Institution

• Academy of Athens — Philosophical school founded by Plato in Athens
• Albigensians — Medieval heretical movement in southern France that proscribed the Old Testament
• Alexandrian Library — The great library at Alexandria; Ptolemy Philadelphus had the Septuagint and Hebrew manuscripts deposited there through Demetrius
• Alexandrian School — Early Christian catechetical school at Alexandria, parent of Doctors and Prelates; founded by St. Mark, with Origen as its most famous teacher
• Anabaptists — Radical Reformation sect that proscribed the Old Testament, boasting of being moved and taught by the enthusiasm of the spirit
• Anthropomorphites — Heretical sect whose originator was Audaeus; held that man is the image of God according to the body and therefore that God is corporeal
• Arians — Followers of the heresy of Arius who denied the full divinity of Christ
• Calvinists — Protestant movement following John Calvin, who used Old Testament passages to argue for predestination and God as author of evil
• Ebionites — Early Jewish-Christian heretical sect; Symmachus, the fourth translator of Hebrew Scripture into Greek, was first an Ebionite
• Essenes — Early Jewish-Christian community at Alexandria identified as the first Alexandrian Christians; spent entire days studying sacred volumes
• Libertines — Heretical sect that set up their own reason and inclination as the guide of faith and morals, rather than Scripture
• Lutherans — Protestant movement; referenced through Matthias Flacius Illyricus whose teaching on original sin is condemned
• Manichaeans — Heretical sect founded by Curbicus the Persian (called Manes and Manichaeus); proscribed the Old Testament; St. Augustine wrote 33 books Against Faustus in refutation
• Marcionites — Heretical sect founded by Marcion, who proscribed the Old Testament and taught it was produced by evil angels; Tertullian wrote four books against them
• Master of the Sacred Palace — Office in the papal household; St. Dominic was created the first holder, and from that time the dignity adhered to the Order of Preachers
• Olympiads — Ancient Greek chronological system used by pagan historians for dating
• Origenists — Followers of Origen's theological errors; Gregory Thaumaturgus received a creed from St. John to set against them
• Peripatetic School — Philosophical school of Aristotle; Justin chose a Peripatetic master but despised him for hawking wisdom for a price
• Platonic School — Philosophical school of Plato; Justin went to a Platonist but was deceived with a vain hope of wisdom, before finding truth in the Prophets
• Priscillianists — Heretical sect that, like the Manichaeans, taught there are two principles of things or two gods
• Saxon Lutherologists — Lutheran theologians from Saxony who argued at the Regensburg disputation for proscribing traditions and establishing Scripture alone as the judge of faith controversies
• School at Nisibis — Schools of sacred Scripture established at Nisibis among the Syrian Hebrews in the time of Emperor Justinian
• School at York — School of sacred Letters in England where Alcuin publicly taught; St. Ludger traveled from Frisia to hear him
• Simonians — Heretical sect founded by Simon Magus, who proscribed the Old Testament by teaching it was produced by a sinister power and evil angels
• Stoic School — Philosophical school; St. Justin attached himself to a Stoic teacher but heard nothing about God from him
• Studios Monastery — Celebrated monastery at Constantinople named from its founder and the study of sacred Letters; Theodore the Studite combated the Iconoclast emperors from here around 800 AD
• The Pythagoreans — Philosophical school founded by Pythagoras
• The Seventy Translators — The translators of the Hebrew Bible into Greek (the Septuagint); Lapide attributes the division and naming of the Pentateuch to them
• The Synagogue — Jewish assembly and place of worship