Florentinus, Bishop of Trier. October 16.
Florentius, Bishop of Vienne, Martyr under Gallienus. January 3.
Florentius, at Seville. February 23.
Florentius, Martyr at Osimo under Diocletian, below with Sisinius. May 11.
Florentius, Monk, at Nursia, above with Eutychius. May 23.
Florentius, Julian, Cyriacus, Marcellinus, and Faustinus, Martyrs at Perugia under Decius. June 5.
Florentius, Martyr at Carthage, above with Catulinus. July 15.
Florentius and Felix of Siponto, Martyrs at Furconium. July 25.
Florentius, Priest, at Mont-Glonne. September 22.
Florentius, Martyr at Bonn, above with Cassius. October 10.
Florentius, Martyr at Thessalonica. October 13.
Florentius, Bishop of Orange. October 17.
Florentius, Martyr at the fortress of Tiel. October 27.
Florentius, Bishop of Strasbourg. November 7.
Florian, Martyr at Lorch under Diocletian. May 4.
Florian, Calanicus, and fifty-eight others, Martyrs at Eleutheropolis. December 17.
Florius, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with Lucian. October 26.
Florus and Laurus, stonecutters, and their masters Proculus and Maximus, Martyrs in Illyricum. August 18.
Florus, Martyr at Ostia on the Tiber, above with Demetrius. December 22.
Flos, Martyr at Catania, below with Stephen. December 31.
Flosculus, Bishop of Orleans. February 2.
Fortunata, Virgin, Martyr at Caesarea under Diocletian. October 14.
Fortunatus, Martyr at Smyrna, below with Vitalis. January 9.
Fortunatus, Felicianus, Firmus, and Candidus, Martyrs at Rome. February 2.
Fortunatus, Martyr at Hadrumetum under the Vandals, below with Verulus. February 21.
Fortunatus, Felix, and twenty-seven others, Martyrs. February 26.
Fortunatus, Martyr at Rome, above with Alexander. February 27.
Fortunatus, Martyr, above with Felix. March 3.
Fortunatus and Marcianus, Martyrs in Africa. April 17.
Fortunatus, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Arator. April 21.
Fortunatus, Deacon, Martyr at Valence in Gaul, above with Felix. April 23.
Fortunatus, Priest, at Montefalco. June 1.
Fortunatus, Martyr at Aquileia under Diocletian and Maximian, above with his brother Felix. June 11.
Fortunatus and Lucianus, Martyrs in Africa. June 3.
Fortunatus, Deacon, Martyr at Aquileia, below with Hermagoras. July 12.
Fortunatus, one of the Twelve Brothers, Martyr at Potenza under Maximian, above with Arontius. August 27. — The Feast of the same Fortunatus and the remaining Brothers, above with Donatus, at Sentiana. September 1.
Fortunatus, Cajus, and Anthes, Martyrs at Salerno under Diocletian. August 28.
Fortunatus, Bishop of Todi. October 14.
Fortunatus, Martyr at Rome. October 15.
Fortunatus, Lector, Martyr at Venosa under Diocletian, above with Felix. October 24.
Fortunatus, Martyr in Africa, above with Faustinus. December 15.
Frances, Widow, at Rome. March 9.
Frances Xavier Cabrini, Virgin, Foundress of the Institute of the Missionary Sisters of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, at Chicago. December 22.
Francis Xavier-Maria Bianchi, Clerk Regular of Saint Paul, at Naples. January 31.
Francis of Paola, Founder of the Order of Minims, at Tours. April 2.
Francis de Geronimo, Priest of the Society of Jesus, at Naples. May 11.
Francis Caracciolo, Founder of the Order of Minor Clerks Regular, at Agnone. June 4.
Francis Solano, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, at Lima. July 14.
Francis Borgia, Priest of the Society of Jesus, at Rome. September 30 and October 10.
Francis, Deacon, Founder of three Orders, namely the Friars Minor, the Poor Ladies, and the Brothers and Sisters of Penance, at Assisi. October 4. — The Translation of the same Francis, at Assisi. May 25. — The Impression of the Stigmata of the same Francis, on Mount Alverna. September 17.
Francis Xavier, Priest of the Society of Jesus, on the island of Shangchuan. December 2 and 3.
Francis de Sales, Bishop of Geneva and Doctor of the Church, at Lyon. December 28. — The Translation of the same Francis, at Annecy. January 29.
Fraternus, Bishop of Auxerre and Martyr. September 29.
Frideswide, Virgin, at Oxford. October 19.
Frederick, Bishop of Utrecht on the Rhine and Martyr. July 18.
Frigidian, Bishop of Lucca. March 18. — The Translation of the same Frigidian, at Lucca. November 18.
Froilan, Bishop of Leon. October 3.
Fronto, Abbot, at Alexandria. April 14.
Fronto, Martyr, above among the Martyrs of Saragossa. April 16.
Fronto, disciple of blessed Peter, Bishop of Perigueux, and George, Priest, at Perigueux. October 25.
Fructulus, Martyr in Africa, below with Lucius. February 18.
Fructuosa, Martyr at Antioch, below with Restitutus. August 23.
Fructuosus, Bishop of Tarragona, together with Augurius and Eulogius, Deacons, Martyrs at Tarragona under Gallienus. January 21.
Fructuosus, Bishop of Braga. April 16.
Frumentius, a merchant, and another Frumentius likewise a merchant, Martyrs in Africa under Hunneric, below with Victorianus. March 23.
Frumentius, Bishop, among the Indians. October 27.
Fugatius, above with Eleutherius, at Rome. May 26.
Fulcus, at Aquino. May 22.
Fulcus, Bishop of Pavia. October 26.
Fulgentius, Bishop of Ruspe, Confessor in Sardinia under the Vandals. January 1.
Fursey, at the fortress called Peronne. January 16.
Fusca, Virgin, and her nurse Maura, Martyrs at Ravenna under Decius. February 13.
Fuscianus, Martyr at Amiens under Maximian, below with Victoricus. December 11.
Fusculus, Bishop, Martyr in Africa under Hunneric, above with Donatianus. September 6.
G
Gabdelas, Martyr in Persia under Shapur, above with his father Deda. September 29.
Gabinus, Priest, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. February 19.
Gabinus and Crispulus, Martyrs at Torres. May 30.
Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows, Cleric of the Congregation called of the Cross and Passion of the Lord, at Isola. February 27.
Gabriel Lalemant, of the Society of Jesus, Canadian Martyr, below with John de Brebeuf. March 16.
Gabriel the Archangel. March 24.
Galata, Martyr at Melitene, below with Hermogenes. April 19.
Galation and his wife Episteme, Martyrs at Emesa under Decius. November 5.
Galdinus, Cardinal, Bishop of Milan. April 18.
Galganus, Hermit, at Siena. December 3.
Galla, Widow, at Rome. October 5.
Gallicanus, a man of Consular rank, Martyr at Alexandria under Julian. June 25.
Gallus, Bishop of Clermont. July 1.
Gallus, Abbot, at Arbon. October 16.
The Finding of Gamaliel, at Jerusalem, below with the Finding of Stephen. August 3.
Gangulphus, Martyr at Varennes. May 11.
Gatian, first Bishop of Tours. December 18.
Gaudentia, Virgin, with three others, Martyrs at Rome. August 30.
Gaudentius, Bishop of Novara. January 22.
Gaudentius, Bishop of Verona, February 12.
Gaudentius, Bishop of Arezzo, and Culmatius the Deacon, Martyrs at Arezzo. June 19.
Gaudentius, Bishop of Rimini and Martyr. October 14.
Gaudentius, Bishop of Brescia. October 25.
Gaudiosus, Bishop of Brescia. March 7.
Gaudiosus, Bishop of Salerno. October 26.
Gaudiosus, African Bishop, Confessor at Naples under the Vandals. October 27.
Gaugericus, Bishop of Cambrai. August 11.
Gideon, in Palestine, below with Joshua. September 1.
Gelasius, Martyr at Fossombrone, above with Aquilinus. February 4.
Gelasius, Pope the First, at Rome. November 21.
Gelasius, Martyr in Crete under Decius, below with Theodulus. December 23.
Gemellus, Martyr at Ancyra under Julian. December 10.
Geminianus, Bishop of Modena. January 31.
Geminianus, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, below with Lucy. September 16.
Geminus, Martyr in Africa, above with Aquilinus. January 4.
Geminus, Martyr at Fossombrone, above with Aquilinus. February 4.
Gemma Galgani, Virgin, at Lucca. April 11.
Generalis, Martyr in Africa, above with Crescentianus. September 14.
Generosa, Martyr at Carthage, below among the Scillitan Martyrs. July 17.
Generosus, Martyr at Tivoli. July 17.
Genesius the mime, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. August 25.
Genesius the notary, Martyr at Arles. August 25.
Genesius, Martyr, above with Anastasius. October 11.
Gennadius, Martyr at Uzalis, above with Felix. June 16.
Genevieve, Virgin, at Paris. January 3.
Gentianus the host, Martyr at Amiens under Maximian, below with Victoricus. December 11.
Georgia, Virgin, at Clermont. February 15.
George, Bishop of Antioch in Pisidia and Confessor. April 19.
George, Martyr. April 23.
George the Deacon, Aurelius and his wife Natalia, Felix and his wife Liliosa, Martyrs at Cordoba. July 27. — Translation of the same George and Aurelius, at Paris. October 20.
George Limniotes, Monk, Martyr under Leo. August 24.
George, Priest, at Perigueux, above with Fronto. October 25.
George, Bishop of Vienne. November 2.
Gerard, Bishop of Toul. April 23.
Gerard, Venetian patrician, Bishop of Csanad, Martyr in Pannonia. September 24.
Gerard, Abbot, in the diocese of Namur. October 3.
Gerard Majella, of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, at Muro. October 16.
Gerard, Bishop of Potenza. October 30.
Gerasimus, Anchorite and Abbot, in Palestine. March 5.
Geremarus, Priest and Abbot of Flaviac. September 24.
Gereon and three hundred eighteen others, Martyrs at Cologne under Maximian. October 10.
Gerinus, Martyr. October 2.
Germana, Martyr in Africa, below with Paul. January 19.
Germaine Cousin, Virgin, at Pibrac. June 15.
Germanicus, Martyr at Smyrna under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius. January 19.
Germanus, Martyr at Rome, below with Saturninus. May 2.
Germanus, Bishop of Constantinople. May 12.
Germanus, Bishop of Paris. May 28.
Germanus the Italian, Martyr at Dyrrachium under Trajan, below with Peregrinus. July 7.
Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre, at Ravenna. July 31.
Germanus, Bishop, Martyr in Africa under Hunneric, above with Donatianus. September 6.
Germanus, Bishop of Besancon and Martyr. October 11.
Germanus, Martyr at the Ursonian estate under Diocletian, below with Servandus. October 23.
Germanus, Bishop of Capua. October 30.
Germanus, Theophilus, Caesarius, and Vitalis, Martyrs at Caesarea in Cappadocia under Decius. November 3.
Germanus, Martyr at Caesarea under Galerius Maximian, above with Antoninus. November 13.
Gerontius, Martyr in Africa, below with Paul. January 19.
Gerontius, Bishop of Ficulea, at Cagli. May 9.
Gertrude, Virgin, at Nivelles. March 17.
Gertrude, Virgin of the Order of Saint Benedict, at Helfta. November 17 and 16.
Geruntius, Bishop of Milan. May 5.
Geruntius, Bishop of Italica and Martyr. August 25.
Gervasius and Protasius, brothers, Martyrs at Milan. June 19. — Commemoration of the same Protasius, at Cologne. August 4.
Getulius, Caerealis, Amantius, and Primitivus, Martyrs at Rome under Hadrian. June 10.
Gilbert, Priest, Founder of the Sempringham Order, at Sempringham. February 4.
Gildardus, Bishop of Rouen. June 8.
Gislenus, formerly Bishop and then Monk, in Hainaut. October 9.
Glaphyra, Virgin, at Amasea. January 13.
Glyceria of Rome, Martyr at Heraclea in Thrace under Antoninus. May 13.
Glycerius, Priest, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian. December 21.
Goar, Priest, in the district of Trier. July 6.
Godfrey, Bishop of Amiens, at Soissons. November 8.
Godehard, Bishop of Hildesheim. May 4.
Gordian, Martyr under Julian, and the Translation of Epimachus, Martyr of Alexandria, at Rome. May 10.
Gordian, Martyr at Noyon, below with Valerian. September 17.
Gordius the Centurion, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia. January 3.
Gorgonia, at Nazianzus. December 9.
Gorgonius and Firmus, Martyrs. March 11.
Gorgonius, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, above with Dorotheus. September 9.
Gracilianus and Felicissima, Virgin, Martyrs at Faleria. August 12.
Grata, Widow, at Bergamo. May 1.
Gratilianus the soldier, Martyr at Perugia under Decius, above with Felinus. June 1.
Gratus, Martyr at Thagura, below with Julius. December 5.
Gregory, Bishop of Langres. January 4.
Gregory, Pope the Tenth, citizen of Piacenza, formerly Archdeacon of Liege, at Arezzo. January 10.
Gregory, Pope the Second, at Rome. February 11.
Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa. March 9.
Gregory the First, surnamed the Great, Pope and Doctor of the Church, at Rome. March 12. — Ordination of the same Gregory, at Rome. September 3.
Gregory, Bishop of Elvira. April 24.
Gregory of Nazianzus, surnamed the Theologian, formerly Bishop of Constantinople and Doctor of the Church, at Nazianzus. May 9. — Translation of the same Gregory, at Rome. June 11.
Gregory, Pope the Seventh, at Salerno. May 25.
Gregory, Bishop of Utrecht. August 25.
Gregory, Bishop of Greater Armenia, Confessor under Diocletian. September 30.
Gregory the Wonderworker, Bishop of Neocaesarea. November 17.
Gregory, Bishop of Tours. November 17.
Gregory the Decapolite, Confessor at Constantinople under the Iconoclasts. November 20.
Gregory, Bishop of Agrigento. November 23.
Gregory, Pope the Third, at Rome. December 10.
Gregory, Bishop of Auxerre. December 19.
Gregory, Priest, Martyr at Spoleto under Diocletian and Maximian. December 24.
Grimoald, Priest, at Pontecorvo. September 29.
Guarinus, Cardinal and Bishop of Palestrina, at Bologna. February 6.
Gudelia, Martyr in Persia under Shapur. September 29.
Guy, at Anderlecht. September 12.
William the Hermit, at Stabulum Rhodis. February 10.
William, Abbot, in Denmark. April 6.
William the Hermit, Father of the Hermits of Montevergine, in the territory of Goleto. June 25.
William, Bishop of Saint-Brieuc. June 29.
Gumesindus the Priest and Servus Dei the Monk, Martyrs at Cordoba. January 13.
Gummarus, at Lier. October 11.
Gundenis, Virgin, Martyr at Carthage. July 18.
Gundulphus, Bishop, in the district of Bourges. June 17.
Gunifortus, Martyr at Pavia. August 22.
Guntram, King of the Franks, at Chalon. March 28.
Gurias and Samonas, Martyrs at Edessa under Diocletian. November 15.
H
Habakkuk and Micah the Prophets, in Judea. January 13.
Habentius the Monk, Martyr at Cordoba, below with Peter. June 7.
Hadrian, Martyr at Marseilles, below with Hermes. May 1.
Hadrian and twenty-three others, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Diocletian. March 4. — Translation of the same Hadrian, at Rome, September 8.
Hadrian, Martyr at Caesarea under Diocletian. March 5.
Hadrian, Pope the Third, at Spilamberto. July 8.
Hadrian, son of the Emperor Probus, Martyr at Nicomedia under Licinius. August 26.
Hedda, Bishop of the West Saxons, in England. July 7.
Hedwig, Widow, Duchess of Poland, at Krakow. October 15 and 16.
Hegesippus, near to the times of the Apostles, at Rome. April 7.
Helanus, Priest, in the district of Reims. October 7.
Helena, Virgin, at Auxerre. May 22.
Helena, Martyr at Burgos, above with Centolla. August 13.
Helena Augusta, at Rome. August 18.
Heliconis, Martyr at Corinth under Gordian. May 28.
Helimenas the Priest, Martyr in Persia, below with Parmenius. April 22.
Heliodorus, Venustus, and seventy-five others, Martyrs in Africa. May 6.
Heliodorus, Bishop of Altinum. July 3.
Heliodorus, Martyr at Antioch of Pisidia, below with Marcus. September 28.
Heliodorus and others, Martyrs in Pamphylia under Aurelian. November 21.
Helladius, Martyr in Libya, below with Theophilus. January 8.
Helladius, Bishop of Toledo. February 18.
Helladius, Bishop of Auxerre. May 8.
Helladius the Martyr, above with Crescens. May 28.
Hemiterius and Cheledonius, brothers and soldiers, Martyrs at Calahorra. March 3.
Henedina, Martyr in Sardinia, below with Justa. May 14.
Henry the First, Emperor of the Romans, at Bamberg. July 13 and 15.
Heraclas, Bishop of Alexandria. July 14.
Heraclea, Martyr in Thrace, above with Eutychius. September 29.
Heraclides the catechumen, Martyr at Alexandria under Severus, below with Plutarch. June 28.
Heraclius, Martyr at Portus Romanus, below with Paul. March 2.
Heraclius and Zosimus, Martyrs at Carthage. March 11.
Heraclius, Martyr at Todi, above with Felicissimus. May 26.
Heraclius, Bishop of Sens. June 8.
Heraclius, in Campania, Confessor under the Vandals, below with Priscus. September 1.
Heraclius, soldier and Martyr, above with Alexander. October 22.
Heradius, Paul, Aquilinus, and two others, Martyrs at Noyon. May 17.
The Translation of Herculanus, Bishop of Perugia and Martyr under Totila, at Perugia. March 1.
Herculanus, Bishop of Brescia. August 12.
Herculanus the soldier, Martyr at Portus Romanus under Gallus. September 5.
Herculanus the soldier, Martyr on the Via Claudia under Antoninus. September 25.
Herculanus, Bishop of Perugia and Martyr. November 7.
Herena, Martyr in Africa, above with Donatus. February 25.
Herenia, Martyr in Africa, above with Cyril. March 8.
Heribert, Bishop of Cologne. March 16.
Hermagoras, disciple of blessed Mark, first Bishop of Aquileia, and Fortunatus the Deacon, Martyrs at Aquileia. July 12.
Hermas, disciple of the Apostles, at Rome. May 9.
Hermas, Serapion, and Polyaenus, Martyrs at Rome. August 18.
Hermas the Priest, Martyr at Myra, below with Nicander. November 4.
Hermelandus the Abbot, on the island of Aindre. March 25.
Hermellus, Martyr at Constantinople. August 3.
Hermenegild, son of the King of the Visigoths, Martyr at Seville. April 13.
Hermengaudius, Bishop of Urgell. November 3.
Hermes, Aggaeus, and Caius, Martyrs at Bologna under Maximian. January 4.
Hermes and Hadrian, Martyrs at Marseilles. March 1.
Hermes, with many others, Martyrs at Rome. August 28.
Hermes, Martyr at Adrianople, in Thrace, under Julian, below with Philip. October 22.
Hermes, Martyr in Africa, below with Publius. November 2.
Hermes the Exorcist, at Ratiaria. December 31.
Hermias the soldier, with his executioner, Martyrs at Comana, in Pontus, under Antoninus. May 31.
Hermippus, Martyr at Nicomedia under Maximian, below with Hermolaus. July 27.
Hermocrates, Martyr at Nicomedia under Maximian, below with Hermolaus. July 27.
Hermogenes the minister, Martyr at Antioch, below with Peter. April 17.
Hermogenes, Caius, Expeditus, Aristonicus, Rufus, and Galata, Martyrs at Melitene. April 18.
Hermogenes, Martyr at Syracuse, above with his brother Evodius. April 25. — Commemoration of the same Hermogenes, above with the Commemoration of his brother Evodius. September 2.
Hermogenes, Martyr at Alexandria under Galerius Maximian, below with Mennas. December 10.
Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others, Martyrs. December 12.
Hermolaus the Priest, and the brothers Hermippus and Hermocrates, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Maximian. July 27.
Hermylus and Stratonicus, Martyrs at Singidunum under Licinius. January 13.
Herodion, Asyncritus, and Phlegon, disciples of the Apostles. April 8.
Heron the neophyte, Martyr at Alexandria under Severus, below with Plutarch. June 28.
Heron, Bishop of Antioch and Martyr. October 17.
Heron, Arsenius, and Isidore, Martyrs, and Dioscorus, a boy Confessor at Alexandria under Decius. December 14.
Heros the soldier, Martyr at Satala under Maximian, below with his brother Orentius. June 24.
Herundo the Virgin, at Rome, below with Romula. July 23.
Hesychius, disciple of the Apostles, Bishop of Carteia, below with Torquatus. May 15.
Hesychius the soldier, Martyr at Dorostorum. June 15.
Hesychius the Italian, Martyr at Dyrrachium under Trajan, below with Peregrinus. July 7.
Hesychius the Martyr, above with Diomedes. September 2.
Hesychius, in Palestine. October 3.
Hesychius, Martyr at Melitene under Diocletian, below with Hieron. November 7.
Hesychius the soldier, Martyr at Antioch. November 18.
Hesychius, an Egyptian Bishop, Martyr at Alexandria under Galerius Maximian, above with Faustus. November 26.
Hieron, Nicander, Hesychius, and thirty others, Martyrs at Melitene under Diocletian. November 7.
Hieronides, Leontius, Serapion, Selesius, Valerian, and Straton, Martyrs at Alexandria under Maximinus. September 12.
Jerome Emiliani, Founder of the Congregation called of Somasca, at Somasca. February 8 and July 20.
Jerome, Priest and Doctor of the Church, at Bethlehem. September 30. — Translation of the same Jerome, at Rome. May 9.
Hierotheus, disciple of blessed Paul, at Athens. October 4.
Hilaria, her three handmaids Digna, Euprepia, and Eunomia, and Quiriacus, Largius, Crescentianus, Nimmia, Juliana, and twenty others, Martyrs at Augsburg. August 12.
Hilaria, Martyr at Rome under Numerian, above with her husband Claudius. December 3.
Hilaria, Martyr at Rome, above with Donata. December 31.
Hilarinus the Monk, Martyr at Arezzo under Julian, above with Donatus. August 7. — Translation of the same Hilarinus, at Ostia on the Tiber. July 16.
Hilarion, Martyr under Trajan, below with Proclus. July 12.
Hilarion the Abbot, in Cyprus. October 21.
Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers and Doctor of the Church. January 13 and 14.
Hilary, Bishop of Aquileia, and Tatian the Deacon, Felix, Largus, and Dionysius, Martyrs at Aquileia under Numerian. March 16.
Hilary, Martyr at Rome, above with Demetrius. April 9.
Hilary, Bishop of Arles. May 5.
Hilary, Martyr at Sion, above with Florentinus. September 27.
Hilary, Bishop of Javols. October 25.
Hilary the Deacon, Martyr at Viterbo under Maximian, below with Valentine. November 3.
Pope Hilarus, at Rome. February 28.
Hildegard the Virgin, at Bingen. September 17.
Hiltrudis the Virgin, at Bingen. September 27.
Himerius, Bishop of Amelia. June 17.
Hippolytus the Priest, Martyr at Antioch. January 30.
Hippolytus, Martyr in Africa, above with Felix. February 3.
Hippolytus, his nurse Concordia, and nineteen others from his household, Martyrs at Rome under Valerian. August 13.
Hippolytus, Bishop of Portus, Martyr under Alexander. August 22.
Hippolytus the Priest, Martyr in Sardinia under Alexander, below with Pontian. October 30.
Hippolytus, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, above with Eusebius. December 2.
Hirenarchus, Acacius the Priest, and seven women, Martyrs at Sebaste under Diocletian. November 27.
Homobonus, at Cremona. November 13.
Honorata the Virgin, at Pavia. January 11.
Honoratus, Bishop of Arles. January 16.
Honoratus the Abbot, at Fondi. January 16.
Honoratus, Bishop of Milan. February 8.
Honoratus, Bishop of Amiens. May 16.
Honoratus, one of the Twelve Brothers, Martyr at Potenza under Maximian, above with Arontius. August 27. — Feast of the same Honoratus and the remaining Brothers, above with Donatus, at Sentiano. September 1.
Honoratus, Bishop of Vercelli. October 28.
Honoratus, Martyr at Ostia on the Tiber, above with Demetrius. December 22.
Honoratus, Martyr in Africa, above with Dominic. December 29.
Honorius, Bishop of Brescia. April 24.
Honorius, Bishop of Canterbury. September 30.
Honorius, Martyr at Ostia on the Tiber, above with Demetrius. November 21.
Honorius, Eutychius, and Stephen, Martyrs in Spain. November 21.
Honorius, Martyr at Alexandria, below with Mansuetus. December 30.
Pope Hormisdas, at Rome. August 6.
Hormisdas, Martyr in Persia under Shapur. August 8.
Horres, Martyr at Nicaea, below with his father Theusetas. March 13.
Hortulanus the Bishop, Confessor in Africa under Genseric, below with Valerian. November 28.
Hospitius, at Nice. May 21.
Hubert, Bishop of Tongeren. November 3.
Hugh, Bishop of Grenoble. April 1.
Hugh, Bishop of Rouen. April 9.
Hugh the Abbot, at the monastery of Cluny. April 29.
Hugh, of the Carthusian Order, Bishop of Lincoln. November 17.
Hugolinus, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, Martyr at Ceuta, above with Daniel. October 10.
Hyacintha de Mariscotti, Virgin, Nun of the Third Order of Saint Francis, at Viterbo. January 30.
Hyacinthus, Martyr at Rome, below with Zoticus. February 10.
Hyacinthus, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia, under Trajan. July 3.
Hyacinthus, Martyr at Amastris. July 17.
Hyacinthus, Martyr at Portus Romanus, under Trajan. July 26.
Hyacinthus, of the Order of Preachers, at Cracow. August 15 and 17.
Hyacinthus, Alexander, and Tiburtius, Martyrs in the Sabine territory. September 9.
Hyacinthus the eunuch, Martyr at Rome under Gallienus, below with his brother Protus. September 11.
Hyacinthus, Quinctus, Felicianus, and Lucius, Martyrs in Lucania. October 29.
Hyginus, Pope, Martyr at Rome under Antoninus. January 11.
Hypatius, a boy, Martyr at Constantinople, below with Lucillian. June 3.
Hypatius, in Phrygia. June 17.
Hypatius, Military Tribune, Martyr at Tripoli, below with Leontius. June 18.
Hypatius, Bishop of Asia, and Andrew the Priest, Martyrs at Constantinople under Leo the Isaurian. August 29.
Hypatius, Bishop of Gangra, Martyr under the Novatians. November 14.
I
Ia and her Companions, with nine thousand Christians, Martyrs in Persia under Sapor. August 4.
Ignatius, Martyr in Africa, below with Laurentinus. February 3.
Ignatius of Laconi, of the Order of Capuchin Friars Minor, at Cagliari. May 11.
Ignatius the Priest, Founder of the Society of Jesus, at Rome. July 31.
Ignatius, Bishop of Constantinople. October 23.
Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, Martyr at Rome under Trajan. December 20 and February 1. — The Translation of the same Ignatius, at Antioch and Rome. December 17.
Ildefonsus, Bishop of Toledo. January 23.
Illidius, Bishop of Clermont. July 7.
Illuminata, Virgin, at Todi. November 29.
Illuminatus, in Picenum. May 11.
Indaletius, disciple of the Apostles, Bishop of Urci, below with Torquatus. May 15.
Indes the eunuch, Domna and Agape and Theophila, Virgins, and their Companions, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Diocletian. December 28.
Ingen the soldier, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Ammon. December 20.
Ingenuinus, Bishop of Sabiona. February 5.
The Holy Innocents, Martyrs at Bethlehem under Herod. December 28.
Innocent the First, Pope, at Rome. March 12 and July 28.
Innocentius, Bishop of Tortona. April 17.
Innocentius the Athenian, Martyr at Apollonia, below with Isaurus. June 17.
Innocent the Fifth, Pope, of the Order of Preachers, at Rome. June 22.
Innocentius, Sebastia, and thirty others, Martyrs at Sirmium. July 4.
Innocentius the soldier, Martyr at Sion under Maximian, below with Maurice. September 22.
Iphigenia, Virgin, disciple of blessed Matthew, in Ethiopia. September 21.
Irais, a Virgin of Alexandria, and her Companions, among whom were Priests, Deacons, and Virgins, Martyrs at Antinopolis. September 22.
Irenaeus, Martyr at Rome, below with Zoticus. February 10.
Irenaeus the Bishop, Martyr at Sirmium under Maximian. March 25.
Irenaeus the Deacon, Martyr at Pentapolis, below with Theodore. March 26.
Irenaeus, Martyr in Armenia, below with Quinctianus. April 1.
Irenaeus, Peregrinus, and Irene, Martyrs at Thessalonica. May 5.
Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyon, with almost all his people, Martyrs at Lyon under Severus. June 28.
Irenaeus the Deacon and Mustiola the matron, Martyrs at Chiusi under Aurelian. July 3.
Irenaeus and Abundius, Martyrs at Rome under Valerian. August 26.
Irenaeus, Antonius, Theodore, Saturninus, Victor, and seventeen others, Martyrs at Rome under Valerian. December 15.
Irene, Virgin, Martyr at Thessalonica under Diocletian. April 5.
Irene, Martyr at Thessalonica, above with Irenaeus. May 5.
Irene, Martyr, below with Sophia. September 18.
Irene, Virgin, Martyr at Nabantia. October 20.
Irenion, Bishop of Gaza. December 16.
Irmina, Virgin, at Trier. December 24.
Isaac the Monk, at Spoleto. April 11.
Isaac the Monk, Martyr at Cordoba. June 3.
Isaac the Hermit, Martyr at Kazimierz, above with Benedict. November 12.
Isaac Jogues, John de La Lande, and Rene Goupil, of the Society of Jesus, Martyrs at Auriesville. October 18.
Isacius, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, above with Apollo. April 21.
Isacius the Bishop, Martyr in Cyprus. September 21.
Isaiah the Egyptian, Martyr at Caesarea under Galerius Maximianus, above with Elias. February 16.
Isaiah the Prophet, Martyr at Jerusalem under Manasseh. July 6.
Isaurus the Deacon, Innocentius, Felix, Jeremiah, and Peregrinus, Athenians, Martyrs at Apollonia. June 17.
Ischyrion, a military commander, and five other soldiers, Martyrs in Egypt under Diocletian. June 1.
Ischyrion, Martyr at Alexandria. December 22.
Isidore the Bishop, Martyr at Antioch. January 2.
Isidore the Bishop, at Nitria. January 2.
Isidore, at Alexandria. January 13.
Isidore, Priest and Monk, at Pelusium. February 4.
Isidore the soldier, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius. February 5.
Isidore, Bishop of Seville and Doctor of the Church. April 4.
Isidore the Monk, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Elias. April 17.
Isidore the Farmer, at Madrid. May 10.
Isidore, Martyr on the island of Chios. May 15.
Isidore, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius, above with Heron. December 14.
Ismael, Martyr at Chalcedon under Julian, below with Manuel. June 17.
Ivo the Priest, at Louannec. May 19.
J
James the Hermit, in Palestine. January 28.
James the Priest, Martyr in Persia under Sapor. April 22.
James the Deacon, Martyr at Lambesa under Decius, below with Marianus. April 30.
James the Apostle, brother of the Lord, first Bishop of Jerusalem and Martyr, below with Philip. May 11.
James, Bishop of Nisibis, Confessor under Galerius Maximianus. July 15.
James the Apostle, brother of blessed John the Evangelist, Martyr at Jerusalem under Herod Agrippa. July 25.
James the Hermit, at Amida. August 6.
James the Priest, Martyr in Persia under Sapor, below with John. November 1.
James Intercisus and innumerable others, Martyrs in Persia under Bahram. November 27.
James of Picenum, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, at Naples. November 28.
Jader the Bishop, Martyr in Africa under Valerian and Gallienus, below with Nemesianus. September 10.
Januaria, Martyr at Portus Romanus, below with Paul. March 2.
Januaria, Martyr at Carthage, below among the Scillitan Martyrs. July 17.
Januarius, Martyr in the city of Heraclea, above with Felix. January 7.
Januarius, Martyr in Africa, below with Paul. January 19.
Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria, Martyrs in Africa. April 8.
Januarius, Martyr at Rome under Antoninus, below among the Seven Brothers. July 10.
Januarius, Marinus, Nabor, and Felix, Martyrs in Africa. July 10.
Januarius and Pelagia, Martyrs at Nicopolis. July 11.
Januarius, Martyr at Carthage, above with Catulinus. July 15.
Januarius the Subdeacon, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with Sixtus. August 6.
Januarius, one of the Twelve Brothers, Martyr at Venosa under Maximian, below with Septimus. August 28. — The Feast of the same Januarius and the remaining Brothers, above with Donatus, at Sentiana. September 1.
Januarius, Bishop of Benevento, and his Deacon Festus, and Desiderius the Lector; Sosius, Deacon of Misenum; Proculus, Deacon of Pozzuoli; Eutychius and Acutius; all Martyrs at Pozzuoli under Diocletian. September 19.
Januarius, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Faustus. October 13.
Januarius the Priest, Martyr at Venosa under Diocletian, above with Felix. October 24.
Januarius the Deacon, Martyr at Torres under Diocletian, below with Protus. October 25.
Januarius, Martyr in Africa, below with Severus. December 2.
Januarius, Martyr in Africa, above with Faustinus. December 15.
Jason, an early disciple of Christ, in Cyprus. July 12.
Jason, Martyr at Rome under Numerian, above with his father Claudius. December 3.
Jeremiah the Egyptian, Martyr at Caesarea under Galerius Maximianus, above with Elias. February 16.
Jeremiah the Prophet, Martyr at Tahpanhes, in Egypt. May 1.
Jeremiah the Monk, Martyr at Cordoba, below with Peter. June 7.
Jeremiah the Athenian, Martyr at Apollonia, above with Isaurus. June 17.
Jeremiah, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Emila. September 15.
Of Jesus Christ:
— His Nativity, at Bethlehem. December 25. — His Circumcision. January 1. — His Epiphany. January 6. — His Return from Egypt. January 7. — His Transfiguration, on Mount Tabor. August 6. — Dedication of the Basilica of the Most Holy Savior, at Rome. November 10. — The Finding of the Holy Cross, at Jerusalem. May 3. — The Feast of the Most Precious Blood. July 1. — The Exaltation of the Holy Cross, at Jerusalem. September 14. — Commemoration of the Image Crucified by the Jews, at Beirut. November 9.
Joachim, father of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in Judea. March 20 and August 16.
Joachim, of the Order of Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Siena. April 16.
Joanna de Lestonnac, Widow, Foundress of the Institute of the Daughters of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Bordeaux. February 2.
Joanna of Valois, Queen of France, Foundress of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Bourges in Aquitaine. February 4.
Joanna, wife of Chuza, steward of Herod, a disciple of Christ. May 24.
Joan of Arc, Virgin, called the Maid of Orleans, at Rouen. May 30.
Joan Antida Thouret, Virgin, Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of Charity, at Naples. August 24.
Joan Elisabeth Bichier des Ages, Virgin, Foundress of the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross, at Le Puy, in the diocese of Poitiers. August 26.
Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal, Widow, Foundress of the Order of the Nuns of the Visitation of St. Mary, at Moulins. December 13 and August 21.
John the Good, Bishop of Milan. January 10.
John, Bishop of Ravenna. January 12.
John Calybites, at Constantinople. January 15.
John, Monk, at Rome, above with Antony. January 17.
John the Almsgiver, Bishop of Alexandria. January 23.
John, Priest, a man devoted to God, in the monastery of Reome. January 28.
John Bosco, Confessor, Founder of the Salesian Society and of the Institute of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, at Turin. January 31.
John, Martyr at Rome, above with Cyrus. January 31.
John de Britto, Martyr of the Society of Jesus, in the kingdom of Marava. February 4.
John, Monk, surnamed Theristus, at Stilo. February 24.
John Joseph of the Cross, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, at Naples. March 5.
John of God, Founder of the Order of the Brothers of Hospitality for the Sick, at Granada. March 8.
John de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalemant, Anthony Daniel, Charles Garnier, Noel Chabanel, of the Society of Jesus, Canadian Martyrs. March 16.
John, Abbot, having come from Syria, near the city of Penne. March 19.
John, Hermit, in Egypt. March 27.
John Climacus, Abbot, on Mount Sinai. March 30.
John Baptist de la Salle, Priest, Founder of the Society of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, at Rouen. April 7 and May 15.
John, Abbot, at Constantinople. April 27.
John Damascene, Priest and Doctor of the Church. May 6 and March 27.
John, Bishop of York. May 7.
John the Silent, formerly Bishop of Colonia in Armenia and afterwards a monk in the laura of St. Sabbas, in Palestine. May 13.
John Nepomucene, Priest, Martyr at Prague. May 16.
John, Pope the First, Martyr at Ravenna under Theodoric. May 18. — Translation of the same John at Rome. May 27.
John Baptist De Rossi, Priest, at Rome. May 23.
John de Prado, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, Martyr at Morocco. May 24.
John, Bishop of Verona. June 6.
John of Sahagun, of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, at Salamanca. June 11 and 12.
John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester and Cardinal, Martyr at London in England. June 22.
John, Bishop of Naples. June 22.
John, Priest, Martyr at Rome under Julian, and Concordius, Priest. June 23.
Of John the Baptist, Precursor of the Lord:
— Nativity. June 24. — Beheading. August 29. — First finding of his head, at Jerusalem. February 24.
John and Paul, brothers, Martyrs at Rome under Julian. June 26.
John, Priest, at the fortress of Caino. June 27.
John, Bishop of Bergamo, Martyr under the Arians. July 11.
John Gualbert, Abbot, Founder of the Order of Vallombrosa, in the monastery of Passignano. July 12.
John, Monk, in Syria. July 21.
John, at Ephesus, below among the Seven Sleepers. July 27.
John Colombini, Founder of the Order of the Jesuati, at Siena. July 31.
John Mary Vianney, Priest, in the village of Ars. August 4 and 9.
John Berchmans, scholastic of the Society of Jesus, at Rome. August 13.
John and Crispus, Priests, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian. August 18.
John Eudes, Founder of the Congregation of the Priests of Jesus and Mary and also of the Order of the Nuns of Our Lady of Charity, at Caen. August 19.
John, Martyr at Tomi, below with his father Marcellinus. August 27.
John, Bishop of Pavia. August 27.
John, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian and Maximian. September 7.
John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople and Doctor of the Church, at Comana, in Pontus. September 14. — Translation of the same John, at Constantinople and Rome. January 27.
John, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, above with Abundius. September 16.
John, Martyr in Africa, above with Andrew. September 23.
John, who is also called Mark, disciple of the Apostles, Bishop of Byblos. September 27.
John, Martyr at Cordoba, above with his brother Adulphus. September 27.
John Leonardi, Founder of the Congregation of the Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, at Rome. October 9.
John de La Lande, Coadjutor of the Society of Jesus, above with Isaac Jogues, Martyr at Auriesville. October 18.
John of Capistrano, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, at Villach. October 23 and March 28.
John the Good, of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, at Mantua. October 23.
John, Bishop of Autun. October 29.
John, Bishop, and James, Priest, Martyrs in Persia under Shapur. November 1.
John, Hermit, Martyr at Kazimierz, above with Benedict. November 12.
John, Martyr in Africa, above with Claudius. December 3.
John the Wonderworker, Bishop of Polybotus. December 5.
John of the Cross, Priest and Doctor of the Church, companion of St. Teresa in the reform of the Carmelites, at Ubeda. December 14 and November 24.
John de Matha, Priest, Founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, at Rome. December 17 and February 8.
John and Festus, Martyrs in Tuscany. December 21.
John Cantius, Priest, at Cracow. December 24 and October 20.
John, Apostle and Evangelist, at Ephesus. December 27. — The same John, Martyr at Rome, before the Latin Gate, under Domitian. May 6.
John Francis Regis, Priest of the Society of Jesus, in the village of La Louvesc. December 31.
Joannicius, Abbot, in Bithynia. November 4.
Job, Prophet, in the land of Uz. May 10.
Joel and Ezra, Prophets, in Palestine. July 13.
Jonah, Monk, in Egypt. February 11.
Jonah and Barachisius, brothers, Monks, Martyrs in Persia under Shapur. March 29.
Jonah, Prophet, in the land of Saar. September 21.
Jonah, Priest, Martyr near the village of the Castrenses. September 22.
Josaphat, of the Order of St. Basil, Bishop of Polotsk, Martyr at Vitebsk. November 12 and 14.
Josaphat, among the Indians, above with Barlaam. November 27.
Joseph of Arimathea, disciple of Christ, at Jerusalem. March 17.
Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary. March 19. — The Worker. May 1.
Joseph, who was surnamed the Just, disciple of Christ, Confessor in Judea. July 20.
Joseph of Leonessa, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, in the town of Amatrice. February 4.
Joseph, Deacon, at Antioch. February 15.
Joseph, Martyr, below with his mother Photina. March 20.
Joseph Oriol, Priest, at Barcelona. March 23.
Joseph, Priest, Martyr in Persia under Shapur. April 22.
Joseph Benedict Cottolengo, Founder of the Little House of Divine Providence, at Chieri, near Turin. April 30.
Joseph Cafasso, Priest, at Turin. June 23.
Joseph the Count, at Scythopolis. July 22.
Joseph Calasanz, Priest, Founder of the Order of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools, at Rome. August 25 and 27.
Joseph of Cupertino, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, at Osimo. September 18.
Joshua and Gideon, in Palestine. September 1.
Jovinianus, Lector, Martyr at Auxerre. May 5.
Jovinus and Basileus, Martyrs at Rome under Valerian and Gallienus. March 2.
Jovinus, Martyr at Rome, below with Peter. March 26.
Jovita, Martyr at Brescia under Hadrian, above with his brother Faustinus. February 13.
Jucunda, Martyr at Nola, above with Felix. July 27.
Jucunda, Virgin, in Emilia. November 25.
Jucundianus, Martyr in Africa. July 4.
Jucundinus, Martyr at Troyes under Aurelian, above with Claudius. July 21.
Jucundus, Martyr in Africa, above with Epictetus. January 9.
Jucundus, Bishop of Bologna. November 14.
Jude, who is also called Thaddaeus, Apostle, Martyr in Persia, below with Simon. October 28.
Judoc, Priest, in the district of Ponthieu. December 13.
Julia, Martyr, above among the Martyrs of Zaragoza. April 16.
Julia, Virgin, Martyr in Corsica. May 22.
Julia, Martyr at Carthage, above with Catulinus. July 15.
Julia, Virgin, Martyr at Troyes. July 21.
Julia, Martyr at Nola, above with Felix. July 27.
Julia, Martyr at Lisbon under Diocletian, below with her brother Verissimus. October 1.
Julia, Virgin, Martyr at Augusta Euphratensis. October 7.
Julia, Virgin, Martyr at Merida under Maximian. December 10.
Juliana, Widow, at Bologna. February 7.
Juliana, Virgin, Martyr at Nicomedia under Maximian. February 16.
Juliana, Martyr at Amisus, above with Alexandra. March 20.
Juliana Falconieri, Virgin, Foundress of the Sisters of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Florence. June 19.
Juliana, Martyr at Augsburg, above with Hilaria. August 12.
Juliana, Virgin, Martyr at Ptolemais under Aurelian, below with her brother Paul. August 17.
Juliana, Martyr at Myra, below with Leo. August 18.
Juliana, Martyr at Tarsus under Maximian, above with Cyrenia. November 1.
Julian, Martyr. January 7.
Julian, Martyr at Beauvais, below with Lucian. January 8.
Julian, his wife Basilissa, a Virgin, Antony, Priest, Anastasius, Celsus, a boy, with his mother Marcionilla, seven brothers, many Priests and Ministers of the Church, and many others, all except Basilissa Martyrs at Antioch under Diocletian and Maximian. January 9.
Julian, Hermit, surnamed Sabas, on the borders of the region of Edessa. January 17. — Commemoration of the same Julian, likewise on the borders of the region of Edessa. October 18.
Julian, disciple of blessed Peter, first Bishop of Le Mans. January 27.
Julian, Martyr at Sora under Antoninus. January 27.
Julian, Martyr, above with Dativus. January 27.
Julian, Bishop of Cuenca. January 28.
Julian, Martyr at Carthage, below with Modestus. February 12.
Julian, Martyr at Lyon. February 13.
Julian, with five thousand others, Martyrs in Egypt. February 16.
Julian the Cappadocian, Martyr at Caesarea. February 17.
Julian, Martyr in Africa, below with Publius. February 19.
Julian, Martyr in Africa under Valerian, below with Montanus. February 24.
Julian and his servant Eunus, Martyrs at Alexandria under Decius. February 27. — The same Julian and Eunus, with Macarius, who is listed below on December 8, and thirteen others (who suffered at Alexandria and in Egypt on December 12, 14, 19, and 22, and are indicated by name), Martyrs under Decius, at Alexandria. October 30.
Julian, Bishop of Toledo. March 8.
Julian, Martyr at Anazarbus. March 16.
Julian, at Caesarea. March 23.
Julian, Martyr in Africa under the Vandals, below with Quinctianus. May 23.
Julian, Martyr at Perugia under Decius, above with Florentius. June 5.
Julian the Monk, at Edessa. June 9.
Julian, Martyr at Tivoli under Hadrian, below with his mother Symphorosa. July 18.
Julian, Martyr at Damascus, below with Sabinus. July 20.
Julian, Martyr at Rome, below with Peter. August 7.
Julian, Marcian, and eight others, Martyrs at Constantinople under Leo. August 9.
Julian, Martyr in Syria, below with Macarius. August 12.
Julian, Martyr in Syria. August 25.
Julian the soldier, Martyr at Brioude under Diocletian. August 28.
Julian, Martyr, above with Diomedes. September 2.
Julian, Martyr under Maximian, below with Theodore. September 4.
Julian, Martyr under Licinius, below with Macrobius. September 13.
Julian the Priest, Martyr at Terracina, above with Caesarius. November 1.
Julian, Bishop of Apamea in Syria. December 9.
Julitta the Virgin, Martyr at Ancyra, below with Theodotus. May 18.
Julitta, Martyr at Tarsus under Diocletian, below with her son Quiricus. June 16.
Julitta, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia. July 30.
Julius, Martyr in Africa, below with Paul. January 19.
Julius the Priest, in the province of Milan. January 31.
Julius, Pope the First, at Rome. April 12.
Julius the soldier, Martyr at Dorostorum under Alexander. May 27.
Julius and Aaron and very many others, Martyrs in Britain under Diocletian. July 1.
Julius the Senator, Martyr at Rome under Commodus. August 19.
Julius, Martyr at Nicomedia, above with Ambicus. December 3.
Julius, Potamia, Crispinus, Felix, Gratus, and seven others, Martyrs at Thagura. December 5.
Julius, Martyr at Gelduba. December 20.
Justa, Justina, and Henedina, Martyrs in Sardinia. May 14.
Justa, Martyr at Carthage, above with Catulinus. July 15.
Justa and Rufina, Virgins, Martyrs at Seville. July 19.
Justina, Martyr in Sardinia, above with Justa. May 14.
Justina, Martyr at Mainz under the Huns, above with her brother Auraeus. June 16.
Justina the Virgin, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, above with Cyprian. September 26.
Justina the Virgin, Martyr at Padua. October 7.
Justina, Virgin and Martyr. November 30.
Justin, Bishop of Chieti. January 1.
Justin the Philosopher, Martyr at Rome under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. April 13 and 14.
Justin, Martyr at Tivoli under Hadrian, below with his mother Symphorosa. July 18.
Justin, Martyr in the territory of Paris. August 1.
Justin the Priest, Martyr at Rome under Claudius. September 17.
Justin, Martyr at Trier under Diocletian, below with Maxentius. December 12.
Justus, Martyr in Africa, above with Donatus. February 25.
Justus, Martyr at Rome, below with Macarius. February 28.
Justus, Bishop of Urgell. May 28.
Justus, Martyr in Campania under Diocletian, above with Ariston. July 2.
Justus the soldier, Martyr at Rome. July 14.
Justus, Martyr at Troyes under Aurelian, above with Claudius. July 21.
Justus and Pastor, boys and brothers, Martyrs at Alcala. August 6.
Justus, formerly Bishop of Lyon and then a Solitary, in Egypt. October 14. — Translation of the same Justus and Viator, at Lyon. September 2.
Justus the boy, Martyr at Sinomovicum under Diocletian. October 18.
Justus, Martyr at Trieste under Diocletian. November 2.
Justus the Bishop, in England. November 10.
Justus and Abundius, Martyrs under Numerian. December 14.
Juvenal, Bishop of Narni. May 3.
Juvenal, Martyr. May 7.
Juventinus and Maximus, Martyrs at Antioch under Julian. January 25.
Juventius, Bishop of Pavia. February 8. — The same Juventius, together with Syrus. September 12.
Juventius, Martyr at Rome. June 1.
L
Ladislaus, King of the Hungarians, at Varad. June 27.
Lastantius, Martyr at Carthage, below among the Scillitan Martyrs. July 17.
Laetus, Martyr in Spain, below with Vincent. September 1.
Laetus the Bishop, Martyr in Africa under Hunneric, above with Donatian. September 6.
Laetus the Priest, at Orleans. November 5.
Lambert, Bishop of Lyon. April 14.
Lambert, Martyr at Saragossa. April 16.
Lambert, Bishop of Maastricht, Martyr at Liege. September 17.
Landelinus the Abbot, at Valenciennes. June 15.
Landoald, a Roman Priest, and Amantius the Deacon, at Ghent. March 19.
Largus, Martyr at Augsburg, above with Hilaria. August 12.
Largus, Martyr at Rome under Maximian, above with Cyriacus. March 16 and August 8.
Largus, Martyr at Aquileia under Numerian, above with Hilary. March 16.
Latinus, Bishop of Brescia. March 24.
The Thief, who confessed Christ on the cross, at Jerusalem. March 25.
Laurentia, Martyr at Ancona under Diocletian, below with Palatias. October 8.
Laurentinus, Ignatius, and Celerina, Martyrs in Africa. February 3.
Laurentinus the boy, Martyr at Arezzo under Decius, below with his brother Pergentinus. June 3.
Lawrence Justinian, first Patriarch of Venice. January 8. — Ordination of the same Lawrence, at Venice. September 5.
Lawrence, Bishop of Canterbury. February 2.
Lawrence the Priest and several boys, Martyrs at Novara. April 30.
Lawrence of Brindisi, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, at Lisbon. July 22.
Lawrence the Archdeacon, Martyr at Rome under Valerian. August 10.
Lawrence, Martyr in Africa, below with Martial. September 28.
Lawrence, Bishop of Dublin, at Eu. November 14.
Laurian, Bishop of Seville, Martyr in the territory of Bourges. July 4.
Laurus the stonecutter, Martyr in Illyricum, above with Florus. August 18.
Lauto, Bishop of Coutances in Gaul. September 22.
Lazarus, Bishop of Milan. February 11.
Lazarus the Monk, Confessor at Constantinople under Theophilus. February 23.
Lazarus, Martyr in Persia under Shapur, below with Zanitas. March 27.
Lazarus, friend and disciple of Christ, Bishop of Marseilles. December 17.
Lea the Widow, at Rome. March 22.
Leander, Bishop of Seville. February 27.
Leo, Bishop of Catania. February 20.
Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others, Martyrs. March 1.
Leo the Bishop, Martyr at Rome. March 14.
Leo, Pope the Ninth, at Rome. April 19.
Leo, Bishop of Sens. April 22.
Leo, in the territory of Troyes. May 25.
Leo, Pope the Third, at Rome. June 12.
Leo, Subdeacon and Martyr, above with Caius. June 30.
Leo, Pope the Second, at Rome. July 3.
Leo, Pope the Fourth, at Rome. July 17.
Leo and Juliana, Martyrs at Myra. August 18.
Leo, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, Martyr at Ceuta, above with Daniel. October 10.
Leo the First, surnamed the Great, Pope and Doctor of the Church, at Rome. November 10 and April 11.
Leo, in the town of Melun. November 10.
Leobard the recluse, at Tours. January 18.
Leobin, Bishop of Chartres. September 15.
Leocadia the Virgin, Martyr at Toledo under Diocletian. December 9.
Leocritia the Virgin, Martyr at Cordoba. March 15.
Leodegar, Bishop of Autun, Martyr in the territory of Arras. October 2.
Leomenes, Martyr in Crete under Decius, below with Theodulus. December 23.
Leonard the Solitary, of Limoges. November 6.
Leonard of Port Maurice, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, at Rome. November 26.
Leonides and Companions, Martyrs in the Thebaid under Diocletian. January 28.
Leonides, Martyr at Alexandria under Severus. April 22.
Leonides the Martyr, above with Eleutherius. August 8.
Leonides the Martyr, above with Diomedes. September 2.
Leonilla, Martyr at Langres under Marcus Aurelius, below with her grandson Speusippus. January 17.
Leonis the Virgin, Martyr at Sibapolis, below with her sister Lybe. June 15.
Leontia, among the Confessors in Africa under Hunneric, above with Dionysia. December 6.
Leontius, Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia. January 13.
Leontius the Bishop, above with Apollonius. March 19.
Leontius, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, above with Eusebius. April 24.
Leontius the soldier, Hypatius the Tribune, and Theodulus, Martyrs at Tripoli. June 18.
Leontius, Mauritius, Daniel, and Companions, Martyrs at Nicopolis under Licinius. July 10.
Leontius, Attius, Alexander, and six others, farmers, Martyrs at Perga under Diocletian. August 1.
Leontius, Martyr at Alexandria under Maximinus, above with Hieronides. September 12.
Leontius, Martyr at Aegae under Diocletian, above with his brother Cosmas. September 27.
Leopardus, Martyr at Rome under Julian. September 30.
Leopold, Margrave of Austria, at Klosterneuburg. November 15.
Leovigild and Christopher, Monks, Martyrs at Cordoba. August 20.
Leucius, Martyr at Alexandria, below with Peter. January 11.
Leucius, Bishop of Brindisi. January 11.
Leucius, Thyrsus, and Callinicus, Martyrs at Apollonia under Decius. January 28.
Leutfrid the Abbot, in the district of Evreux. June 21.
Liberata the Virgin, at Novara. January 18.
Liberatus the Abbot, Boniface the Deacon, Servus and Rusticus the Subdeacons, Rogatus and Septimus the Monks, and Maximus the boy, Martyrs at Carthage under Hunneric. August 17.
Liberatus and Bajulus, Martyrs at Rome. December 20.
Liberius, Bishop of Ravenna. December 30.
Liborius, Bishop of Le Mans. June 23.
Licerius, Bishop of Lescars. August 27.
Licinius, Martyr at Como, above with Carpophorus. August 7.
Licinius, Bishop of Angers. November 1.
Ligorius, Hermit and Martyr. September 13.
Liliosa, Martyr at Cordoba, above with George. July 27.
Linus the Pope, Martyr at Rome. September 23.
Lioba the Virgin, at Schornsheim. September 28.
Liphard the Priest, in the territory of Orleans. June 3.
Litteus the Bishop, Martyr in Africa under Valerian and Gallienus, below with Nemesian. September 10.
Livinus the Bishop, Martyr at Esse. November 12.
Longinus the soldier, who is said to have pierced the side of the Lord with a lance, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia. March 15.
Longinus, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, above with Eusebius. April 24.
Longinus the Bishop, Martyr under Hunneric, below with Vindemialis. May 2.
Longinus the soldier, Martyr at Satala under Maximian, below with his brother Orentius. June 24.
Longinus the soldier, Martyr at Marseilles, below with Victor. July 21.
Lorgius, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia, below with Lucius. March 2.
Lucan, Martyr at Paris. October 30.
Luke the Deacon, Martyr in Persia, below with Parmenius. April 22.
Luke the Martyr, above with Apellius. September 10.
Luke the Evangelist, Confessor in Bithynia. October 18. — Translation of the same Luke, at Constantinople, above with the Translation of Andrew. May 9.
Lucy Filippini, Virgin, Foundress of the Institute of the Pious Teachers, at Montefiascone. March 25.
Lucy the Virgin, with twenty-two others, Martyrs at Rome. June 24.
Lucy of Campania, Antoninus, Severinus, Diodorus, Dion, and seventeen others, Martyrs. July 6.
Lucy the matron and Geminianus, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian. September 16.
Lucy the Virgin, Martyr at Syracuse under Diocletian. December 13.
Lucian, Priest of Antioch, Martyr at Nicomedia under Maximian Galerius. January 7.
Lucian the Priest, Maximian, and Julian, Martyrs at Beauvais. January 8.
Lucian, Martyr in Sardinia, above with Aemilius. May 28.
Lucian, Martyr in Africa, above with Fortunatus. June 13.
Lucian the Italian, Martyr at Durazzo under Trajan, below with Peregrinus. July 7.
Lucian, Florius, and Companions, Martyrs at Nicomedia. October 26.
Lucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus, and Drusus, Martyrs at Tripoli. December 24.
Lucidius, Bishop of Verona. April 26.
Lucilla and Flora the Virgins, Eugenius, Antoninus, Theodore, and eighteen others, Martyrs at Rome under Gallienus. July 29.
Lucilla the Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with her father Nemesius. August 25. — Translation of the same Lucilla, at Rome, below with the Translation of her father Nemesius. October 31. — Finding of the same Lucilla, at Rome, below with the Finding of her father Nemesius. December 8.
Lucillian, and four boys, namely Claudius, Hypatius, Paul, and Dionysius, Martyrs at Constantinople. June 3.
Lucina, disciple of the Apostles, at Rome. June 30.
Luciolus the Martyr, above with Felix. March 3.
Lucius, Martyr at Rome, below with Paul. February 8.
Lucius the Bishop and Companions, Martyrs at Adrianople in Thrace, under Constantius. February 11.
Lucius, Martyr at Terni, below with Saturninus. February 15.
Lucius, Silvanus, Rutulus, Classicus, Secundinus, Fructulus, and Maximus, Martyrs in Africa. February 18.
Lucius, Martyr in Africa under Valerian, below with Montanus. February 24.
Lucius the Bishop, Absalon, and Lorgius, Martyrs at Caesarea in Cappadocia. March 2.
Lucius, Pope the First, Martyr at Rome under Valerian. March 4.
Lucius, one of Christ's first disciples, at Smyrna, above with Apelles. April 22.
Lucius, named in the Acts of the Apostles, Bishop of Cyrene. May 6.
Lucius, Martyr in Africa under the Vandals, below with Quinctian. May 23.
Lucius the Senator and others, Martyrs in Cyprus. August 20.
Lucius the Bishop, Martyr in Africa under Valerian and Gallienus, below with Nemesian. September 10.
Lucius, Martyr at Alexandria under Valerian, above with Caius. October 4.
Lucius, Martyr at Rome under Marcus Antoninus, below with Ptolemy. October 19.
Lucius, Martyr at Rome, below with Theodosius. October 25.
Lucius, Martyr in Lucania, above with Hyacinth. October 29.
Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and Candida, Martyrs at Rome. December 1.
Lucius, King of the Britons, at Chur. December 3.
Lucius, Martyr in Africa, above with Faustinus. December 15.
Lucretia the Virgin, Martyr at Merida under Diocletian. November 23.
Ludger, Bishop of Munster. March 26.
Ludovica Albertoni, a Roman, Widow of the Third Order of Saint Francis, at Rome. January 31.
Louise de Marillac, Widow Le Gras, Co-Foundress with Saint Vincent de Paul of the Society of the Daughters of Charity, at Paris. March 15.
Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, Confessor, Founder of the Missionary Society of Mary and the Daughters of Wisdom, at Saint-Laurent-sur-Sevre, diocese of Lucon. April 28.
Louis, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Amator. April 30.
Louis, of the Order of Friars Minor, Bishop of Toulouse, at the castle of Brignoles. August 19.
Louis the Ninth, King of the French, at Carthage. August 25.
Louis Bertrand, of the Order of Preachers, at Valencia. October 9.
Lull, Bishop of Mainz. October 16.
Lupercus the Martyr, above among the Martyrs of Saragossa. April 16.
Lupercus, Martyr at Leon under Diocletian and Maximian, above with his brother Claudius. October 30.
Luperius, Bishop of Verona. November 15.
Lupicinus and Felix, Bishops, at Lyon. February 3.
Lupicinus the Abbot, in the territory of Lyon. March 21.
Lupicinus, Bishop of Verona. May 31.
Luppus the slave, Martyr. August 23.
Lupus, Bishop of Troyes. July 29.
Lupus, Bishop of Sens. September 1.
Lupus, Bishop of Lyon, formerly an Anchorite. September 25.
Lupus, Martyr, below with Saturninus. October 14.
Lupus, Bishop of Verona. December 2.
Lutgard the Virgin, in the monastery of Aywieres. June 16.
Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, Martyrs in Sardinia under Diocletian. August 21.
Lybe and Leonis, sisters, and Eutropia, a twelve-year-old girl, Virgins, Martyrs at Sibapolis. June 15.
Lybosus, Martyr in Africa, above with Dominic. December 20.
Lycarion, Martyr at Hermopolis. June 7.
Lydia, Martyr in Illyricum, below with her husband Philetus. March 27.
Lydia the seller of purple, disciple of blessed Paul, at Philippi. August 3.
M
Macaria, Martyr in Africa, above with Januarius. April 8.
Macarius of Alexandria, Priest and Abbot, in the Thebaid. January 2.
Macarius the Abbot, in Egypt. January 15.
Macarius, Rufinus, Justus, and Theophilus, Martyrs at Rome. February 28.
Macarius, Bishop of Jerusalem. March 10.
Macarius, Confessor at Constantinople under Leo. April 1.
Macarius, Bishop of Antioch, at Ghent. April 10.
Macarius, Bishop of Petra in Palestine, Confessor in Africa under the Arians. June 20.
Macarius and Julian, Martyrs in Syria. August 12.
Macarius the soldier, Martyr at Melitene under Diocletian, above with Eudoxius. September 5.
Macarius, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius, above with Faustus. September 6.
Macarius, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius. December 8. — The same Macarius, above with Julian. October 30.
Macarius the Priest, Martyr in Arabia under Julian, above with Eugenius. December 20.
Macedo, Martyr in Illyricum, below with his father Philetus. March 27.
Macedonius, his wife Patricia, and his daughter Modesta, Martyrs at Nicomedia. March 13.
Macedonius, Theodulus, and Tatian, Martyrs at Merus under Julian. September 12.
Machutus the Englishman, Bishop of Aleth, at the Saintonge town of Arques. November 15.
Macra the Virgin, Martyr in the territory of Rheims under Diocletian. January 6.
Macrina, at Neocaesarea. January 14.
Macrina the Virgin, in Cappadocia. July 19.
Macrinus, Martyr at Noyon, below with Valerian. September 17.
Macrobius, Martyr at Damascus, below with Sabinus. July 20.
Macrobius and Julian, Martyrs under Licinius. September 13.
Madeleine-Sophie Barat the Virgin, Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, at Paris. May 25.
Magina, Martyr in Africa, above with Claudius. December 3.
Maginus, Martyr at Tarragona. August 25.
Maglorius, formerly Bishop of the Britons dwelling in Armorica, on the island of Sark. October 24.
Magnericus, Bishop of Trier. July 25.
Magnus, Martyr. January 1.
Magnus, Martyr at Fossombrone, above with Aquilinus. February 4.
Magnus, Martyr at Terni, below with Saturninus. February 15.
Magnus the Subdeacon, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with Sixtus. August 6.
Magnus, Bishop of Anagni, Martyr under Decius. August 19.
Magnus, Castus, and Maximus, Martyrs. September 4.
Magnus, Bishop of Oderzo. October 6.
Magnus, Bishop of Milan. November 5.
Maiolus, Abbot of Cluny, at Souvigny. May 11.
Majoricus, Martyr in Africa under Hunneric. December 6.
Malachi the Prophet, in Judea. January 14.
Malachy, Bishop of Connor in Ireland, at the monastery of Clairvaux. November 3.
Malchus, Martyr at Caesarea under Valerian, below with Priscus. March 28.
Malchus, at Ephesus, above among the Seven Sleepers. July 27.
Malchus the Monk, at Maronia. October 21.
Mamas, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia, under Aurelian. August 17.
Mamelta, Martyr in Persia. October 17.
Mamertus, Bishop of Vienne. May 11.
Mamilian, Martyr at Rome. March 12.
Mamillus, Martyr in Africa, above with Cyril. March 8.
Manaen, Doctor and Prophet, at Antioch. May 24.
Mancius, Martyr at Evora. May 15.
Mandal, Martyr at Rome under Aurelian, above with Basilides. June 10.
Manettus, one of the seven Founders of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Monte Senario. August 20. — Feast of the same Manettus and Companions. February 12.
Mannea, Martyr at Tomi, below with her husband Marcellinus. August 27.
Mansuetus, Bishop of Milan. February 19.
Mansuetus, Bishop of Toul. September 3.
Mansuetus the Bishop, Martyr in Africa under Hunneric, above with Donatian. September 6.
Mansuetus the Bishop, Martyr in Africa under Genseric, below with Papinian. November 28.
Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and Companions, Martyrs at Alexandria. December 30.
Manuel, Sabel, and Ismael, Martyrs at Chalcedon under Julian. June 17.
Mappalicus and many others, Martyrs in Africa. April 17.
Maprilis, Martyr at Portus Romanus, below with Martial. August 22.
Marana and Cyra, at Beroea. August 3.
Marcella the Widow, at Rome. January 31.
Marcella, Martyr at Alexandria under Severus, below with Plutarch. June 28.
Marcellian, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, below with his brother Mark. June 18. — Finding of the same Marcellian, at Rome, above with Felix. July 29.
Marcellian, Martyr in Tuscany under Decius, below with Secundian. August 9.
Marcellina the Virgin, at Milan. July 17.
Marcellinus the boy, Martyr at Tomi under Licinius, above with his brother Argeus. January 2.
Marcellinus, Bishop of Ancona. January 9.
Marcellinus, Martyr at Carthage. April 6.
Marcellinus, first Bishop of Embrun, together with Vincent and Domninus, having come from Africa, at Embrun. April 20.
Marcellinus the Priest and Peter the Exorcist, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian. June 2.
Marcellinus, Martyr at Perugia under Decius, above with Florentius. June 5.
Marcellinus the Priest, at Deventer. July 14.
Marcellinus the Tribune, his wife Mannea, and their sons John, Serapion, and Peter, Martyrs at Tomi. August 27.
Marcellinus, Bishop of Ravenna. October 5.
Marcellinus the Pope, Claudius, Cyrinus, Antoninus, with seventeen thousand other Christians, Martyrs at Rome under Maximian. October 25. — Feast of the same Marcellinus. April 26.
Marcellus, Pope the First, Martyr at Rome under Maxentius. January 16.
Marcellus, Martyr in Africa, below with Publius. February 19.
Marcellus, Bishop of Die. April 9.
Marcellus and Anastasius the soldier, Martyrs at the fortress of Argentomachum. June 29.
Marcellus, Bishop of Apamea in Syria and Martyr. August 14.
Marcellus, Bishop of Trier and Martyr. September 4.
Marcellus, Martyr at Chalon-sur-Saone under Antoninus. September 4.
Marcellus, Castus, Aemilius, and Saturninus, Martyrs at Capua. October 6.
Marcellus and Apuleius, disciples of the Apostles, Martyrs at Rome. October 7.
Marcellus the Centurion, Martyr at Tangier. October 30.
Marcellus, Bishop of Paris. November 1.
Marcellus, Martyr under Julian, above with Elpidius. November 16.
Marcellus the Priest, Martyr at Nicomedia under Constantius. November 26.
Marcellus the Deacon, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, above with Eusebius. December 2.
Marcellus the Abbot, at Constantinople. December 29.
Marcellus the Deacon, Martyr at Spoleto under Maximian, below with Sabinus. December 30.
Marcia the Martyr, above with Felix. March 3.
Marcia, Martyr at Caesarea, below with Zenais. June 5.
Marcia, Martyr in Campania under Diocletian, above with Ariston. July 2.
Marciana the Virgin, Martyr in Mauretania Caesariensis. January 9.
Marciana the Martyr, below with Susanna. May 24.
Marciana the Virgin, Martyr at Toledo. July 12.
Marcian, Martyr in Africa, above with Aquilinus. January 4.
Marcian the Priest, at Constantinople. January 10.
Marcian, Bishop of Tortona, Martyr under Trajan. March 6.
Marcian, Martyr at Rome, below with Peter. March 26.
Marcian, Martyr in Africa, above with Fortunatus. April 17.
Marcian the Priest, at Auxerre. April 20.
Marcian, Bishop of Ravenna. May 22.
Marcian, Nicanor, Apollonius, and others, Martyrs in Egypt under Galerius Maximian. June 5.
Marcian, disciple of blessed Peter, Bishop of Syracuse and Martyr. June 14.
Marcian, Martyr at Venafrum under Maximian, below with Nicander. June 17.
Marcian, Martyr at Iconium. July 11.
Marcian, Martyr at Constantinople under Leo, above with Julian. August 9.
Marcian, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, above with Abundius. September 16.
Marcian, Martyr in Egypt, below with his brother Mark. October 4.
Marcian the Cantor, Martyr at Constantinople under Constantius, below with Martyrius. October 25.
Marcian, at Cyrrhus. November 2.
Marcionilla, Martyr at Antioch under Diocletian and Maximian, above with Julian. January 9.
Mark the Evangelist, disciple and interpreter of blessed Peter and first Bishop of Alexandria, Martyr under Nero. April 25. — Translation of the same Mark, at Venice. January 31.
Mark and Marcellian, brothers, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian. June 18.
Mark the Pope, at Rome. October 7.
Mark, Bishop of Jerusalem, Martyr under Antoninus. October 22.
Mardonius, Musonius, Eugenius, and Metellus, Martyrs at Neocaesarea. January 24.
Margaret the Virgin, Martyr at Antioch. July 20.
Margaret Mary Alacoque, Virgin of the Order of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Paray-le-Monial. October 17.
Margaret the Widow, Queen of Scots. November 16 and June 10.
Of the BLESSED VIRGIN MARY, Mother of God: — Immaculate Conception. December 8. — Nativity. September 8. — Presentation in the Temple. November 21. — Annunciation. March 25. — Visitation to Elizabeth. July 2. — Purification. February 2. — Assumption into heaven. August 15. — Feast of the Queen. May 31. — Apparition, at Lourdes. February 11. — Feast of the Most Holy Rosary. October 7. — Feast of the Maternity. October 11.
Mary Magdalene, disciple of Christ, at Marseilles. July 22.
Maria Goretti, Virgin, Martyr at Nettuno. July 6.
Mary Salome, disciple of Christ and mother of the holy Apostles James and John, at Jerusalem. October 22.
Marian the Lector, James the Deacon, and many others, Martyrs at Lambesa under Decius. April 30.
Marina the Virgin, Martyr at Alexandria. June 18.
Marinus the soldier and Asterius the Senator, Martyrs at Caesarea under Valerian. March 3.
Marius, his wife Martha, and their sons Audifax and Abachum, Martyrs at Rome under Claudius. January 19.
Martha the Virgin, disciple and hostess of Christ, at Tarascon. July 29.
Martial, Bishop of Limoges, at Limoges. June 30.
Martina the Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Alexander. January 1 and 30.
Martinian, disciple of the blessed Peter and Paul, Martyr at Rome under Nero, below with Processus. July 2.
Martin, Pope the First, Martyr in the Chersonese under Constans. September 16 and November 12.
Martin, Bishop of Tours. November 11. — Translation of the same Martin, at Tours. July 4.
Martyrius the Subdeacon and Marcian the Cantor, Martyrs at Constantinople under Constantius. October 25.
Maternus, disciple of blessed Peter, Bishop of Trier. September 14.
Matilda the Queen, at Halberstadt. March 14.
Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist, Martyr in Ethiopia. September 21.
Matthias the Apostle, Martyr in Judea. February 24.
Maurice, Exsuperius, Candidus, Victor, Innocentius, Vitalis, and Companions, soldiers of the Theban Legion, Martyrs at Sion under Maximian. September 22.
Maurus the Abbot, in the territory of Angers. January 15.
Mavilus, Martyr at Hadrumetum under Severus. January 4.
Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justin, and Companions, Martyrs at Trier under Diocletian. December 12.
Maxima, Domitilla, and the twelve-year-old girl Secunda, Virgins, Martyrs at Thuburbo Lucernaria under Valerian and Gallienus. July 30.
Maximian, Bishop of Ravenna. February 22.
Maximinus, Bishop of Trier. May 29.
Maximinus, disciple of Christ, first Bishop of Aix. June 8.
Maximus, Bishop of Nola. January 15.
Maximus, Martyr at Rome under Alexander, below with Tiburtius. April 14.
Maximus, Bishop of Jerusalem, Confessor under Maximian Galerius. May 5.
Maximus, Bishop of Turin. June 25.
Maximus the Abbot, and from among his disciples Anastasius and another Anastasius, and many others, Confessors at Constantinople under Constans. August 13.
Maximus, Bishop of Riez in Gaul, formerly Abbot of the monastery of Lerins. November 27.
Maximus, Bishop of Alexandria and Confessor. December 27.
Medard, Bishop of Noyon, at Soissons. June 8.
Melania the Younger and her husband Pinian, Romans, who afterward professed the monastic life, at Jerusalem. December 31.
Miltiades, Pope and Martyr, Confessor at Rome under Maximian. January 10 and December 10.
Meletius, Bishop of Antioch, Confessor at Constantinople. February 12.
Menas the Egyptian soldier, Martyr at Cotyaeum under Diocletian. November 11.
Menas, Hermogenes, and Eugraphus, Martyrs at Alexandria under Galerius Maximian. December 10.
Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora, sisters and Virgins, Martyrs in Bithynia under Maximian. September 10.
Mercurius the soldier, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia, under Decius. November 25.
Methodius, Bishop of Moravia, at Velehrad. April 6. — Feast of the same Methodius and his brother Cyril. July 7.
Methodius, first Bishop of Olympus and then of Tyre, Martyr in Chalcis under Diocletian. September 18.
Micah the Prophet, in Judea, above with Habakkuk. January 15.
Apparition of the Archangel Michael, on Mount Gargano. May 8. — Dedication of the Church of the same Michael, likewise on Mount Gargano. September 29.
Migdonius, Mardonius, and a certain Deacon, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Diocletian. December 23.
Monica the Widow, at Ostia on the Tiber. May 4. — Translation of the same Monica, at Rome. April 9.
Montanus, Lucius, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and Companions, Martyrs in Africa under Valerian. February 24.
Moses, lawgiver and Prophet, on Mount Nebo. September 4.
Mucius the Priest, Martyr at Constantinople under Diocletian. May 13.
Myron the Priest, Martyr at Cyzicus under Decius, in Achaia. August 17.
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Nabor the soldier, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian and Maximian, above with Basilides. June 12.
Nabor and Felix, Martyrs at Lodi under Maximian. July 12.
Nahum the Prophet, at Begabar. December 1.
Narcissus, Bishop of Jerusalem. October 29.
Narcissus, disciple of the Apostles, Martyr at Rome, above with Ampliatus. October 31.
Nazarius and the boy Celsus, Martyrs at Milan under Nero. July 28. — Finding and Translation of the same Nazarius and Celsus, at Milan. May 10.
Nemesian, Felix, Lucius, another Felix, Litteus, Polyanus, Victor, Jader, and Dativus, Bishops, and others, Martyrs in Africa under Valerian and Gallienus. September 10.
Nemesius the Deacon and his daughter Lucilla the Virgin, Martyrs at Rome under Valerian. August 25.
Nereus and Achilleus, brothers and eunuchs, from among the disciples of blessed Peter, Martyrs at Rome. May 12.
Nicasius, Bishop of Rheims, together with his sister Eutropia the Virgin and Companions, Martyrs at Rheims. December 14.
Nicephorus, Martyr at Antioch under Valerian. February 9.
Nicephorus, Bishop of Constantinople, Confessor on the island of Proconnesus under Leo the Armenian. June 2. — Translation of the same Nicephorus, at Constantinople. March 13.
Nicetas the Goth, Martyr under Athanaric. September 15.
Nicetius, Bishop of Lyon. April 2.
Nicholas of Flue, Anchorite, at Ranft, near Sachseln, in Switzerland. March 21.
Nicholas, Bishop of Myra. December 6. — Translation of the same Nicholas, at Bari. May 9.
Nicholas, Pope the First, at Rome. November 13.
Nicholas, of the Order of the Hermits of Saint Augustine, at Tolentino. September 10.
Nicomedes the Priest, Martyr at Rome. September 15.
Nilus the Abbot, in the monastery of Grottaferrata. September 26.
Norbert, Bishop of Magdeburg, Founder of the Premonstratensian Order. June 6.
Nunilo and Alodia, sisters, Virgins, Martyrs at Huesca. October 22.
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Obdulia the Virgin, at Toledo. September 5.
Odilo, Abbot of Cluny, at Souvigny. January 1.
Odo, Abbot of Cluny, at Tours. November 18.
Olaf, King of the Norwegians and Martyr. July 29.
Onesimus, disciple of blessed Paul, Bishop of Ephesus, Martyr at Rome. February 16.
Onuphrius the Anchorite, in Egypt. June 12.
Optatus, Bishop of Milevis. June 4.
Hosea and Haggai the Prophets. July 4.
Oswald, King of the English. August 5.
Othilia the Virgin, in the territory of Strasbourg. December 13.
Otto, Bishop of Bamberg. July 2.
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Pachomius the Abbot, in Egypt. May 9.
Pancras, a boy of fourteen years, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. May 12.
Pantaleon the physician, Martyr at Nicomedia under Maximian. July 27.
Paphnutius the Bishop, Confessor in Egypt under Galerius Maximian. September 11.
Paschal, Pope the First, at Rome. February 11.
Patrick the Bishop, at the city of Down, in Ireland. March 17.
Paula, a Roman Widow, at Bethlehem. January 26.
Paulinus, Bishop of Nola. June 22.
Paulinus, disciple of blessed Peter, first Bishop of Lucca, and Companions, Martyrs under Nero. July 12.
Paul, the first Hermit, in the Thebaid. January 10 and 15.
Paul the Apostle, Martyr at Rome under Nero, below with Peter. June 29. — Conversion of the same Paul. January 25. — Commemoration of the same Paul. June 30.
Paul of the Cross the Priest, Founder of the Congregation called of the Cross and Passion of the Lord, at Rome. October 18 and April 28.
Paul, Bishop of Constantinople, Martyr at Cucusus under Constantius. June 7.
Pelagia the penitent, at Jerusalem. October 8.
Perpetua, Felicity, Satyrus, Saturninus, Revocatus, and Secundulus, Martyrs at Carthage under Severus. March 7.
Petronilla the Virgin, daughter of the blessed Apostle Peter, at Rome. May 31.
Peter and Paul the Apostles, Martyrs at Rome under Nero. June 29. — Dedication of the Basilicas of the same Peter and Paul, at Rome. November 18. — Chair of the same Peter, at Rome. January 18. — Chair of the same Peter, at Antioch. February 22. — Dedication of Saint Peter in Chains, at Rome. August 1.
Peter Damian, of the Camaldolese Order, Cardinal and Bishop of Ostia and Doctor of the Church, at Faenza. February 22 and 23.
Peter, of the Order of Preachers, Martyr at Milan under the heretics. April 6 and 29.
Peter de Morrone, who became Pope Celestine the Fifth. May 19.
Peter the Exorcist, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, above with Marcellinus. June 2.
Peter Claver, Priest of the Society of Jesus, at Cartagena. September 8.
Peter of Alcantara, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, at Arenas. October 18 and 19.
Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, Martyr under Galerius Maximian. November 26.
Peter Chrysologus, Bishop of Ravenna and Doctor of the Church, at Imola. December 2 and 4.
Peter Canisius, Priest of the Society of Jesus and Doctor of the Church, at Fribourg in Switzerland. December 21 and April 27.
Peter Nolasco, Founder of the Order of Our Lady of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives, at Barcelona. December 25 and January 28.
Philip and James, the brother of the Lord and first Bishop of Jerusalem, Apostles, Martyrs. May 11.
Philip Neri the Priest, Founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, at Rome. May 26.
Philip, one of the first seven Deacons, and his four daughters, at Caesarea and Ephesus. June 6.
Philip Benizi, a citizen of Florence, propagator of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Todi. August 22 and 23.
Phoebe, disciple of the Apostles, at Corinth. September 3.
Photina the Samaritan woman, her sons Joseph and Victor, Sebastian the commander, Anatolius, Photius and Photis, and the sisters Parasceve and Cyriaca, Martyrs. March 20.
Pionius the Priest and fifteen others, Martyrs at Smyrna. February 1.
Pius, Pope the Fifth, of the Order of Preachers, at Rome. May 1 and 5.
Pius, Pope the First, Martyr at Rome under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. July 11.
Pius, Pope the Tenth, at Rome. August 20 and September 3.
Placid the Monk, his brothers Eutychius and Victorinus, and his sister Flavia the Virgin, together with Donatus, Firmatus the Deacon, Faustus, and thirty others, Monks, Martyrs at Messina. October 5.
Polycarp, disciple of the blessed John the Evangelist, Bishop of Smyrna, Martyr at Smyrna under Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. February 23. — Feast of the same Polycarp. January 26.
Pontian the Pope and Hippolytus the Priest, Martyrs in Sardinia under Alexander. October 30. — Feast of the same Pontian. November 19.
Pothinus, Bishop of Lyon, together with Sanctus the Deacon, Vettius Epagathus, Maturus, Ponticus, Biblis, Attalus, Alexander, Blandina, and many others, Martyrs at Lyon under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus. June 2.
Primus and Felician, brothers, Martyrs at Nomentum under Diocletian and Maximian. June 9.
Prisca the Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Claudius. January 18.
Priscilla, disciple of the Apostles, in Asia Minor, above with her husband Aquila. July 8.
Processus and Martinian, from among the disciples of the blessed Peter and Paul, Martyrs at Rome under Nero. July 2.
Procopius, Martyr at Caesarea under Diocletian. July 8.
Prosdocimus, disciple of blessed Peter, first Bishop of Padua. November 7.
Prosper of Aquitaine, Bishop of Reggio. June 25.
Protase, Martyr at Milan, above with his brother Gervase. June 19.
Protus and Hyacinth, brothers and eunuchs, Martyrs at Rome under Gallienus. September 11.
Prudentius, Bishop of Tarazona. April 28.
Ptolemy the Bishop, disciple of blessed Peter, Martyr at Nepi. August 24.
Pudens the Senator, disciple of the Apostles, at Rome. May 19.
Pudentiana the Virgin, at Rome. May 19.
Pulcheria Augusta, Virgin, at Constantinople. September 10.
Pusicius, Martyr in Persia under Shapur, below with Simeon. April 21.
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Quinctilian, Martyr at Dorostorum under Diocletian, above with Maximus. April 13.
Quinctilian the Martyr, above among the Martyrs of Saragossa. April 16.
Quinctilis, Bishop of Nicomedia and Martyr. March 8.
Quinctilla, Martyr at Sorrento, below with Quinctus. March 19.
Quintin, a Roman citizen and man of senatorial rank, Martyr at Saint-Quentin under Maximian. October 31.
Quinctius, Arcontius, and Donatus, Martyrs at Capua. September 5.
Quinctus, Martyr in Africa, above with Aquilinus. January 4.
Quinctus, Quinctilla, Quartilla, Mark, and nine others, Martyrs at Sorrento. March 19.
Quinctus, Martyr at Rome, above with Quartus. May 10.
Quinctus, Martyr in Lucania, above with Hyacinth. October 29.
Quinctus, Simplicius, and others, Martyrs in Africa under Decius and Valerian. December 18.
Quinidius, Bishop of Vaison. February 15.
Quiriacus, Martyr at Augsburg, above with Hilaria. August 12.
Quiriacus, Bishop of Ostia, together with Maximus the Priest, Archelaus the Deacon, and Companions, Martyrs at Ostia on the Tiber under Alexander. August 23.
Quiriacus the Anchorite, in Palestine. September 29.
Quiricus, a three-year-old boy, and his mother Julitta, Martyrs at Tarsus under Diocletian. June 16.
Quirinus, Martyr at Rome under Claudius. March 25.
Quirinus the Tribune, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian. March 30.
Quirinus, Bishop of Siscia and Martyr. June 4.
Quirinus, Martyr at Tibur. June 4.
Quirinus the Priest, Martyr in the district of Vexin, above with Nicasius. October 11.
Quiteria the Virgin, Martyr in Spain. May 22.
Quodvultdeus, Bishop of Carthage, at Naples, Confessor with the Clergy under Genseric. February 19.
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Radegund the Queen, at Poitiers. August 13.
Raineldis the Virgin and Companions, Martyrs at Saintes. July 16.
Rainerius, at Pisa. June 17.
Rainerius, Bishop of Aquila. December 30.
Ranulphus, Martyr in the district of Arras. May 27.
Raphael the Archangel. October 24.
Rasyphus, Martyr at Rome. July 23.
Raymond, of the Order of Preachers, at Barcelona. January 6 and 23.
Raymond Nonnatus the Cardinal, of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives, at Cardona. August 26 and 31.
Reatrus, Martyr in Africa under the Vandals, above with Datius. January 27.
Redempta the Virgin, at Rome, below with Romula. July 23.
Redemptus, Bishop of Ferentino in the Hernician territory. April 8.
Regina the Virgin, Martyr at old Alesia. September 7.
Regulus, Bishop of Arles, at the fortress of Senlis. March 30.
Regulus, having set out from Africa, Martyr at Populonia under Totila. September 1.
Rembert, Bishop of Hamburg and Bremen, at Bremen. June 11. — Commemoration of the same Rembert, at Bremen. February 4.
Remedius, Bishop of Gap, below with Tigides. February 3.
Remigius, Bishop of Rheims. January 13. — Translation of the same Remigius, at Rheims. October 1.
Rene Goupil, Coadjutor of the Society of Jesus, above with Isaac Jogues, Martyr at Auriesville. October 18.
Reparata the Virgin, Martyr at Caesarea under Decius. October 8.
Repositus, one of the Twelve Brothers, Martyr at Velinianum under Maximian, below with Vitalis. August 20. — Feast of the same Repositus and the remaining Brothers, above with Donatus, at Sentiana. September 1.
Respicius the Martyr, below with Tryphon. November 10.
Restituta the Virgin, Martyr in Africa under Valerian. May 17.
Restituta the Virgin, with others, Martyrs at Sora under Aurelian. May 27.
Restitutus, Martyr at Rome. May 29.
Restitutus, Martyr in Spain, above with Crispulus. June 10.
Restitutus, Donatus, Valerian, Fructuosa, and twelve others, Martyrs at Antioch. August 23.
Restitutus, Bishop of Carthage and Martyr. December 9.
Reverianus the Bishop, Paul the Priest, and ten others, Martyrs at Autun under Aurelian. June 1.
Revocata the Martyr, below with Saturninus. February 6.
Revocatus, Martyr at Smyrna, below with Vitalis. January 9.
Revocatus, Martyr at Carthage under Severus, above with Perpetua. March 7.
Rhais the catechumen, Martyr at Alexandria under Severus, above with Plutarch. June 28.
Rhodopianus, Martyr at Aphrodisias under Diocletian, above with Diodorus. May 3.
Richard, King of the English, at Lucca. February 7.
Richard, Bishop of Chichester in England. April 3.
Richard, first Bishop of Andria. June 9.
Richarius the Priest, at the monastery of Centula. April 26.
Rigobert, Bishop of Rheims. January 4.
Rhipsime and Companion Virgins, Martyrs in Armenia under Tiridates. September 29.
Rita the Widow, a Nun of the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine, at Cascia. May 22.
Rixius Varus the Martyr, above with Lucy. July 6.
Robert, first Founder and Abbot of the Monastery of La Chaise-Dieu. April 17.
Robert, first Abbot of Citeaux, at the monastery of Molesme. April 9.
Robert Bellarmine, of the Society of Jesus, Cardinal, formerly Bishop of Capua and Doctor of the Church, at Rome. May 13 and September 17.
Robert, Abbot of the Cistercian Order, in England. June 7.
Robustian, Martyr at Milan. May 24.
Robustian and Marcus, Martyrs. August 31.
Roch, at Montpellier. August 16.
Rogatian, Martyr at Nantes under Diocletian, above with his brother Donatian. May 24.
Rogatian the Priest and Felicissimus, Martyrs in Africa under Valerian and Gallienus. October 26.
Rogatian, Martyr in Africa, above with Castor. December 28.
Rogatus, Martyr in Africa, below with Zoticus. January 12.
Rogatus, and another Rogatus likewise, Martyrs in Africa, above with Cyril. March 8.
Rogatus, Successus, and sixteen others, Martyrs in Africa. March 28.
Rogatus, Martyr in Africa, above with Aresius. June 10.
Rogatus the Monk, Martyr at Carthage under Huneric, above with Liberatus. August 17.
Rogatus, Martyr at Rome, above with Lucius. December 1.
Rogellus and Servus Dei, Martyrs at Cordoba. September 16.
Romana, Virgin and Solitary, at Todi. February 23.
Romanus the Abbot, in the territory of Lyon. February 28.
Romanus the Abbot, in the district of Auxerre. May 22.
Romanus the soldier, Martyr at Rome under Valerian. August 9.
Romanus, Bishop of Nepi and Martyr. August 24.
Romanus, Bishop of Auxerre and Martyr. October 6.
Romanus, Bishop of Rouen. October 23.
Romanus and the boy Barulas, Martyrs at Antioch under Galerius. November 18.
Romanus the Priest, at the fortress of Blaye. November 24.
Romaricus the Abbot, at the monastery of Luxeuil. December 8.
Romuald of Ravenna, Anchorite, Father of the Camaldolese Monks, at the monastery of Val di Castro. June 19. — Translation of the same Romuald, at Fabriano. February 7.
Romula, Redempta, and Herundo, Virgins, at Rome. July 23.
Romulus, Martyr at Concordia, above with Donatus. February 17.
Romulus, Martyr at Caesarea under Diocletian, below with Timolaus. March 24.
Romulus and Secundus, brothers, Martyrs in Mauretania. March 24.
Romulus, disciple of Blessed Peter, Bishop of Fiesole, and Companions, Martyrs at Fiesole under Domitian. July 6.
Romulus, Martyr under Trajan. September 1.
Rose, Virgin of the Third Order of Saint Francis, at Viterbo. March 6. — Translation of the same Rose, at Viterbo. September 4.
Rose of Saint Mary, Virgin of the Third Order of Saint Dominic, at Lima. August 24 and 30.
Rosalia, Virgin and Solitary, at Palermo. September 4. — Discovery of the same Rosalia, at Palermo. July 15.
Rosius, in Campania, Confessor under the Vandals, above with Priscus. September 1.
Rosula, Martyr in Africa, above with Crescentian. September 14.
Roderick the Priest and Solomon, Martyrs at Cordoba. March 13.
Ruffillus, Bishop of Forlimpopoli. July 18.
Rufina and Secunda, sisters, Virgins, Martyrs at Rome under Valerian and Gallienus. July 10.
Rufina the Virgin, Martyr at Seville, above with Justa. July 19.
Rufina, at Caesarea in Cappadocia, below with her husband Theodotus. August 31.
Rufinianus the Martyr, below with his brother Rufinus. September 9.
Rufinus, Martyr at Rome, above with Macarius. February 28.
Rufinus, Martyr in Africa, above with Epiphanius. April 7.
Rufinus, Martyr at Soissons under Diocletian, below with Valerius. June 14. Rufinus and Martia, Martyrs at Syracuse. June 21.
Rufinus, Martyr at Assisi. July 30.
Rufinus, Bishop of the Marsi, and Companions, Martyrs under Maximian. August 11.
Rufinus, at Mantua. August 19.
Rufinus, Bishop of Capua. August 26.
Rufinus, Silvanus, and Vitalicus, boys, Martyrs at Ancyra. September 4.
Rufinus and Rufinianus, brothers and Martyrs. September 9.
Rufinus, Marcus, Valerius, and Companions, Martyrs in Africa. November 16.
Rufus, Martyr at Melitene, above with Hermogenes. April 19.
Rufus, Martyr at Philadelphia in Arabia, above with Cyril. August 1.
Rufus the patrician, Bishop of Capua and Martyr. August 27.
Rufus and Carpophorus, Martyrs at Capua under Diocletian and Maximian. August 27.
Rufus, Martyr at Damascus, above with his father Paul. September 25.
Rufus, Bishop of Metz. November 7.
Rufus, first Bishop of Avignon. November 12.
Rufus, disciple of the Apostles. November 21.
Rufus, with his entire family, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian. November 28.
Rufus and Zosimus, disciples of the Apostles, Martyrs at Philippi. December 18.
Rumold, son of the King of the Irish, Bishop of Dublin, Martyr at Mechelen. June 24.
Rupert, Bishop of Salzburg. March 27.
Rustica, Martyr at Rome, above with Donata. December 31.
Rusticus, Martyr at Verona under Maximian, above with Firmus. August 9.
Rusticus the Subdeacon, Martyr at Carthage under Huneric, above with Liberatus. August 17.
Rusticus, Bishop of Clermont. September 24.
Rusticus the Priest, Martyr at Paris, above with Dionysius. October 9.
Rusticus, Bishop of Trier. October 14.
Rusticus, Bishop of Narbonne. October 26.
Rutilius, Martyr in Africa. August 2.
Rutilus and Companions, Martyrs in Pannonia. June 4.
Rutulus, Martyr in Africa, above with Lucius. February 18.
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Sabas the Goth and very many of the orthodox Goths, Martyrs in Cappadocia under Athanaric. April 12.
Sabas, military commander, and seventy Companions, Martyrs at Rome. April 24.
Sabbas, Abbot, in Judea. December 3.
Sabbatius, Martyr at Antioch under Probus, below with Trophimus. September 19.
Sabel, Martyr at Chalcedon under Julian, above with Manuel. June 17.
Sabina, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian. August 29.
Sabina, Virgin, in the district of Troyes. August 29.
Sabina, Martyr at Avila, below with Vincent. October 27.
Sabinianus, Martyr in the territory of Troyes under Aurelian. January 29.
Sabinianus, Monk, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Peter. June 7.
Sabinianus, one of the Twelve Brothers, Martyr at Potentia under Maximian, above with Arontius. August 27. — The Feast of the same Sabinianus and the remaining Brothers, above with Donatus, at Sentiana. September 1.
Sabinianus, Martyr at Damascus, above with his father Paul. September 25.
Sabinianus, Bishop of Sens, and Potentianus, Martyrs at Sens. December 31.
Sabinus, Martyr, above with Donatus. January 25.
Sabinus, Bishop of Canosa. February 9.
Sabinus, Martyr at Hermopolis. March 13.
Sabinus, in the territory of Poitiers. July 11.
Sabinus, Julian, Maximus, Macrobius, Cassia, Paula, and ten others, Martyrs at Damascus. July 20.
Sabinus, Bishop of Piacenza. December 11.
Sabinus, Bishop of Assisi, Exsuperantius and Marcellus, Deacons, Venustianus the Governor with his wife and children, Martyrs at Spoleto under Maximian. December 30.
Sacerdos, Bishop of Limoges, in the territory of Perigueux. May 4.
Sacerdos, Bishop of Sagunto. May 5.
Sacerdos, Bishop of Lyon. September 12.
Sadoth, Bishop, and one hundred twenty-eight others, Martyrs in Persia under Shapur. February 20.
Sagar, one of the early disciples of blessed Paul, Bishop and Martyr of Laodicea in Phrygia. October 6.
Salaberga, Abbess, at Laon. September 22.
Sallustia, Martyr at Rome under Decius, above with Cornelius. September 14.
Sallustianus, in Sardinia. June 8.
Solomon, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Roderic. March 13.
Solomon, Bishop of Genoa. September 28.
Salutaris, Archdeacon, Confessor at Carthage under Hunneric, above with Eugenius. July 13.
Salvator of Horta, Confessor, of the Order of Friars Minor, at Cagliari, in Sardinia. March 18.
Salvinus, Bishop of Verona. October 12.
Salvius, Bishop of Amiens and Martyr. January 11.
Salvius, Martyr in Africa. January 11.
Salvius, Bishop of Angouleme, and Superius, Martyrs at Valenciennes. June 26.
Salvius, Bishop of Albi. September 10.
Samonas, Martyr at Edessa under Diocletian, above with Gurias. November 15.
Sampson, Priest, host of the poor, at Constantinople. June 27.
Sampson, Bishop, in Brittany. July 28.
Samuel the Egyptian, Martyr at Caesarea under Galerius Maximianus, above with Elias. February 16.
Samuel the Prophet, in Judea. August 20.
Samuel, Priest of the Order of Friars Minor, Martyr at Ceuta, above with Daniel. October 10.
Sancius, a youth, Martyr at Cordoba. June 5.
Sanctinus, first Bishop of Meaux. September 22.
Sanctus, Deacon, Martyr at Lyon under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus, above with Pothinus. June 2.
Sandalus, Martyr at Cordoba. September 3.
Sarbelius and his sister Barbea, Martyrs at Edessa under Trajan. January 29.
Sarmata, Martyr in the Thebaid. October 11.
Sator, one of the Twelve Brothers, Martyr at Velinianum under Maximian, below with Vitalis. August 29. — The Feast of the same Sator and the remaining Brothers, above with Donatus, at Sentiana. September 1.
Saturianus, Martyr in Africa under Genseric, above with his brother Martinianus. October 16.
Saturnina, Virgin, Martyr at Arras. June 4.
Saturninus, Martyr in Africa, above with Paul. January 19.
Saturninus, Thyrsus, and Victor, Martyrs at Alexandria. January 31.
Saturninus, Theophilus, and Revocata, Martyrs. February 6.
Saturninus, Priest, Dativus, Felix, Ampelius, and Companions, Martyrs in Africa under Diocletian. February 11.
Saturninus, Castulus, Magnus, and Lucius, Martyrs at Terni. February 15.
Saturninus, Martyr at Hadrumetum under the Vandals, below with Verulus. February 21.
Saturninus, Martyr at Carthage under Severus, above with Perpetua. March 7.
Saturninus and nine others, Martyrs in Africa. March 22.
Saturninus, Bishop of Verona. April 7.
Saturninus, and a second, third, and fourth Saturninus likewise, Martyrs, above among the Martyrs of Zaragoza. April 16.
Saturninus, Neopolus, Germanus, and Caelestinus, Martyrs at Rome. May 2.
Saturninus the Italian, Martyr at Dyrrachium under Trajan, above with Peregrinus. July 7.
Saturninus, Martyr at Portus Romanus, above with Martialis. August 22.
Saturninus, Martyr at Capua, above with Marcellus. October 6.
Saturninus and Lupus, Martyrs. October 14.
Saturninus, Nereus, and three hundred sixty-five others, Martyrs. October 16.
Saturninus, Martyr at Cagliari under Diocletian. October 30.
Saturninus, Martyr at Antioch, above with Basileus. November 27.
Saturninus, an old man, and Sisinius, Deacon, Martyrs at Rome under Maximian. November 20.
Saturninus, Bishop of Toulouse, Martyr under Decius. November 29.
Saturninus, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, above with Irenaeus. December 15.
Saturninus, Martyr in Crete under Decius, below under Theodulus. December 23.
Saturninus, Martyr in Africa, above with Dominicus. December 29.
Saturus, steward of the royal household, Confessor in Africa under Genseric, above with Armogastes. March 29.
Satyrus, Martyr in Achaia. January 13.
Satyrus, Martyr at Carthage under Severus, above with Perpetua. March 7.
Satyrus, at Milan. September 17.
Saula, Virgin, Martyr at Cologne, above with Martha. October 20.
Savina, a matron, at Milan. January 30.
Savinus and Cyprian, Martyrs at Brescia. July 11.
Scholastica, Virgin, at Monte Cassino. February 10.
The Scillitan Martyrs at Carthage, namely: Speratus, Narzales, Cythinus, Veturius, Felix, Acyllinus, Laetantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestina, Donata, and Secunda; and the Translation of the relics of the same Speratus, the bones of Cyprian, and the head of Pantaleon to the city of Lyon. July 17.
Scubiculus, Deacon, Martyr in the district of Vexin, above with Nicasius. October 11.
Sebaldus, Hermit, at Nuremberg. August 19.
Sebastia, Martyr at Sirmium, above with Innocentius. July 4.
Sebastiana, a disciple of blessed Paul, Martyr at Heraclea, in Thrace, under Domitian. September 16.
Sebastian, captain of the first cohort, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. January 20.
Sebastian, Martyr in Lesser Armenia, above with Dionysius. February 8.
Sebastian, Commander and Martyr, above with Photina. March 20.
Sebbi, King of the English. August 29.
Secunda, Virgin Martyr at Rome under Valerian and Gallienus, above with her sister Rufina. July 10.
Secunda, Martyr at Carthage, above among the Scillitan Martyrs. July 17.
Secunda, a twelve-year-old Virgin, Martyr at Thuburbo Lucernaria under Valerian and Gallienus, above with Maxima. July 30.
Secundarius, Martyr at Antioch, above with Primus. October 2.
Secundianus, Martyr at Concordia, above with Donatus. February 17.
Secundianus, Marcellianus, and Verianus, Martyrs in Tuscany under Decius. August 9.
Secundilla, Martyr at Portus Romanus, above with Paul. March 2.
Secundina, Virgin, Martyr at Anagni under Decius. January 15.
Secundinus, Martyr in Africa, above with Lucius. February 18.
Secundinus, Martyr at Hadrumetum under the Vandals, below with Verulus. February 21.
Secundinus, Bishop, Martyr at Cirta under Valerian, above with Agapius. April 29.
Secundinus, Martyr at Cordoba. May 21.
Secundinus, Bishop, Martyr at Sinuessa, above with Castus. July 1.
Secundinus, in Campania, Confessor under the Vandals, above with Priscus. September 1.
Secundulus, Martyr at Carthage under Severus, above with Perpetua. March 7.
Secundus, Martyr in Africa, above with Epictetus. January 9.
Secundus, Martyr in Mauretania, above with his brother Romulus. March 24.
Secundus, Martyr in the city of Asti. March 29.
Secundus, a disciple of the Apostles, Bishop of Avila, below with Torquatus. May 13.
Secundus, Priest, and others, Martyrs at Alexandria under Constantius. May 21.
Secundus, Martyr at Amelia under Diocletian. July 1.
Secundus, Martyr at Synnada, above with Democritus. July 31.
Secundus, Martyr at Novum Comum, above with Carpophorus. August 7.
Secundus, commander of soldiers, Martyr at Albintimilium. August 26.
Secundus, Fidentianus, and Varicus, Martyrs in Africa. November 15.
Secundus, Martyr at Nicaea, above with Darius. December 19.
Secundus, Martyr at Nicomedia, above with Cyriacus. December 19.
Secundus, Martyr in Africa, above with Dominicus. December 29.
Securus, Martyr in Africa, below with Severus. December 2.
Sedopha, Martyr at Tomi, above with Marinus. July 5.
Selesius, Martyr at Alexandria under Maximinus, above with Hieronides. September 12.
Seleucus the Cappadocian, Martyr at Caesarea under Maximian, above with Porphyrius. February 16.
Seleucus, in Syria. March 24.
Senator, Bishop of Milan. May 28.
Senator, at Albano. September 26.
Sennen the Persian, Martyr at Rome under Decius, above with Abdon. July 30.
The Seven Sleepers, at Ephesus, namely: Maximianus, Malchus, Martinianus, Dionysius, John, Serapion, and Constantine. July 27.
The Seven Brothers, Martyrs at Rome under Antoninus, namely: Januarius, Felix, Philip, Silvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martialis. July 10.
Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix, of the Twelve Brothers, Martyrs at Venusia under Maximian. August 28. — The Feast of the same Septiminus, Januarius, and Felix, and the remaining Brothers, above with Donatus, at Sentiana. September 1.
Septimus the Monk, Martyr at Carthage under Hunneric, above with Liberatus. August 17.
Septimus the Lector, Martyr at Venusia under Diocletian, above with Felix. October 24.
Sequanus the Priest, in the territory of Langres. September 19.
Seraphina, in the city of Mamiano. July 29.
Seraphinus, of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, at Ascoli. October 12.
Serapia the Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian. July 29. — The Translation of the same Serapia, at Rome. September 3.
Serapion, Martyr in Egypt under Numerian, below with Victorinus. February 25.
Serapion, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Caerealis. February 28.
Serapion, Anchorite and Bishop of Thmuis, Confessor at Alexandria under the Arians. March 21.
Serapion the Lector, Martyr at Pentapolis, below with Theodore. March 26.
Serapion, Martyr under Severus. July 13.
Serapion, at Ephesus, above among the Seven Sleepers. July 27.
Serapion, Martyr at Rome, above with Hermas. August 18.
Serapion, Martyr at Tomi, above with his father Marcellinus. August 27.
Serapion, Martyr at Alexandria under Maximinus, above with Hieronides. September 12.
Serapion, Bishop of Antioch. October 30.
Serapion, Martyr at Alexandria under Decius. November 14.
Serapion, of the Order of Blessed Mary of Mercy for the Redemption of Captives, Martyr in Algiers. November 14.
Serena Augusta, at Rome. August 16.
Serenus, and likewise another Serenus, Martyrs at Alexandria under Severus, above with Plutarch. June 28.
Sergius, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia. February 24.
Sergius, Martyr at Vigilia under Trajan, above with Maurus. July 27.
Sergius, Pope, the First, at Rome. September 8.
Sergius and Bacchus, Romans, Martyrs in the province of Augusta Euphratensis under Maximian. October 7.
Serotina, Martyr at Rome, above with Donata. December 31.
Servandus and Germanus, Martyrs at the Ursonian estate under Diocletian. October 23.
Servatius, Bishop of Tongeren, at Maastricht. May 13.
Servilianus, Martyr at Rome under Trajan, below with Sulpicius. April 20.
Servilius, Martyr in Istria, below with Zoellus. May 24.
Servulus, Martyr at Hadrumetum under the Vandals, below with Verulus. February 21.
Servulus, at Rome. December 23.
Servus the Subdeacon, Martyr at Carthage under Hunneric, above with Liberatus. August 17.
Servus, Martyr at Thuburbo under Hunneric. December 7.
Servus-Dei the Monk, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Gumesindus. January 13.
Servus-Dei, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Rogellus. September 16.
Severa the Virgin, at Trier. July 20.
Severianus and his wife Aquila, Martyrs at Caesarea in Mauretania. January 23.
Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, Martyr under the Eutychians. February 21.
Severianus, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, below with Victor. April 20.
Severianus the soldier, Martyr at Sebastea under Licinius. September 9.
Severianus, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, above among the Four Crowned Ones. November 8.
Severinus, Bishop of Naples. January 8.
Severinus the Abbot, among the Noricans. January 8.
Severinus, Abbot of the monastery of Agaunum, at the fortress of Nantua. February 11.
Severinus, Bishop of Septempeda. June 8.
Severinus the Martyr, above with Lucy. July 6.
Severinus, Martyr at Novum Comum, above with Carpophorus. August 7.
Severinus, Bishop of Cologne, at Bordeaux. October 23.
Severinus the Monk, at Tivoli. November 1.
Severinus, Exuperius, and Felicianus, Martyrs at Vienne. November 19.
Severinus, Monk and Hermit, at Paris. November 27.
Severinus, Bishop of Trier. December 21.
Severus, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Peter. January 11.
Severus, Bishop of Ravenna. February 1.
Severus the Priest, in the province of Valeria. February 15.
Severus, Bishop of Naples. April 29.
Severus the Priest, having traveled from India, at Vienne. August 8.
Severus and Memnon the Centurion, Martyrs in Thrace. August 20.
Severus the Priest, at Orvieto. October 1.
Severus, Bishop of Trier. October 15.
Severus the Priest, Martyr at Adrianople in Thrace, under Julian, above with Philip. October 22.
Severus, Bishop of Barcelona and Martyr. November 6.
Severus, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, above among the Four Crowned Ones. November 8.
Severus, Securus, Januarius, and Victorinus, Martyrs in Africa. December 2.
Severus, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Mansuetus. December 30.
Sextus, Martyr at Catania, below with Stephen. December 31.
Sidonius, Bishop of Clermont. August 21.
Sidronius, Martyr in the territory of Sens. July 11.
Sigismund, King of the Burgundians, Martyr at the village of Columna near Orleans. May 1.
Silas, disciple of the Apostles, Confessor in Macedonia. July 13.
Silvanus, Bishop of Emesa, and two others, Martyrs at Emesa under Maximian. February 6.
Silvanus, below with Tyrannion and the other innumerable Martyrs under Diocletian commemorated at Tyre. February 20.
Silvanus the Bishop, Confessor in Campania. February 10.
Silvanus, Martyr in Africa, above with Lucius. February 18.
Silvanus, Martyr in Africa, above with Cyril. March 8.
Silvanus, Bishop of Gaza, with very many of his Clerics, Martyrs in the mines of Phaeno under Diocletian and Galerius Maximian. May 4.
Silvanus, Martyr at Rome. May 5.
Silvanus, Martyr in Istria, below with Zoellus. May 24.
Silvanus, Martyr at Rome under Antoninus, above among the Seven Brothers. July 10.
Silvanus, Martyr in Pisidia, above with Bianor. July 10.
Silvanus the boy, Martyr at Ancyra, above with Rufinus. September 4.
Silvanus, in the town of Levroux. September 22.
Silvanus, Martyr under Maximinus, above with Domninus. November 5.
Silvanus, Bishop of Troas. December 2.
Silverius the Pope, Martyr on the island of Pontia. June 20.
Silvester, Bishop of Chalon-sur-Saone. November 20.
Silvester the Abbot, Founder of the Congregation of Silvestrine Monks, at Fabriano. November 26.
Silvester, Pope, the First, at Rome. December 31.
Silvia, at Rome. November 3.
Silvinus, Bishop of Toulouse, in the district of Therouanne. February 17.
Silvinus, Bishop of Verona. September 12.
Silvinus, Bishop of Brescia. September 28.
Silvius, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Arator. April 21.
Simeon Stylites, Monk, at Antioch. January 5.
Simeon, son of Cleophas and relative of the Savior, Bishop of Jerusalem, Martyr under Trajan. February 18.
Simeon the boy, Martyr at Trent at the hands of the Jews. March 24.
Simeon, Bishop of Seleucia and Ctesiphon, with a hundred others (among whom were Bishops, Priests, and Clerics of various orders), Abdechalas and Ananias the Priests, Usthazanes, and Pusicius with his virgin daughter, Martyrs in Persia under Shapur. April 21.
Simeon the Monk, at Trier. June 1.
Simeon, surnamed Salus, at Emesa. July 1.
Simeon, Monk and Hermit, in the territory of Mantua. July 26.
Simeon Stylites the Younger. September 3.
Simeon, the elder and Prophet. October 8.
Similianus, Bishop of Nantes. June 16.
Simitrius the Priest and twenty-two others, Martyrs at Rome under Antoninus Pius. May 26.
Simon the Canaanite, and Thaddaeus, who is also called Jude, Apostles, Martyrs in Persia. October 28.
Simplicianus, Bishop of Milan. August 16.
Simplicianus, Martyr at Catania, below with Stephen. December 31.
Simplicius, Pope, at Rome. March 10.
Simplicius the Senator, with his wife and sixty-eight of his household, Martyrs at Rome under Alexander, above with Calepodius. May 10.
Simplicius, Bishop of Fausina, Martyr under Diocletian. May 15.
Simplicius, Bishop of Autun. June 24.
Simplicius and Faustinus, together with their sister Beatrix, Martyrs at Rome under Diocletian. July 29.
Simplicius, together with Constantius and Victorianus his sons, Martyrs among the Marsi under Antoninus. August 26.
Simplicius, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, above with Claudius. November 8.
Simplicius, Bishop of Verona. November 20.
Simplicius, Martyr in Africa under Decius and Valerian, above with Quinctus. December 18.
Sindulphus, Priest, at Alsontia. October 20.
Sindulphus, Bishop of Vienne. December 10.
Sirenus the Monk, Martyr at Sirmium under Maximian. February 23.
Siricius, Martyr at Hadrumetum, below with Verulus. February 21.
Siricius, Pope, at Rome. November 26.
Siridion, Bishop. January 2.
Sisenandus the Levite, Martyr at Cordoba. July 16.
Sisinius the Deacon, Diocletius, and Florentius, Martyrs at Osimo under Diocletian. May 11.
Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, Martyrs in the region of Anaunia. May 29.
Sisinius, Martyr at Cyzicus under Diocletian. November 23.
Sisinius the Deacon, Martyr at Rome under Maximian, above with Saturninus. November 29.
Siviardus, Abbot, at Le Mans. March 1.
Smaragdus, Martyr at Rome under Maximian, above with Cyriacus. March 16 and August 8.
Sobel, Egyptian Martyr, above with Cantidius. August 5.
Socrates and Dionysius, Martyrs. April 19.
Socrates and Stephen, Martyrs in Britain. September 17.
Solemnius, Bishop of Chartres, at Blois. September 25.
Solochon and Companions, soldiers, Martyrs at Chalcedon under Maximian. May 17.
Solutor, Martyr at Ravenna under Diocletian, below with Valentine. November 13.
Solutor the soldier, Martyr at Turin under Maximian, above with Octavius. November 20.
Sopatra, Virgin, daughter of the Emperor Maurice, at Constantinople, above with Eustolia. November 9.
Sophia, Virgin, Martyr at Fermo. April 30.
Sophia and Irene, Martyrs. September 18.
Sophia, Widow, at Rome. September 30.
Zephaniah the Prophet, in Judea. December 3.
Sophronius, Bishop of Jerusalem. March 11.
Sophronius, Bishop, in Cyprus. December 8.
Sosipater, disciple of blessed Paul, at Beroea. June 25.
Sosius, Deacon of Misenum, Martyr at Pozzuoli under Diocletian, above with Januarius. September 19. — Commemoration of the same Sosius, in Campania. September 23.
Sostenaeus and Uguccio, two of the seven Founders of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Monte Senario. May 3. — Feast of the same Sostenaeus and Uguccio and their Companions. February 12.
Sosthenes and Victor, Martyrs at Chalcedon under Diocletian. September 10.
Sosthenes, disciple of blessed Paul, Confessor at Corinth. November 28.
Soter, Pope, Martyr at Rome. April 22.
Soteris, Virgin, Martyr at Rome. February 10.
Sozon, Martyr at Pompeiopolis under Maximian. September 7.
Speciosus the Monk, at Capua. March 15.
Speratus, Martyr at Carthage, above among the Scillitan Martyrs. July 17.
Spes, Abbot, at Norcia. March 28.
Spes (Hope), Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian, above with her sister Fides (Faith). August 1.
Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus, triplets, together with their grandmother Leonilla, Martyrs at Langres under Marcus Aurelius. January 17.
Spyridon, Bishop, Confessor in Cyprus under Galerius Maximian. December 14.
Stachys, disciple of blessed Andrew, first Bishop of Constantinople. October 31.
Stacteus, Martyr at Tivoli under Hadrian, below with his mother Symphorosa. July 18.
Stacteus, Martyr at Rome. September 28.
Stanislaus, Bishop of Cracow and Martyr. May 8 and 7.
Stanislaus Kostka, a Pole, novice of the Society of Jesus, at Rome. August 15.
Stephen, Abbot, Founder of the Grandmontine Order, at Muret. February 8.
Stephen, Bishop of Lyon. February 13.
Stephen, Abbot, at Rieti. February 13.
Stephen, Martyr in Egypt, below with Victor. April 1.
Stephen, Abbot, at Citeaux. April 17.
Stephen, Bishop of Antioch, Martyr under the Eutychians. April 25.
Stephen, Martyr at Tarsus, above with Castor. April 27.
Stephen I, Pope, Martyr at Rome under Valerian. August 2.
Stephen the Subdeacon, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with Sixtus. August 6.
Stephen, Abbot, together with two hundred Monks, Martyrs at the monastery of Saint Peter of Cardena, near Burgos. August 6.
Stephen, King of the Hungarians, at Szekesfehervar. August 15 and September 2.
Stephen, Martyr in Britain, above with Socrates. September 17.
Stephen, Martyr in Spain, above with Honorius. November 21.
Stephen, Martyr at Antioch of Pisidia under Diocletian, above with Mark. November 22.
Stephen the Younger, Basil, Peter, Andrew, and three hundred thirty-nine Companions, Monks, Martyrs at Constantinople under Constantine Copronymus. November 28.
Stephen, Martyr in Africa, above with Claudius. December 3.
Stephen the Protomartyr, at Jerusalem. December 26. — Translation of the same Stephen, at Rome. May 7. — Discovery of the same Stephen together with Gamaliel, Nicodemus, and Abibo, at Jerusalem. August 3.
Stephen, Pontianus, Attalus, Fabianus, Cornelius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctianus, Minervinus, and Simplicianus, Martyrs at Catania. December 31.
Stercatius, Martyr at Merida under Diocletian, below with his brother Victor. July 24.
Straton, Philip, and Eutychianus, Martyrs at Nicomedia. August 17.
Straton, Martyr. September 9.
Straton, Martyr at Alexandria under Maximinus, above with Hieronides. September 12.
Stratonicus, Martyr at Singidunum under Licinius, above with Hermylus. January 13.
Sturm, Abbot, at the monastery of Fulda. December 17.
Stylianus the Anchorite, at Adrianople, in Paphlagonia. November 26.
Styriacus, Martyr at Sebaste under Licinius, above with Carterius. November 2.
Successus, Martyr in Africa, above with Paul. January 19.
Successus, Martyr in Africa, above with Rogatus. March 28.
Successus, Martyr, above among the Martyrs of Zaragoza. April 16.
Successus, Martyr in Africa, above with Peter. December 9.
Suitbert, Bishop, at the city of Werden. March 1.
Sulpicius Pius, Bishop of Bourges. January 17.
Sulpicius Severus, Bishop of Bourges. January 29.
Sulpicius and Servilianus, Martyrs at Rome under Trajan. April 20.
Superius, Martyr at Valenciennes, above with Salvius. June 26.
Suranus, Abbot. January 24.
Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, Martyrs with their little children. May 24.
Susanna, Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. August 11.
Susanna, Virgin, Martyr at Eleutheropolis. September 19.
Syagrius, Bishop of Autun. August 27.
Sycus and Palatinus, Martyrs at Antioch. May 30.
Symmachus, Pope, at Rome. July 19.
Symphorianus, Martyr at Rome, above with Claudius. July 7.
Symphorianus, Martyr at Autun under Aurelian. August 22.
Symphorianus, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, above with Claudius. November 8.
Symphorosa, Martyr in Campania under Diocletian, above with Aristo. July 2.
Symphorosa and her seven sons, namely: Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugenius, Martyrs at Tivoli under Hadrian. July 18.
Symphronius, Martyr in Africa, above with Felix. February 3.
Symphronius, Olympius the Tribune, together with his son Theodulus and wife Exsuperia, Martyrs at Rome. July 26. — Translation of the same Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exsuperia, at Rome, above with Nemesius. August 25. — Discovery of the same Symphronius, Olympius, Theodulus, and Exsuperia, at Rome, above with the Discovery of Nemesius. December 8.
Syncletica, Virgin, at Alexandria. January 5.
Syndimius, Martyr at Nicomedia, above with Cyriacus. December 19.
Synesius and Theopompus, Martyrs. May 21.
Synesius the Lector, Martyr at Rome under Aurelian. December 12.
Syntyche, disciple of the Apostles, at Philippi. July 22.
Syrus, Bishop of Genoa. June 29.
Syrus, first Bishop of Pavia. December 9. — The same Syrus, together with Juventius. September 12.
Swithun, Bishop of Winchester. July 2.
T
Tammarus, in Campania, Confessor under the Vandals, above with Priscus. September 1.
Tarbula, Virgin, Martyr under Shapur, in Persia. April 22.
Tatiana, Martyr at Rome under Alexander. January 12.
Tatianus the Deacon, Martyr at Aquileia under Numerian, above with Hilary. March 16.
Tatianus, Martyr at Merus under Julian, above with Macedonius. September 12.
Tation, Martyr in Isauria under Diocletian. August 24.
Tatta, Martyr at Damascus, above with her husband Paul. September 25.
Taurinus, Bishop of Evreux. August 11.
Taunon, Martyr at Amphipolis, above with Auctus. November 7.
Telesphorus, Pope, Martyr at Rome under Antoninus Pius. January 5.
Terentianus, Bishop of Todi, Martyr under Hadrian. September 1.
Terentius, Africanus, Pompeius, and Companions, Martyrs in Africa under Decius. April 10.
Terentius, Bishop of Iconium and Martyr. June 21.
Terentius, Martyr at Todi under Diocletian, above with Fidentius. September 27.
Teresa Margaret Redi, Virgin, of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, at Florence. March 7.
Teresa of the Infant Jesus, Virgin of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, at Lisieux. September 30 and October 3.
Teresa, Virgin, mother and teacher of the Brothers and Sisters of the Carmelite Order of the stricter observance, at Alba. October 15.
Tertius, a devout man, Confessor in Africa under Hunneric, above with Dionysia. December 6.
Tertulla, Virgin, Martyr at Cirta under Valerian, above with Aemilianus. April 29.
Tertullianus, Bishop of Bologna. April 27.
Tertullinus, Priest, Martyr at Rome under Valerian. August 4.
Thaddaeus, who is also called Jude, Apostle, Martyr in Persia, above with Simon. October 28.
Thalelaeus, Asterius, Alexander, and Companions, Martyrs at Edessa, near Aegae, under Numerian. May 20.
Thalus, Martyr at Laodicea in Syria, under Diocletian, below with Trophimus. March 11.
Thamel and Companions, Martyrs under Hadrian. September 4.
Tharacus, Probus, and Andronicus, Martyrs at Tarsus under Diocletian. October 11.
Tarasius, Bishop of Constantinople. February 25.
Tharsicius, Zoticus, Cyriacus, and Companions, Martyrs at Alexandria. January 31.
Tharsicius, Acolyte, Martyr at Rome. August 15.
Tharsilla, Virgin, at Rome. December 24.
Thea, Martyr at Gaza, above with Meuris. December 19.
Thecla, Martyr at Rome, above with Peter. March 26.
Thecla, Martyr in Palestine under Diocletian, below with Timothy. August 19.
Thecla, at Hadrumetum, above with her husband Boniface. August 3.
Thecla, Virgin, Martyr at Aquileia under Nero, above with Euphemia. September 30.
Thecla, Virgin, disciple of blessed Paul, Martyr at Iconium under Nero, who died at Seleucia. September 23.
Thecla, Virgin, Abbess of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt, in Germany. October 15.
Thecusa, Virgin, Martyr at Ancyra, below with her nephew Theodotus. May 18.
Themistocles, Martyr in Lycia under Decius, and Dioscorus. December 21.
Theobald, of the Counts of French Champagne, Priest and Hermit, at Salanicum. June 30.
Theoctistes, Virgin, on the island of Paros. November 16.
Theodard, Bishop of Liege and Martyr. September 10.
Theodemirus, Monk, Martyr at Cordoba. July 25.
Theoderic, Priest, in the territory of Rheims. July 1.
Theodora, Martyr at Nicaea, below with Theusetas. March 13.
Theodora, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian. April 1.
Theodora, Virgin, and Didymus, Martyrs at Alexandria under Diocletian. April 28.
Theodora, Virgin, Martyr at Terracina under Domitian, above with Flavia Domitilla. May 7.
Theodora the Penitent, at Alexandria. September 11.
Theodora, matron, at Rome. September 7.
Theodore, Monk, in Egypt. January 7.
Theodore, military commander, Martyr at Heraclea in Pontus, under Licinius. February 7.
Theodore, Martyr at Rome, above with Alexander. March 17.
Theodore, Bishop, Irenaeus, Deacon, Serapion and Ammonius, Lectors, Martyrs at Pentapolis. March 26.
Theodore and Pausilippus, Martyrs in Thrace under Hadrian. April 15.
Theodore, surnamed Trichinas, at Constantinople. April 20.
Theodore, Bishop of Anastasiopolis. April 22.
Theodore, Abbot, in Egypt. April 27.
Theodore, Bishop of Bologna. May 5.
Theodore, Bishop of Pavia. May 20.
Theodore, Bishop of Cyrene, Confessor under Diocletian. July 4.
Theodore, Martyr at Rome under Gallienus, above with Lucilla. July 29.
Theodore, Martyr at Nicomedia, below with his father Zeno. September 2.
Theodore, Oceanus, Ammianus, and Julian, Martyrs under Maximian. September 4.
Theodore, Martyr at Constantinople under Valens, below with Urban. September 5.
Theodore, Martyr at Adrianople in Thrace, under Maximian, above with Maximus. September 15.
Theodore, Bishop of Canterbury. September 19.
Theodore, his mother Philippa, and Companions, Martyrs at Perga under Antoninus. September 20.
Theodore, Priest, Martyr at Antioch under Julian. October 23.
Theodore, Abbot, at Vienne. October 29.
Theodore, soldier, Martyr at Amasea under Maximian. November 9.
Theodore, Abbot of the Studion, at Constantinople. November 11.
Theodore, an Egyptian Bishop, Martyr at Alexandria under Galerius Maximianus, above with Faustus. November 26.
Theodore, Martyr at Antioch, above with Polycarp. December 7.
Theodore, Martyr at Antioch, above with Drusus. December 14.
Theodore, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, above with Irenaeus. December 15.
Theodore, Sacristan of the Church of Saint Peter, at Rome. December 26.
Theodore, Monk and Martyr, and Theophanes, Bishop of Nicaea, brothers, Confessors at Constantinople under Leo the Armenian and Theophilus. December 27.
Theodosia, Martyr at Amisus, above with Alexandra. March 20.
Theodosia, Martyr, above with Domitius. March 23.
Theodosia, a Tyrian Virgin, Martyr at Caesarea under Galerius Maximianus. April 2.
Theodosia and twelve other matrons, Martyrs at Caesarea Philippi under Diocletian. May 29.
Theodosius the Cenobiarch, in Judaea. January 11.
Theodosius, Martyr, above with Quadratus. March 26.
Theodosius, Bishop of Auxerre. July 17.
Theodosius, Lucius, Marcus, and Peter, among the one hundred and twenty-one Martyrs buried on the Via Salaria, and forty-six soldiers, Martyrs at Rome under Claudius. October 25.
Theodota, Martyr at Constantinople under Leo the Iconoclast. July 17.
Theodota, with Evodius and two other sons, Martyrs at Nicaea. August 2.
Theodotus, Martyr in Africa, above with Aquilinus. January 4.
Theodotus, Bishop of Cyrinia, Confessor in Cyprus under Licinius. May 6.
Theodotus, Martyr, his aunt Thecusa, and Alexandra, Claudia, Phaina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta, Virgins, Martyrs at Ancyra. May 18.
Theodotus, Martyr at Tomi, above with Marinus. July 5.
Theodotus and his wife Rufina, and Ammia, at Caesarea in Cappadocia. August 31.
Theodotus, Bishop of Laodicea in Syria. November 2.
Theodotus, Martyr at Heraclea in Thrace, above with Clementinus. November 14.
Theodulphus, Bishop of Lobbes. June 24.
Theodulus, an old man, Martyr at Caesarea. February 17.
Theodulus, Priest, at Antioch. March 23.
Theodulus, Ausius, Felix, Cornelia, and Companions, Martyrs in Africa. March 31.
Theodulus, Lector, Martyr at Thessalonica under Maximian, above with Agathopus. April 4.
Theodulus, Martyr at Attalia under Hadrian, above with his father Exsuperius. May 2.
Theodulus, Priest, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian, above with Alexander. May 3.
Theodulus, Martyr at Tripoli, above with Leontius. June 18.
Theodulus, Martyr at Rome, above with Symphronius. July 26. -- Translation of the same Theodulus, at Rome, above with Nemesius. August 25. -- Discovery of the same Theodulus, at Rome, above with the Discovery of Nemesius. December 8.
Theodulus, Martyr at Merum under Julian, above with Macedonius. September 12.
Theodulus, Saturninus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunicianus, Zeticus, Leomenes, Agathopus, Basilides, and Evaristus, Martyrs in Crete under Decius. December 23.
Theogenes, Martyr in the Hellespont, above with Cyrinus. January 3.
Theogenes, Bishop of Hippo, and thirty-six others, Martyrs at Hippo Regius under Valerian. January 26.
Theogonius, Martyr at Edessa under Maximian, above with his mother Bassa. August 21.
Theonas, Martyr under Diocletian, below with Theopemptus. January 3.
Theonas, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, below with Victor. April 20.
Theonas, Bishop of Alexandria. August 23.
Theonestus, Bishop of Altino and Martyr. October 30.
Theonilla, Martyr at Aegae under Diocletian, above with Claudius. August 23.
Theopemptus and Theonas, Martyrs under Diocletian. January 3.
Theophanes, a Constantinopolitan Monk, Confessor in Samothrace under Leo the Armenian. March 12.
Theophanes and Companions, Confessors at Constantinople. December 4.
Theophanes, Bishop of Nicaea, previously a Confessor at Constantinople under Leo the Armenian and Theophilus, above with his brother Theodore. December 27.
Theophila, Virgin, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, above with Indis. December 28.
Theophilus, Deacon, and Helladius, Martyrs in Libya. January 8.
Theophilus the Scholar, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia, above with Dorothea. February 6.
Theophilus, Martyr, above with Saturninus. February 6.
Theophilus, Martyr at Rome, above with Macarius. February 28.
Theophilus, Bishop of Caesarea. March 5.
Theophilus, Bishop of Nicomedia and Confessor. March 7.
Theophilus, Bishop of Brescia. April 27.
Theophilus of Corte, of the Order of Friars Minor, at Ficecchio in Etruria. May 19.
Theophilus the Magistrate, Martyr in Cyprus. July 22.
Theophilus, Martyr under Diocletian, below with Trophimus. July 23.
Theophilus, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Ammon. September 8.
Theophilus the Monk, Confessor at Constantinople under Leo the Isaurian. October 2.
Theophilus, Bishop of Antioch. October 13.
Theophilus, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia under Decius, above with Germanus. November 3.
Theophilus the Soldier, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Ammon. December 20.
Theopistes, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian, above with her husband Eustachius. September 20.
Theopistus, Martyr at Rome under Hadrian, above with his father Eustachius. September 20.
Theopompus, Martyr, above with Synesius. May 21.
Theoprepius, Martyr in Illyricum, above with his father Philetus. March 27.
Theoticus, Martyr at Antinous, above with Arianus. March 8.
Theotimus, Bishop of Tomis. April 20.
Theotimus, Martyr under Maximinus, above with Domninus. November 5.
Theotimus and Basilianus, Martyrs at Laodicea in Syria. December 18.
Theotimus, Martyr at Tripoli, above with Lucian. December 24.
Thespesius, Martyr in Cappadocia under Alexander. June 1.
Thespesius, Martyr at Nicaea under Maximinus, above with Eustachius. November 20.
Thessalonica, Martyr at Amphipolis, above with Auctus. November 7.
Theusetas, his son Horres, and Theodora, Nymphodora, Marcus, and Arabia, Martyrs at Nicaea. March 13.
Thomais, Martyr at Alexandria. April 14.
Thomas Aquinas, of the Order of Preachers, Doctor of the Church, at the Monastery of Fossa Nova. March 7.
Thomas More, Martyr, at London, in England. July 6.
Thomas, Bishop of Hereford, at Montefiascone. August 25.
Thomas of Villanova, of the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine, Bishop of Valencia. September 8 and 12.
Thomas the Monk, at Antioch. November 18.
Thomas the Apostle, Martyr at Calamina. December 21.
Translation of the same Thomas, at Edessa and Ortona. July 3.
Thomas, Bishop of Canterbury and Martyr. December 29.
Thraseas, Bishop of Eumeneia, Martyr at Smyrna. October 5.
Thyrsus and Projectus, Martyrs. January 24.
Thyrsus, Martyr at Apollonia under Decius, above with Leucius. January 28.
Thyrsus, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Saturninus. January 31.
Thyrsus the Deacon, Martyr at Autun, above with Andochius. September 24.
Tiberius, Modestus, and Florentia, Martyrs in the territory of Agde under Diocletian. November 10.
Tiburtius and Valerianus, brothers, and Maximus, Martyrs at Rome under Alexander. April 14.
Tiburtius, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. August 11.
Tiburtius, Martyr in Sabina, above with Hyacinthus. September 9.
Tigides and Remedius, Bishops of Gap. February 3.
Tigrius the Priest and Eutropius the Lector, Martyrs at Constantinople. January 12.
Timolaus, Dionysius, Pausis, Romulus, Alexander, another Alexander likewise, Agapius, and another Dionysius likewise, Martyrs at Caesarea under Diocletian. March 24.
Timon, one of the first seven Deacons, Martyr at Corinth. April 19.
Timothy, disciple of blessed Paul, Bishop of Ephesus and Martyr. January 24.
Translation of the same Timothy, at Constantinople, above with the Translation of Andrew. May 9.
Timothy, Martyr at Rome under Antoninus, above with Mark. March 24.
Timothy and Diogenes, Martyrs in Macedonia. April 6.
Timothy and his wife Maura, Martyrs in the Thebaid. May 3.
Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, Deacons, Martyrs in Mauretania Caesariensis. May 21.
Timothy, Martyr at Rome, above with Faustinus. May 22.
Timothy, Bishop of Prusa, Martyr under Julian. June 10.
Timothy, Thecla, and Agapius, Martyrs in Palestine under Diocletian. August 19.
Timothy, Martyr at Rome. August 22.
Timothy and Apollinaris, Martyrs at Rheims. August 23.
Timothy and Faustus, Martyrs at Antioch. September 8.
Timothy the Deacon, Martyr in Mauretania. December 19.
Titianus, Bishop of Oderzo. January 16.
Titianus, Bishop of Brescia. March 3.
Titus, disciple of blessed Paul, Bishop of Crete. January 4 and February 6.
Titus the Deacon, Martyr at Rome under the Goths. August 16.
Tobias, Martyr at Sebaste under Licinius, above with Carterius. November 2.
Torpes, disciple of the Apostles, Martyr at Pisa under Nero. April 29.
Torquatus, Bishop of Acci, Ctesiphon, Bishop of Vergi, Secundus, Bishop of Avila, Indaletius, Bishop of Urci, Caecilius, Bishop of Illiberis, Hesychius, Bishop of Carteia, Euphrasius, Bishop of Iliturgi, disciples of the Apostles, in Spain. May 15.
Totnanus the Deacon, Martyr at Wurzburg, above with Kilian. July 8.
Tranquillinus the Priest, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. July 6. -- Finding of the same Tranquillinus, at Rome, above with Felix. July 29.
Trason, Pontianus, and Praetextatus, Martyrs at Rome under Maximian. December 11.
The Three Youths, namely: Ananias, Azarias, and Misael, at Babylon. December 16.
Triphina, Martyr in Sicily, above with Agatho. July 5.
Triphyllius, Bishop, in Cyprus. June 13.
Tripus, Martyr at Rome under Aurelian, above with Basilides. June 10.
Troadius, Martyr at Neocaesarea under Decius. December 28.
Trojanus, Bishop of Saintes. November 30.
Trophimus and Thalus, Martyrs at Laodicea in Syria under Diocletian. March 11.
Trophimus and Eucarpius, Martyrs at Nicomedia. March 18.
Trophimus and Theophilus, Martyrs under Diocletian. July 23.
Trophimus, Sabbatius, and Dorymedon the Senator, Martyrs at Antioch and Synnada under Probus. September 19.
Trophimus, disciple of blessed Paul, first Bishop of Arles. December 29.
Trudo the Priest, in the town of Hasbania. November 23.
Tryphaena, Martyr at Cyzicus. January 31.
Tryphenna and Tryphosa, disciples of blessed Paul, at Iconium. November 10.
Tryphon, Martyr in Africa, above with Aquilinus. January 4.
Tryphon and twelve others, Martyrs at Alexandria. July 3.
Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha the Virgin, Martyrs. November 10.
Tryphonia Augusta, at Rome. October 18.
Tryphosa, disciple of blessed Paul, at Iconium, above with Tryphenna. November 10.
Turiavus, Bishop, in Brittany. July 13.
Turibius, Bishop of Lima. March 23.
Turibius, Bishop of Astorga, at Palencia. April 16.
Tychicus, disciple of blessed Paul, at Paphos. April 29.
Tychon, Bishop of Amathus. June 16.
Tyrannio, Bishop of Tyre, and Silvanus, Peleus, and Nilus, Bishops, and Zenobius the Priest, Martyrs, commemorated with innumerable other Martyrs at Tyre under Diocletian. February 20.
The same Silvanus, Bishop of Emesa, above with two others, Martyrs at Emesa under Maximian. February 6.
The same Peleus and Nilus, Egyptian Bishops, above with Bishop Elias and very many Clerics, Martyrs in Palestine. September 19.
The same Zenobius, below, Martyr at Sidon under Diocletian. October 29.
U
Ubaldus, Bishop of Gubbio. May 16.
Uguccio, one of the seven Founders of the Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at Monte Senario, above with Sostenaeus. May 3. -- Feast of the same Uguccio and his Companions. February 12.
Uldaricus, Bishop of Augsburg in Raetia. July 4.
Urban, a boy, Martyr at Antioch under Decius, above with Babylas. January 24.
Urban, Martyr in Africa, above with Cyril. March 8.
Urban, Bishop of Langres. April 2.
Urban, Martyr, above among the Martyrs of Zaragoza. April 16.
Urban, Pope, the First of that name, Martyr at Rome under Alexander. May 25.
Urban, Martyr in Campania under Diocletian, above with Aristo. July 2.
Urban, Pope, the Second of that name, at Rome. July 29.
Urban, Theodore, Menedemus, and seventy-seven Companions from the Clergy, Martyrs at Constantinople under Valens. September 5.
Urban, disciple of the Apostles, Martyr at Rome, above with Ampliatus. October 31.
Urban, Bishop, Confessor in Africa under Genseric, below with Valerianus. November 28.
Urban, Bishop of Teano. December 7.
Urban, Pope, the Fifth of that name, at Avignon. December 19.
Urciscenus, Bishop of Pavia. June 21.
Ursicinus, Martyr at Ravenna. June 19.
Ursicinus, Bishop of Sens. July 24.
Ursicinus, Bishop of Brescia. December 1.
Ursicius, Martyr in Illyricum under Maximian. August 14.
Ursinus, first Bishop of Bourges. November 9.
Ursmarus, Bishop, at the monastery of Lobbes. April 19.
Ursula and her Companion Virgins, Martyrs at Cologne under the Huns. October 21.
Ursus, Bishop of Ravenna. April 13.
Ursus, Bishop of Auxerre. July 30.
Ursus, a soldier, Martyr at Solothurn under Maximian, below with Victor. September 30.
Usthazanes, Martyr in Persia under Shapur, above with Simeon. April 21.
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Valens, a Bishop, with three boys, Martyrs. May 21.
Valens, a Deacon, Paul, and nine others, Martyrs at Caesarea under Galerius Maximian. June 1.
Valens, Bishop of Verona. July 26.
Valentina and her Companion Virgins, Martyrs in Palestine. July 25.
Valentinus, a Priest, Martyr at Rome under Claudius. February 14.
Valentinus, Bishop of Terni and Martyr. February 14.
Valentinus, Bishop of Trier and Martyr. July 16.
Valentinus, Bishop and Confessor, above with Maximian. October 29.
Valentinus, a Priest, and Hilarius, a Deacon, Martyrs at Viterbo under Maximian. November 3.
Valentinus, Felicianus, and Victorinus, Martyrs at Ravenna under Diocletian. November 11.
Valentinus, Solutor, and Victor, Martyrs at Ravenna under Diocletian. November 13.
Valentinus, a military commander, his son Concordius, together with Navalis and Agricola, Martyrs at Ravenna under Maximian. December 16.
Valentio, Martyr at Dorostorum, above with Pasicrates. May 25.
Valeria, Martyr at Milan. April 28.
Valeria, Martyr at Caesarea, below with Zenais. June 5.
Valeria, a Virgin, Martyr at Limoges. December 9.
Valerian, Martyr at Rome under Alexander, above with his brother Tiburtius. April 14.
Valerian, Martyr at Antioch, above with Restitutus. August 23.
Valerian, Martyr at Alexandria under Maximinus, above with Hieronides. September 12.
Valerian, Martyr in the territory of Chalon. September 15.
Valerian, Macrinus, and Gordian, Martyrs at Noyon. September 17.
Valerian, Bishop of Aquileia. November 27.
Valerian, Urbanus, Crescens, Eustachius, Cresconius, Crescentianus, Felix, Hortulanus, and Florentianus, Bishops, Confessors in Africa under Genseric. November 28.
Valerian, a Bishop, Confessor in Africa under Genseric. December 15.
Valerius, Bishop of Zaragoza. January 28.
Valerius, a disciple of blessed Peter, Bishop of Trier. January 29.
Valerius and Rufinus, Martyrs at Soissons under Diocletian. June 14.
Valerius, Martyr in Africa, above with Rufinus. November 16.
Varicus, Martyr in Africa, above with Secundus. November 15.
Varus, a soldier, and seven Monks, Martyrs in Egypt under Maximinus. October 19.
Vedastus, Bishop of Arras. February 6.
Venantius, Bishop and Martyr. April 1.
Venantius, a boy of fifteen years, and ten others, Martyrs at Camerino under Decius. May 18.
Venantius, an Abbot, at Tours. October 13.
Veneranda, a Virgin, Martyr in Gaul under Antoninus. November 14.
Venerandus, Martyr at Troyes under Aurelian. November 14.
Venerius, Bishop of Milan. May 4.
Venerius, a Hermit, on the island of Palmaria. September 13.
Venustianus, a Governor, with his wife and children, Martyrs at Spoleto under Maximian, above with Sabinus. December 30.
Venustus, Martyr in Africa, above with Heliodorus. May 6.
Venustus, Martyr at Rome, above with Faustinus. May 22.
Veranus, a Bishop, in the territory of Orleans. October 19.
Veranus, Bishop of Lyon. November 11.
Verecundus, Bishop of Verona. October 22.
Verena, a Virgin, at Bad Zurzach. September 1.
Verianus, Martyr in Tuscany under Decius, above with Secundianus. August 9.
Veridiana, a Virgin recluse of the Order of Vallombrosa, at Castelfiorentino. February 1.
Verissimus and his sisters Maxima and Julia, Martyrs at Lisbon under Diocletian. October 1.
Veronica of Binasco, a Virgin of the Order of Saint Augustine, at Milan. January 13.
Veronica Giuliani, a Virgin and Abbess of the Second Order of Saint Francis, at Citta di Castello. July 9.
Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus, and sixteen others, Martyrs at Hadrumetum under the Vandals. February 21.
Verus, Bishop of Vienne. August 1.
Verus, Bishop of Salerno. October 23.
Vestina, Martyr at Carthage, above among the Scillitan Martyrs. July 17.
Vettius Epagathus, Martyr at Lyon under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus, above with Pothinus. July 2.
Veturius, Martyr at Carthage, above among the Scillitan Martyrs. July 17.
Viator, a Lector, a Solitary who died in Egypt, at Lyon. October 21. — The Translation of the same Viator and of Justus, at Lyon. September 2.
Viator, Bishop of Bergamo. December 14.
Victor, Martyr at Embrun under Diocletian, below with Vincent. January 22.
Victor, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Saturninus. January 31.
Victor, Martyr in Egypt under Numerian, below with Victorinus. February 25.
Victor, in the territory of Archiac. February 26.
Victor, Victorinus, Claudianus, and the latter's wife Bassa, Martyrs at Nicomedia. March 6.
Victor, Martyr in Africa. March 10.
Victor, a Martyr, above with his mother Photina. March 20.
Victor, Martyr at Thessalonica, above with Domninus. March 30.
Victor and Stephen, Martyrs in Egypt. April 1.
Victor, Bishop of Capua. April 2.
Victor, a catechumen, Martyr at Braga. April 12.
Victor, Zoticus, Zeno, Acindynus, Caesareus, Severianus, Chrysophorus, Theonas, and Antoninus, Martyrs at Nicomedia under Diocletian. April 20.
Victor, a soldier, a Moor by nationality, Martyr at Milan under Maximian. May 8.
Victor and Corona, Martyrs in Syria under Antoninus. May 14.
Victor, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Adrion. May 17.
Victor, Alexander, Felicianus, and Longinus, soldiers, Martyrs at Marseilles. June 21.
Victor, a soldier, and Stercatius and Antinogenes, brothers, Martyrs at Merida under Diocletian. July 24.
Victor, Pope the First, Martyr at Rome. July 28.
Victor, Bishop of Utica (or rather of Vita). August 23.
Victor, Martyr in Spain. August 26.
Victor, a Bishop, Martyr in Africa under Valerian and Gallienus, above with Nemesianus. September 10.
Victor, Martyr at Chalcedon under Diocletian, above with Sosthenes. September 10.
Victor, Martyr in Africa, above with Crescentianus. September 14.
Victor, Pope the Third, at Monte Cassino. September 16.
Victor, a soldier, Martyr at Sion under Maximian, above with Maurice. September 22.
Victor and Ursus, soldiers, Martyrs at Solothurn under Maximian. September 30.
Victor and Companions, Martyrs in the territory of Cologne. October 10.
Victor, Alexander, and Marianus, Martyrs. October 17.
Victor, Martyr in Africa, above with Publius. November 2.
Victor, Martyr at Ravenna under Diocletian, above with Valentinus. November 13.
Victor, Martyr at Nicomedia, above with Ambicus. December 3.
Victor, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, above with Irenaeus. December 15.
Victor, Martyr in Africa, below with Victurus. December 18.
Victor, Martyr in Africa, above with Castor. December 28.
Victor, Martyr in Africa, above with Dominicus. December 29.
Victoria, Martyr at Cordoba under Diocletian, above with her brother Acisclus. November 17.
Victoria, a Virgin, Martyr at Rome under Decius. December 23.
Victorianus, Proconsul of Carthage, together with two brothers from Aix-la-Chapelle, Frumentius a merchant, and another Frumentius also a merchant, Martyrs in Africa under Hunneric. March 23.
Victorianus, Martyr in Isauria, above with Aquilinus. May 16.
Victorianus, Martyr among the Marsi under Antoninus, above with his father Simplicius. August 26.
Victoricus, Martyr in Africa under Valerian, above with Montanus. February 24.
Victoricus, Fuscianus, and their host Gentianus, Martyrs at Amiens under Maximian. December 11.
Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudianus, Dioscorus, Serapion, and Papias, Martyrs in Egypt under Numerian. February 25.
Victorinus, Martyr at Nicomedia, above with Victor. March 6.
Victorinus, Martyr at Nicomedia, above with Pastor. March 29.
Victorinus, Martyr under Trajan, above with Maro. April 15.
Victorinus, Martyr at Clermont, above with Cassius. May 15.
Victorinus, at Camerino. June 8.
Victorinus, Martyr at Rome, above with Claudius. July 7.
Victorinus, Bishop of Amiternum, Martyr at Cutiliae under Nerva Trajan, at Rome. September 5.
Victorinus, Martyr at Messina, above with his brother Placidus. October 5.
Victorinus, Bishop of Poetovio, Martyr under Diocletian. November 2.
Victorinus, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian, above among the Four Crowned Martyrs. November 8.
Victorinus, Martyr at Ravenna under Diocletian, above with Valentinus. November 11.
Victorinus, Martyr in Africa, above with Severus. December 2.
Victorinus, Martyr in Africa, below with Victurus. December 18.
Victorius, Martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia, above with Polyeuctus. May 21.
Victorius, Bishop of Le Mans. September 1.
Victorius, Martyr at Leon under Diocletian and Maximian, above with his brother Claudius. October 30.
Victricius, formerly a soldier, Bishop of Rouen, Confessor under Julian. August 7.
Victurus, Victor, Victorinus, Adjutor, Quartus, and thirty others, Martyrs in Africa. December 18.
Vigilius, Bishop of Trent and Martyr. June 26.
Vigilius, Bishop of Brescia. September 26.
Vigor, Bishop of Bayeux. November 1.
Vincentia Gerosa, Virgin, Co-foundress with Saint Bartholomea Capitanio of the Institute of the Sisters of Charity, at Lovere. June 28.
Vincent Mary Strambi, of the Congregation called of the Cross and Passion of the Lord, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, at Rome. January 1.
Vincent the Deacon, Martyr at Valencia. January 22.
Vincent, Orontius, and Victor, Martyrs at Embrun under Diocletian. January 22.
Vincent, Martyr, above with Dativus. January 27.
Vincent Ferrer, of the Order of Preachers, at Vannes, in Brittany. April 5.
Vincent, Martyr at Collioure. April 19.
Vincent the African, at Embrun, above with Marcellinus. April 20.
Vincent, Martyr at Porto Romano. May 24.
Vincent the Priest, in the monastery of Lerins. May 24.
Vincent the Deacon, Martyr at Agen. June 9.
Vincent, Martyr at Rome. July 24.
Vincent the Subdeacon, Martyr at Rome under Valerian, below with Sixtus. August 6.
Vincent, Martyr at Rome under Commodus, above with Eusebius. August 25.
Vincent and Laetus, Martyrs in Spain. September 1.
Vincent the Abbot, Martyr at Leon. September 11.
Vincent de Paul the Priest, Founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Mission and of the Daughters of Charity, at Paris. September 27 and July 19.
Vincent, Sabina, and Christeta, Martyrs at Avila. October 27.
Vindemialis, Eugenius, and Longinus, Bishops, Martyrs under Huneric. May 2.
Vindonius, in Campania, Confessor under the Vandals, above with Priscus. September 1.
Virgilius, Bishop of Salzburg. November 27.
Vissia the Virgin, Martyr at Fermo. April 12.
Pope Vitalian, at Rome. January 27.
Vitalian, Bishop of Capua. July 16.
Vitalicus the boy, Martyr at Ancyra, above with Rufinus. September 4.
Vitalis, Revocatus, and Fortunatus, Martyrs at Smyrna. January 9.
Vitalis, Martyr in Africa, above with Epictetus. January 9.
Vitalis, Felicula, and Zeno, Martyrs at Rome. February 14.
Vitalis, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Arator. April 21.
Vitalis, Martyr at Ravenna. April 28.
Vitalis, Martyr in Campania under Diocletian, above with Ariston. July 2.
Vitalis, Martyr at Rome under Antoninus, above among the Seven Brothers. July 10.
Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus, of the Twelve Brothers, Martyrs at Velletri under Maximian. August 29. — The feast of the same Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus and the remaining Brothers, above with Donatus, at Sentiana. September 1.
Vitalis the soldier, Martyr at Sion under Maximian, above with Maurice. September 22.
Vitalis, Martyr at Caesarea, in Cappadocia, under Decius, above with Germanus. November 3.
Vitalis and his master Agricola, Martyrs at Bologna. November 4.
Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, Martyrs at the river Silarus, in Lucania, under Diocletian. June 15.
Viventiolus, Bishop of Lyon. July 12.
Viventius, in the monastery of Verzy. January 13.
Vivian, Bishop of Saintes. August 28.
Volusian, Bishop of Tours, Confessor under the Goths. January 18.
Wulmar the Abbot, in the district of Boulogne, in Gaul. July 20.
Vulpian, Martyr at Tyre under Maximian Galerius. April 3.
W
Walburga the Virgin, daughter of the King of the English, in the monastery of Heidenheim. February 25.
Waldetrudis, at Mons, in Hainaut. April 9.
Waleric the Abbot, near Amiens. April 1.
Walfrid, Bishop of York. October 12.
Wallabonsus the Deacon, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Peter. June 7.
Wandregisilus the Abbot, in the monastery of Fontenelle. July 22.
Wenceslaus, Duke of Bohemia, Martyr at Old Boleslav. September 28.
Winifred the Virgin, Martyr in England. November 3.
Wigbert the Priest, at Fritzlar. August 13.
Wilgefortis the Virgin, Martyr in Portugal. July 20.
Willibald, son of the King of the English, first Bishop of Eichstatt. July 7.
Willehad, first Bishop of Bremen, in the village of Blexen. November 8.
William, Bishop of Bourges. January 10.
William, Bishop of York. June 8.
Willibrord, Bishop of Utrecht, in Frisia. November 7.
Winnoc the Abbot, at Bergues. November 6.
Wiro, a Scottish Bishop, at Roermond. May 8.
Wistremund the Monk, Martyr at Cordoba, above with Peter. June 7.
Wivina the Virgin, at Bigard. December 17.
Wolfgang, Bishop of Regensburg. October 31.
Wulfran, Bishop of Sens, in the monastery of Fontenelle. March 20.
Wulstan, Bishop of Worcester. January 19.
X
Xanthippa and Polyxena, disciples of the Apostles, in Spain. September 23.
Pope Sixtus I, Martyr at Rome under Antoninus Pius. April 3.
Pope Sixtus II, Felicissimus and Agapitus the Deacons, Januarius, Magnus, Vincent, and Stephen, Subdeacons, and Quartus, Martyrs at Rome under Valerian. August 6.
Pope Sixtus III, at Rome. August 19.
Sixtus, first Bishop of Rheims. September 1.
Z
Zacchaeus, Bishop of Jerusalem. August 23.
Zacchaeus, Martyr in Palestine under Diocletian, above with Alphaeus. November 17.
Pope Zacharias, at Rome. March 22.
Zacharias, Bishop of Vienne, Martyr under Trajan. May 6.
Zacharias, Martyr at Nicomedia. June 10.
Zacharias the Prophet, in Palestine. September 6.
Zacharias, father of Saint John the Baptist, Priest and Prophet. November 5.
Zama, first Bishop of Bologna. January 24.
Zambdas, Bishop of Jerusalem. February 19.
Zanitas, Lazarus, Marotas, Narses, and five others, Martyrs in Persia under Shapur. March 27.
Zebinas, Martyr at Caesarea under Galerius Maximian, above with Antoninus. November 13.
Zenais, Cyria, Valeria, and Marcia, Martyrs at Caesarea. June 5.
Zenais and Philonilla, sisters, kinsfolk and disciples of blessed Paul, at Tarsus. October 11.
Zenas the servant, Martyr at Philadelphia, in Arabia, below with his master Zeno. June 23.
Zeno, Martyr at Rome, above with Vitalis. February 14.
Zeno, Martyr. April 5.
Zeno, Bishop of Verona, Martyr under Gallienus. April 12. — The ordination of the same Zeno, at Verona. December 8.
Zeno, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, above with Victor. April 20.
Zeno and his servant Zenas, Martyrs at Philadelphia, in Arabia. June 23.
Zeno and ten thousand two hundred and three others, Martyrs at Rome. July 9.
Zeno, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Philip. July 15.
Zeno together with his sons Concordius and Theodore, Martyrs at Nicomedia. September 2.
Zeno and Chariton, Martyrs. September 3.
Zeno the soldier, Martyr at Melitene under Diocletian, above with Eudoxius. September 5.
Zeno, Martyr at Gaza under Julian, above with his brother Eusebius. September 8.
Zeno the soldier, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Ammon. December 20.
Zeno the soldier, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian. December 22.
Zeno, Bishop of Maiuma. December 26.
Zenobia, Martyr at Aegae under Diocletian, below with her brother Zenobius. October 30.
Zenobius, Bishop of Florence. May 25.
Zenobius the Priest, Martyr at Sidon under Diocletian. October 29. — The same Zenobius, above with Tyrannio and others, commemorated among the innumerable Martyrs at Tyre under Diocletian. February 20.
Zenobius, Bishop of Aegae, and his sister Zenobia, Martyrs at Aegae under Diocletian. October 30.
Zenobius, Martyr at Tripoli, above with Lucian. December 24.
Pope Zephyrinus, Martyr at Rome. December 20 and August 26.
Zeticus, Martyr in Crete under Decius, above with Theodulus. December 23.
Zita the Virgin, at Lucca. April 27.
Zoa, Martyr at Rome under Diocletian. July 5.
Zoe, Martyr at Attalia under Hadrian, above with her husband Exuperius. May 2.
Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Diocles, Martyrs in Istria. May 24.
Zoilus and nineteen others, Martyrs at Cordoba. June 27.
Zosima, Martyr at Porto Romano, above with Eutropius. July 15.
Zosimus and Athanasius the Keeper of the Prison Records, Martyrs in Cilicia. January 3.
Zosimus, Martyr at Carthage, above with Heraclius. March 11.
Zosimus, Bishop of Syracuse. March 30.
Zosimus the Anchorite, in Palestine. April 4.
Zosimus, Martyr at Sozopolis under Trajan. June 19.
Zosimus, Martyr at Antioch in Pisidia, above with Marcus. September 28.
Zosimus, in Palestine. November 30.
Zosimus, Martyr at Antioch, above with Drusus. December 14.
Zosimus, disciple of the Apostles, Martyr at Philippi, above with Rufus. December 18.
Zosimus, Martyr at Nicaea, above with Darius. December 19.
Zosimus, Pope, at Rome. December 26.
Zoticus, Rogatus, Modestus, Castulus, and forty soldiers, Martyrs in Africa. January 12.
Zoticus, Martyr at Tivoli. January 12.
Zoticus, Martyr at Alexandria, above with Tharsicius. January 31.
Zoticus, Irenaeus, Hyacinthus, and Amantius, Martyrs at Rome. February 10.
Zoticus, Martyr at Nicomedia under Diocletian, above with Victor. April 20.
Zoticus, Bishop of Comana in Armenia, Martyr under Severus. July 21.
Zoticus, Martyr at Nicomedia under Maximian, above with Agathonicus. August 22.
Zoticus the soldier, Martyr at Nicomedia, above with Dasius. October 21.
Zoticus, Roman Priest, nourisher of orphans, at Constantinople. December 31.
St. Evaristus, Greek, 99 or 96–108.
6. St. Alexander I, Roman, 108 or 109–116 or 119.
St. Sixtus I, Roman, 117 or 119–126 or 128.
8. St. Telesphorus, Greek, 127 or 128–137 or 138.
9. St. Hyginus, Greek, 138–142 or 149.
10. St. Pius I, of Aquileia, 142 or 146–157 or 161.
11. St. Anicetus, of Emesa (Syria), 150 or 157–153 or 168.
12. St. Soter, of Fondi (Campania), 162 or 168–170 or 177.
13. St. Eleutherius, of Nicopolis (Epirus), 171 or 177–185 or 193.
14. St. Victor I, African, 186 or 189–197 or 201.
15. St. Zephyrinus, Roman, 198–217 or 218.
16. St. Callixtus I, Roman, 218–222.
[St. Hippolytus, Roman, 217–235]. [Antipope]
17. St. Urban I, Roman, 222–230.
18. St. Pontian, Roman, July 21, 230–September 28, 235.
19. St. Anterus, Greek, November 21, 235–January 3, 236.
20. St. Fabian, Roman, ... 236–January 20, 250.
21. St. Cornelius, Roman, March 6 or 13, 251–... June 253.
[Novatian, Roman, 251]. [Antipope]
22. St. Lucius I, Roman, ... June or July 253–March 5, 254.
23. St. Stephen I, Roman, March 12, 254–August 2, 257.
24. St. Sixtus II, Greek, August 30, 257–August 6, 258.
25. St. Dionysius, of unknown homeland, July 22, 259–December 26, 268.
26. St. Felix I, Roman, January 5, 269–December 30, 274.
27. St. Eutychian, of Luni, January 4, 275–December 7, 283.
The Supreme Roman Pontiffs According to the Chronotaxis of the Liber Pontificalis and Its Sources, Continued to the Present
1. Saint Peter of Bethsaida in Galilee, Prince of the Apostles, who received from Jesus Christ the supreme Pontifical Authority to be transmitted to his Successors; he resided first in Antioch, then, as the Chronographer reports, for 25 years in Rome, where he met his martyrdom in the Year of Our Lord 67.
2. St. Linus, of Tuscia, 68–79.
3. St. Anacletus or Cletus, Roman, 80–92.
4. St. Clement, Roman, 92–99 (or 68–76).
5. St. Evaristus, Greek, 99 or 96–108.
6. St. Alexander I, Roman, 108 or 109–116 or 119.
7. St. Sixtus I, Roman, 117 or 119–126 or 128.
8. St. Telesphorus, Greek, 127 or 128–137 or 138.
9. St. Hyginus, Greek, 138–142 or 149.
10. St. Pius I, of Aquileia, 142 or 146–157 or 161.
11. St. Anicetus, of Emesa (Syria), 150 or 157–153 or 168.
12. St. Soter, of Fondi (Campania), 162 or 168–170 or 177.
13. St. Eleutherius, of Nicopolis (Epirus), 171 or 177–185 or 193.
14. St. Victor I, African, 186 or 189–197 or 201.
15. St. Zephyrinus, Roman, 198–217 or 218.
16. St. Callixtus I, Roman, 218–222.
[Antipope: St. Hippolytus, Roman, 217–235]
17. St. Urban I, Roman, 222–230.
18. St. Pontian, Roman, July 21, 230–September 28, 235.
19. St. Anterus, Greek, November 21, 235–January 3, 236.
20. St. Fabian, Roman, ... 236–January 20, 250.
21. St. Cornelius, Roman, March 6 or 13, 251–... June 253.
[Antipope: Novatian, Roman, 251]
22. St. Lucius I, Roman, ... June or July 253–March 5, 254.
23. St. Stephen I, Roman, March 12, 254–August 2, 257.
24. St. Sixtus II, Greek, August 30, 257–August 6, 258.
25. St. Dionysius, of unknown homeland, July 22, 259–December 26, 268.
26. St. Felix I, Roman, January 5, 269–December 30, 274.
27. St. Eutychian, of Luni, January 4, 275–December 7, 283.
28. St. Caius, Dalmatian, December 17, 283–April 22, 296.
29. St. Marcellinus, Roman, June 30, 296–October 25, 304.
30. St. Marcellus I, Roman, 306–January 16, 309.
31. St. Eusebius, Greek, April 18, 309–August 17, 309.
32. St. Miltiades or Melchiades, African, July 2, 311–January 10, 314.
33. St. Sylvester I, Roman, January 31, 314–December 31, 335.
34. St. Mark, Roman, January 18, 336–October 7, 336.
35. St. Julius I, Roman, February 6, 337–April 12, 352.
36. Liberius, Roman, May 17, 352–September 24, 366.
[Antipope: Felix II, Roman, ... 355–November 22, 365]
37. St. Damasus I, Roman, October 1, 366–December 11, 384.
[Antipope: Ursinus, September 24, 366–... 367]
38. St. Siricius, Roman, December 15 or 22 or 29, 384–November 26, 399.
39. St. Anastasius I, Roman, November 27, 399–December 19, 401.
40. St. Innocent I, of Albano, December 22, 401–March 12, 417.
41. St. Zosimus, Greek, March 18, 417–December 26, 418.
42. St. Boniface I, Roman, December 28–29, 418–September 4, 422.
[Antipope: Eulalius, December 27–29, 418–April 3, 419]
43. St. Celestine I, of Campania, September 10, 422–July 27, 432.
44. St. Sixtus III, Roman, July 31, 432–August 19, 440.
45. St. Leo I, the Great, of Tuscia, September 29, 440–November 10, 461.
46. St. Hilarus, Sardinian, November 19, 461–February 29, 468.
47. St. Simplicius, of Tivoli, March 3, 468–March 10, 483.
48. St. Felix III (II), Roman, March 13, 483–February 25 or March 1, 492.
49. St. Gelasius I, African, March 1, 492–November 21, 496.
50. Anastasius II, Roman, November 24, 496–November 19, 498.
51. St. Symmachus, Sardinian, November 22, 498–July 19, 514.
[Antipope: Lawrence, November 22, 498–... 499 ... 502–... 506]
52. St. Hormisdas, of Frosinone, July 20, 514–August 6, 523.
53. St. John I, of Tuscia, Martyr, August 13, 523–May 18, 526.
54. St. Felix IV (III), of Samnium, July 12, 526–September 20 or 22, 530.
55. Boniface II, Roman, September 20 or 22, 530–October 17, 532.
[Antipope: Dioscorus, of Alexandria, September 20 or 22, 530–October 14, 530]
56. John II, Roman, Mercurius, December 31, 532 / January 2, 533–May 8, 535.
57. St. Agapetus I, Roman, May 13, 535–April 22, 536.
58. St. Silverius, of Frosinone, Martyr, June 8, 536–... 537.
59. Vigilius, Roman, March 29, 537–June 7, 555.
60. Pelagius I, Roman, April 16, 556–March 4, 561.
61. John III, Roman, Catelinus, July 17, 561–July 13, 574.
62. Benedict I, Roman, June 2, 575–July 30, 579.
63. Pelagius II, Roman, November 26, 579–February 7, 590.
64. St. Gregory I, the Great, Roman, September 3, 590–March 12, 604.
65. Sabinian, of Blera in Tuscia, ... III, September 13, 604–February 22, 606.
66. Boniface III, Roman, February 19, 607–November 10, 607.
67. St. Boniface IV, of the territory of the Marsi, August 25, 608–May 8, 615.
68. St. Deusdedit or Adeodatus I, Roman, October 19, 615–November 8, 618.
69. Boniface V, of Naples, December 23, 619–October 23, 625.
70. Honorius I, of Campania, October 27, 625–October 12, 638.
71. Severinus, Roman, ... October 638, May 28, 640–August 2, 640.
72. John IV, Dalmatian, ... August, December 24, 640–October 12, 642.
73. Theodore I, of Jerusalem, October 12 / November 24, 642–May 14, 649.
74. St. Martin I, of Todi, Martyr, July 5, 649–September 16, 655.
75. St. Eugene I, Roman, August 10, 654–June 2, 657.
76. St. Vitalian, of Segni, July 30, 657–January 27, 672.
77. Adeodatus II, Roman, April 11, 672–June 16, 676.
78. Donus, Roman, November 2, 676–April 11, 678.
79. St. Agatho, Sicilian, June 27, 678–January 10, 681.
80. St. Leo II, Sicilian, ... January 681 / August 17, 682–July 3, 683.
81. St. Benedict II, Roman, June 26, 684–May 8, 685.
82. John V, Syrian, July 23, 685–August 2, 686.
83. Conon, of unknown homeland, October 23, 686–September 21, 687.
[Antipope: Theodore, ... 687]
[Antipope: Paschal, ... 687]
84. St. Sergius I, Syrian, December 15, 687–September 7, 701.
85. John VI, Greek, October 30, 701–January 11, 705.
86. John VII, Greek, March 1, 705–October 18, 707.
87. Sisinnius, Syrian, January 15, 708–February 4, 708.
88. Constantine, Syrian, March 25, 708–April 9, 715.
89. St. Gregory II, Roman, May 19, 715–February 11, 731.
90. St. Gregory III, Syrian, March 18, 731–November 28, 741.
91. St. Zachary, Greek, December 3, 741–March 15, 752.
92. Stephen II (III), Roman, March 26, 752–April 26, 757.
93. St. Paul I, Roman, ... April / May 29, 757–June 28, 767.
[Antipope: Constantine, of Nepi, June 28 / July 5, 767–July 30, 768]
[Antipope: Philip, July 31, 768]
94. Stephen III (IV), Sicilian, August 1 / 7, 768–January 24, 772.
95. Adrian I, Roman, February 1 / 9, 772–December 25, 795.
96. St. Leo III, Roman, December 26–27, 795–June 12, 816.
97. Stephen IV (V), Roman, June 22, 816–January 24, 817.
98. St. Paschal I, Roman, January 25, 817–... February/May 824.
99. Eugene II, Roman, ... May 11, 824–August 827.
100. Valentine, Roman, ... August 827–... September 827.
101. Gregory IV, Roman, ... September 827 / March 29, 828–January 25, 844.
[Antipope: John, January 25, 844]
102. Sergius II, Roman, January 25, 844–January 27, 847.
103. St. Leo IV, Roman, ... January / April 10, 847–July 17, 855.
104. Benedict III, Roman, ... July / September 29, 855–April 17, 858.
[Antipope: Anastasius, the Librarian, September 21–24, 855. Died c. 878]
105. St. Nicholas I, the Great, Roman, April 24, 858–November 13, 867.
106. Adrian II, Roman, December 14, 867–... November or December 872.
107. John VIII, Roman, December 14, 872–December 16, 882.
108. Marinus I, of Gallese, ... December 882–May 15, 884.
109. St. Adrian III, Roman, May 17, 884–... August or September 885 (his cult was confirmed June 2, 1891).
110. Stephen V (VI), Roman, ... September 885–September 14, 891.
111. Formosus, Bishop of Porto, October 6, 891–April 4, 896.
112. Boniface VI, Roman, April 11, 896–April 26, 896.
113. Stephen VI (VII), Roman, ... May or June 896–... July or August 897.
114. Romanus, of Gallese, ... July or August 897–... November 897.
115. Theodore II, Roman, ... December 897–... December 897 or January 898.
116. John IX, of Tivoli, ... December 897 or January 898–... May 1, 900.
117. Benedict IV, Roman, c. May 1, 900 – c. July 903.
118. Leo V, of Ardea, c. July 903 – c. September 903.
[Antipope: Christopher, Roman, c. September 903 – c. January 904]
119. Sergius III, Roman, January 29, 904 – April 14, 911.
120. Anastasius III, Roman, c. June or September 911 – c. June, August, or October 913.
121. Lando, of Sabina, c. July or November 913 – c. March 914.
122. John X, of Tossignano (Imola), c. March or April 914 – c. May or June 928.
123. Leo VI, Roman, c. May or June 928 – c. December 928 or January 929.
124. Stephen VII (VIII), Roman, c. January 929 – c. February 931.
125. John XI, Roman, c. March 931 – c. January 936.
126. Leo VII, Roman, c. January 936 – July 13, 939.
127. Stephen VIII (IX), Roman, July 14, 939 – c. October 942.
128. Marinus II, Roman, October 30, c. November 942 – c. May 946.
129. Agapetus II, Roman, May 10, 946 – c. December 955.
130. John XII, Octavian, of the counts of Tusculum, December 16, 955 – May 14, 964.
131. Leo VIII, Roman, December 4 and 6, 963 – c. March 965.
132. Benedict V, Roman, c. May 964 – July 4, 964 or 965.
133. John XIII, Roman, October 1, 965 – September 6, 972.
134. Benedict VI, Roman, c. December 972, January 19, 973 – c. July 974.
[Antipope: Boniface VII, Roman, Franco, c. June – c. July 974; then c. August 984 – July 20, 985]
135. Benedict VII, Roman, c. October 974 – July 10, 983.
136. John XIV, of Pavia, Peter, c. November or December 983 – August 20, 984.
137. John XV, Roman, c. August 985 – c. March 996.
138. Gregory V, of Saxony, Bruno of the ducal house of Carinthia, May 3, 996 – c. February or March 999.
[Antipope: John XVI, of Rossano, John Philagathos, c. February or March 997 – c. May 998]
139. Sylvester II, of Aquitaine, Gerbert, April 2, 999 – May 12, 1003.
140. John XVII, Roman, Sicco, May 16, 1003 – November 6, 1003.
141. John XVIII, Roman, Fasanus, December 25, 1003 – c. June or July 1009.
142. Sergius IV, Roman, Peter, July 31, 1009 – May 12, 1012.
143. Benedict VIII, Theophylact of the counts of Tusculum, May 18, 1012 – April 9, 1024.
[Antipope: Gregory, c. May – c. December 1012]
144. John XIX, Roman, of the counts of Tusculum, April 19, 1024 – c. 1032.
145. Benedict IX, Theophylact of the counts of Tusculum, c. August or September 1032 – c. September 1044.
146. Sylvester III, Roman, John, January 13 or 20, 1045 – c. March 1045.
147. Benedict IX (second time), March 10, 1045 – May 1, 1045.
148. Gregory VI, Roman, John Gratian, May 1, 1045 – December 20, 1046.
149. Clement II, of Saxony, Suidger of the lords of Morsleben and Horneburg, December 24, 1046 – October 9, 1047.
150. Benedict IX (third time), c. October 1047 – c. July 1048.
151. Damasus II, of Tyrol, Poppo, July 17, 1048 – August 9, 1048.
152. St. Leo IX, Alsatian, Bruno of the counts of Egisheim, February 2 and 12, 1049 – April 19, 1054.
153. Victor II, Swabian, Gebhard of the counts of Dollnstein-Hirschberg, April 13, 1055 – July 28, 1057.
154. Stephen IX (X), of Lorraine, Frederick of the dukes of Lorraine, August 2 and 3, 1057 – March 29, 1058.
[Antipope: Benedict X, Roman, John, April 5, 1058 – c. January 1059. Died: unknown]
155. Nicholas II, of Burgundy, Gerard, c. December 1058, January 24, 1059 – July 27, 1061.
156. Alexander II, of Baggio (Milan), Anselm, September 30 and October 1, 1061 – April 21, 1073.
[Antipope: Honorius II, of the Veronese territory, Cadalus, October 28, 1061 – May 31, 1064. Died: 1071 or 1072]
157. St. Gregory VII, of Tuscany, Hildebrand, April 22 and June 30, 1073 – May 25, 1085.
[Antipope: Clement III, of Parma, Wibert, June 25, 1080, March 24, 1084 – September 8, 1100]
158. Bl. Victor III, of Benevento, Dauferius (Desiderius), May 24, 1086, May 9, 1087 – September 16, 1087 (his cult was confirmed July 23, 1887).
159. Bl. Urban II, of Chatillon-sur-Marne, Odo of Lagery, March 12, 1088 – July 29, 1099 (his cult was confirmed July 14, 1881).
160. Paschal II, of Bleda or Galeata (Ravenna), Rainerius, August 13 and 14, 1099 – January 21, 1118.
[Antipope: Theodoric, Bishop of Albano, c. 1100. Died: 1102]
[Antipope: Albert, Bishop of Sabina, c. 1101]
[Antipope: Sylvester IV, Roman, Maginulf, November 18, 1105 – April 12 or 13, 1111]
161. Gelasius II, of Gaeta, John Caetani, January 24 and March 10, 1118 – January 28, 1119.
[Antipope: Gregory VIII, French, Maurice Burdinus, March 10, 1118 – April 22, 1121. Died: unknown]
162. Callixtus II, Guy of Burgundy, February 2 and 9, 1119 – December 13 or 14, 1124.
163. Honorius II, of Fagnano (Imola), Lambert Scannabecchi, December 15 and 21, 1124 – February 13 or 14, 1130.
[Antipope: Celestine II, Roman, Theobald Buccapecus, c. December 1124]
164. Innocent II, Roman, Gregory Papareschi, February 14 and 23, 1130 – September 24, 1143.
[Antipope: Anacletus II, Roman, Peter Pierleoni, February 14 and 23, 1130 – January 25, 1138]
[Antipope: Victor IV, of Ceccano, Gregory, c. March 1138 – May 29, 1138. Died: unknown]
165. Celestine II, of Citta di Castello, Guy, September 26 and October 3, 1143 – March 8, 1144.
166. Lucius II, of Bologna, Gerard, March 12, 1144 – February 15, 1145.
167. Bl. Eugene III, of Pisa, Bernard, February 15 and 18, 1145 – July 8, 1153 (his cult was confirmed October 3, 1872).
168. Anastasius IV, Roman, Conrad, July 12, 1153 – December 3, 1154.
169. Adrian IV, of Abbot's Langley (Hertfordshire), Nicholas Breakspear, December 4 and 5, 1154 – September 1, 1159.
170. Alexander III, of Siena, Roland Bandinelli, September 7 and 20, 1159 – August 30, 1181.
[Antipope: Victor IV, Octavian of the lords of Monticelli (Tivoli), September 7 and October 4, 1159 – April 20, 1164]
[Antipope: Paschal III, Guy of Crema, April 22 and 26, 1164 – September 20, 1168]
[Antipope: Callixtus III, John, abbot of Strumi (Arezzo), c. September 1168 – August 29, 1178]
[Antipope: Innocent III, of Sezze, Lando, September 29, 1179 – c. January 1180]
171. Lucius III, of Lucca, Ubaldo Allucingoli, September 1 and 6, 1181 – November 25, 1185.
172. Urban III, of Milan, Hubert Crivelli, November 25 and December 1, 1185 – October 20, 1187.
173. Gregory VIII, of Benevento, Albert de Morra, October 21 and 25, 1187 – December 17, 1187.
174. Clement III, Roman, Paul Scolari, December 19 and 20, 1187 – c. March 1191.
175. Celestine III, Roman, Hyacinth Bobone, April 10 and 14, 1191 – January 8, 1198.
176. Innocent III, of Gavignano (Rome), Lothar of the counts of Segni, January 8 and February 22, 1198 – July 16, 1216.
177. Honorius III, Roman, Cencio, July 18 and 24, 1216 – March 18, 1227.
178. Gregory IX, of Anagni, Ugolino of the counts of Segni, March 19 and 21, 1227 – August 22, 1241.
179. Celestine IV, of Milan, Godfrey of Castiglione, October 25 and 28, 1241 – November 10, 1241.
180. Innocent IV, of Lavagna (Genoa), Sinibald Fieschi, June 25 and 28, 1243 – December 7, 1254.
181. Alexander IV, of Jenne (Rome), Rinaldo of the lords of Jenne, December 12 and 20, 1254 – May 25, 1261.
182. Urban IV, of Troyes, Jacques Pantaleon, August 29 and September 4, 1261 – October 2, 1264.
183. Clement IV, of Saint-Gilles (southern France), Guy Foucois, February 5 and 22, 1265 – November 29, 1268.
184. Bl. Gregory X, of Piacenza, Theobald Visconti, September 1, 1271 and March 27, 1272 – January 10, 1276 (his cult was confirmed September 12, 1713).
185. Bl. Innocent V, of Savoy, Peter of Tarentaise, January 21 and February 22, 1276 – June 22, 1276 (his cult was confirmed March 14, 1898).
186. Adrian V, of Genoa, Ottobuono Fieschi, July 11, 1276 – August 18, 1276.
187. John XXI, of Lisbon, Peter of Juliani or Peter of Spain, September 16 and 20, 1276 – May 20, 1277.
188. Nicholas III, Roman, John Gaetano Orsini, November 25 and December 26, 1277 – August 22, 1280.
189. Martin IV, French, Simon de Brie or de Brion or de Mainpincien, February 22 and March 23, 1281 – March 29, 1285.
190. Honorius IV, Roman, James Savelli, April 2 and May 20, 1285 – April 3, 1287.
191. Nicholas IV, of Lisciano (Ascoli Piceno), Jerome, February 22, 1288 – April 4, 1292.
192. St. Celestine V, of Molise, Peter of Morrone, July 5 and August 29, 1294 – December 13, 1294. Died: May 19, 1296 (he was canonized May 5, 1313).
193. Boniface VIII, of Anagni, Benedict Caetani, December 24, 1294 and January 23, 1295 – October 11, 1303.
194. Bl. Benedict XI, of Treviso, Nicholas of Boccasio, October 22 and 27, 1303 – July 7, 1304 (his cult was confirmed April 24, 1736).
195. Clement V, of Villandraut (Gironde), Bertrand de Got, June 5 and November 14, 1305 – April 20, 1314.
196. John XXII, of Cahors, Jacques Duese, August 7 and September 5, 1316 – December 4, 1334.
[Antipope: Nicholas V, of Corvaro (Rieti), Peter Rinalducci or Rainalducci, May 12 and 22, 1328 – August 25, 1330. Died: October 16, 1333]
197. Benedict XII, of Saverdun (southern France), Jacques Fournier, December 20, 1334 and January 8, 1335 – April 25, 1342.
198. Clement VI, of Maumont (Limousin), Peter Roger, May 7 and 19, 1342 – December 6, 1352.
199. Innocent VI, of Monts (Limousin), Stephen Aubert, December 18 and 30, 1352 – September 12, 1362.
200. Bl. Urban V, of Grizac (southern France), William Grimoard, September 28 and November 6, 1362 – December 19, 1370 (his cult was confirmed March 10, 1870).
201. Gregory XI, of Rosiers-d'Egletons (Limousin), Peter Roger de Beaufort, December 30, 1370 and January 3, 1371 – March 26, 1378.
202. Urban VI, of Naples, Bartholomew Prignano, April 8 and 18, 1378 – October 15, 1389.
203. Boniface IX, of Naples, Peter Tomacelli, November 2 and 9, 1389 – October 1, 1404.
204. Innocent VII, of Sulmona, Cosimo Migliorati, October 17 and November 11, 1404 – November 6, 1406.
205. Gregory XII, Venetian, Angelo Correr, November 30 and December 19, 1406 – July 4, 1415.
[Antipope: Clement VII, of Geneva, Robert of the counts of Geneva, September 20 and October 31, 1378 – September 16, 1394]
[Antipope: Benedict XIII, of Illueca (Aragon), Peter Martinez de Luna, September 28 and October 11, 1394 – November 29, 1422 or May 23, 1423]
[Antipope: Alexander V, of Kare (Crete), Peter Philarges, June 26 and July 7, 1409 – May 3, 1410]
[Antipope: John XXIII, of Naples, Baldassare Cossa, May 17 and 25, 1410 – May 29, 1415]
206. Martin V, of Genazzano, Odo Colonna, November 11 and 21, 1417 – February 20, 1431.
207. Eugene IV, Venetian, Gabriel Condulmer, March 3 and 11, 1431 – February 23, 1447.
[Antipope: Felix V, of Chambery, Amadeus VIII Duke of Savoy, November 5, 1439 and July 24, 1440 – April 7, 1449]
208. Nicholas V, of Sarzana, Thomas Parentucelli, March 6 and 19, 1447 – March 24, 1455.
209. Callixtus III, of Torre del Canals near Xativa (Valencia), Alfonso Borgia, April 8 and 20, 1455 – August 6, 1458.
210. Pius II, of Corsignano (Siena), Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, August 19 and September 3, 1458 – August 14, 1464.
211. Paul II, Venetian, Peter Barbo, August 30 and September 16, 1464 – July 26, 1471.
212. Sixtus IV, of Celle (Savona), Francis della Rovere, August 1, 9, and 25, 1471 – August 12, 1484.
213. Innocent VIII, of Genoa, Giovanni Battista Cibo, August 29 and September 12, 1484 – July 25, 1492.
214. Alexander VI, of Xativa (Valencia), Rodrigo de Borja, August 11 and 26, 1492 – August 18, 1503.
215. Pius III, of Siena, Francis Todeschini-Piccolomini, September 22 and October 1 and 8, 1503 – October 18, 1503.
216. Julius II, of Albisola (Savona), Julian della Rovere, November 1 and 26, 1503 – February 21, 1513.
217. Leo X, of Florence, Giovanni de' Medici, March 11 and 19, 1513 – December 1, 1521.
218. Adrian VI, of Utrecht, Adrian Florensz, January 9 and August 31, 1522 – September 14, 1523.
219. Clement VII, of Florence, Giulio de' Medici, November 19 and 26, 1523 – September 25, 1534.
220. Paul III, of Canino (Viterbo), Alessandro Farnese, October 13 and November 3, 1534 – November 10, 1549.
221. Julius III, Roman, Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, February 7 and 22, 1550 – March 23, 1555.
222. Marcellus II, of Montefano (Macerata), Marcello Cervini, April 9 and 10, 1555 – May 1, 1555.
223. Paul IV, of Capriglia (Avellino), Gian Pietro Carafa, May 23 and 26, 1555 – August 18, 1559.
224. Pius IV, of Milan, Giovanni Angelo Medici, December 26, 1559 and January 6, 1560 – December 9, 1565.
225. St. Pius V, of Bosco (Alessandria), Antonio (Michele) Ghislieri, January 7 and 17, 1566 – May 1, 1572 (he was beatified May 1, 1672, and canonized May 22, 1712).
226. Gregory XIII, of Bologna, Ugo Boncompagni, May 13 and 25, 1572 – April 10, 1585.
227. Sixtus V, of Grottammare (Ascoli Piceno), Felice Peretti, April 24 and May 1, 1585 – August 27, 1590.
228. Urban VII, Roman, Giambattista Castagna, September 15, 1590 – September 27, 1590.
229. Gregory XIV, of Somma Lombardo, Niccolo Sfondrati, December 5 and 8, 1590 – October 16, 1591.
230. Innocent IX, of Bologna, Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, October 29 and November 3, 1591 – December 30, 1591.
231. Clement VIII, of Fano, Ippolito Aldobrandini, January 30 and February 9, 1592 – March 3, 1605.
232. Leo XI, of Florence, Alessandro de' Medici, April 1 and 10, 1605 – April 27, 1605.
233. Paul V, Roman, Camillo Borghese, May 16 and 29, 1605 – January 28, 1621.
234. Gregory XV, of Bologna, Alessandro Ludovisi, February 9 and 14, 1621 – July 8, 1623.
235. Urban VIII, of Florence, Maffeo Barberini, August 6 and September 29, 1623 – July 29, 1644.
236. Innocent X, Roman, Giovanni Battista Pamphili, September 15 and October 4, 1644 – January 7, 1655.
237. Alexander VII, of Siena, Fabio Chigi, April 7 and 18, 1655 – May 22, 1667.
238. Clement IX, of Pistoia, Giulio Rospigliosi, June 20 and 26, 1667 – December 9, 1669.
239. Clement X, Roman, Emilio Altieri, April 29 and May 11, 1670 – July 22, 1676.
240. Bl. Innocent XI, of Como, Benedetto Odescalchi, September 21 and October 4, 1676 – August 12, 1689 (he was beatified October 7, 1956).
241. Alexander VIII, Venetian, Pietro Ottoboni, October 6 and 16, 1689 – February 1, 1691.
242. Innocent XII, of Spinazzola, Antonio Pignatelli, July 12 and 15, 1691 – September 27, 1700.
243. Clement XI, of Urbino, Giovanni Francesco Albani, November 23 and 30 and December 8, 1700 – March 19, 1721.
244. Innocent XIII, of Poli, Michelangelo Conti, May 8 and 18, 1721 – March 7, 1724.
245. Benedict XIII, of Gravina, Pietro Francesco (Vincenzo Maria) Orsini, May 29 and June 4, 1724 – February 21, 1730.
246. Clement XII, Florentine, Lorenzo Corsini, July 12 and 16, 1730 – February 6, 1740.
247. Benedict XIV, Bolognese, Prospero Lambertini, August 17 and 22, 1740 – May 3, 1758.
248. Clement XIII, Venetian, Carlo Rezzonico, July 6 and 16, 1758 – February 2, 1769.
249. Clement XIV, of Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna, Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio (Lorenzo) Ganganelli, May 19 and 28 and June 4, 1769 – September 22, 1774.
250. Pius VI, of Cesena, Giannangelo Bruschi, February 15 and 22, 1775 – August 29, 1799.
251. Pius VII, of Cesena, Barnaba (Gregorio) Chiaramonti, March 14 and 21, 1800 – August 20, 1823.
252. Leo XII, of Monticelli di Genga (Fabriano), Annibale della Genga, September 28 and October 5, 1823 – February 10, 1829.
253. Pius VIII, of Cingoli, Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, March 31 and April 5, 1829 – November 30, 1830.
254. Gregory XVI, of Belluno, Bartolomeo Alberto (Mauro) Cappellari, February 2 and 6, 1831 – June 1, 1846.
255. Blessed Pius IX, of Senigallia, Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, June 16 and 21, 1846 – February 7, 1878 (beatified September 3, 2000).
256. Leo XIII, of Carpineto Romano, Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci, February 20 and March 3, 1878 – July 20, 1903.
257. Saint Pius X, of Riese (Treviso), Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, August 4 and 9, 1903 – August 20, 1914 (beatified June 3, 1951; canonized May 29, 1954).
258. Benedict XV, Genoese, Giacomo della Chiesa, September 3 and 6, 1914 – January 22, 1922.
259. Pius XI, of Desio (Milan), Achille Ratti, February 6 and 12, 1922 – February 10, 1939.
260. Pius XII, Roman, Eugenio Pacelli, March 2 and 12, 1939 – October 9, 1958.
261. Blessed John XXIII, of Sotto il Monte (Bergamo), Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, October 28 and November 4, 1958 – June 3, 1963 (beatified September 3, 2000).
262. Paul VI, of Concesio (Brescia), Giovanni Battista Montini, June 21 and 30, 1963 – August 6, 1978.
263. John Paul I, of Forno di Canale (Belluno), Albino Luciani, August 26 and September 3, 1978 – September 28, 1978.
264. John Paul II, of Wadowice (Krakow), Karol Wojtyla, October 16 and 22, 1978 – April 2, 2005.
265. Benedict XVI
April 19, 2005. I announce to you a great joy: we have a Pope! The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord Joseph, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, Ratzinger, who has taken for himself the name Benedict XVI.